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Information on EC 2.7.7.48 - RNA-directed RNA polymerase
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2.7.7.48 RNA-directed RNA polymeraseIUBMB Comments
Catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain de novo. See also EC 2.7.7.6 DNA-directed RNA polymerase.
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Word Map
- 2.7.7.48
- viruses
- strand
-
rnaps
- bacteriophage
- chromatin
-
single-stranded
-
holoenzyme
- virion
- infectious
- rrna
- vaccine
- dsrnas
-
nascent
- ribonucleoproteins
- helicase
- histone
-
dna-dependent
- polyproteins
- replicons
-
outbreak
-
footprint
- nucleocapsids
- fever
- dengue
- rifampicin
- polya
-
serotype
-
polyadenylation
- stem-loops
- ribavirin
- duplex
-
supercoiled
-
virus-infected
- gastroenteritis
-
non-structural
-
sequence-specific
- nucleoprotein
-
nucleolar
-
virological
- coronavirus
- pre-mrnas
-
non-nucleoside
- rotavirus
-
anti-hcv
-
stall
- encephalitis
- dicer
-
unwind
-
virus-like
-
virus-specific
- pharmacology
- analysis
- medicine
- drug development
- molecular biology
- synthesis
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
111 kDa protein, 180 kDa protein, 182 kDa protein, 183 kDa protein, 186 kDa protein, 216.5 kDa protein, 2A protein, 3CD protein, 3D pol, 3D polymerase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
111 kDa protein
-
-
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180 kDa protein
-
-
-
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182 kDa protein
-
-
-
-
183 kDa protein
-
-
-
-
186 kDa protein
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-
-
-
216.5 kDa protein
-
-
-
-
2A protein
-
-
-
-
3CD protein
-
precursor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, although 3CD is a fully functional protease, it lacks polymerase activity
3D pol
-
-
-
-
3D polymerase
3Dpol
3Dpol-like protein
-
the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is associated with the 3Dpol-like protein
69.6 kDa protein
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-
-
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core protein
-
-
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core protein VP1
-
-
-
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HC-J4 NS5BDELTA21
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a C-terminally truncated polymerase based on the consensus sequence of pCV-J4L6S
HCV NS5B polymerase
influenza polymerase PA
inner layer protein VP1
-
-
-
-
JEV NS5
-
nonstructural protein that carries both methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains
JEV NS5 protein
jRdRp
L protein
-
-
-
-
large structural protein
-
-
-
-
M1 phosphoprotein
-
-
-
-
NIB
-
-
-
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nonstructural phosphoprotein
-
-
-
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nonstructural protein
-
-
-
-
nonstructural protein 5B
NS5
NS5 protein
NS5 RdRp
NS5B
NS5B polymerase
NS5B protein
NS5B RdRp
nsp12
nucleocapsid phosphoprotein
-
-
-
-
nucleotidyltransferase, ribonucleate, RNA-dependent
-
-
-
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ORF1
-
-
-
-
ORF1A
-
-
-
-
ORF1B
-
-
-
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P protein
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-
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P180
-
-
-
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P3D
-
-
-
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P66
-
-
-
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P70
-
-
-
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P88 protein
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-
-
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PB1
-
-
-
-
PB1 proteins
-
-
-
-
PB2
-
-
-
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PB2 proteins
-
-
-
-
Phage f2 replicase
-
-
-
-
picornaviral 3D polymerase
Pol
-
-
-
-
polymerase acidic protein
-
-
-
-
polymerase basic 1 protein
-
-
-
-
polymerase L
-
-
-
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proteins PB1
-
-
-
-
proteins, PB 2
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-
-
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proteins, specific or class, lambda3, of reovirus
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-
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proteins, specific or class, PB 1
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proteins, specific or class, PB 2
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Q-beta replicase
-
-
-
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Qbeta replicase
Qbeta-replicase
-
-
-
-
RDR
RDR1
RDR2
RDR6
RDRP
replicase, phage f2
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-
-
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replicase, Qbeta
-
-
-
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ribonucleic acid replicase
-
-
-
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ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase
-
-
-
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ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase
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-
-
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ribonucleic replicase
-
-
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-
ribonucleic synthetase
-
-
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RNA dependent RNA polymerase
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
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-
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RNA polymerase
RNA replicase
-
-
-
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RNA synthetase
-
-
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RNA transcriptase
-
-
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RNA-binding protein
-
-
-
-
RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase
-
-
-
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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA replicase
-
-
-
-
RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase
RNA-directed RNA polymerase
-
-
-
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RRF-3
RrpC
sigma NS protein
-
-
-
-
transcriptase
VP1
-
-
-
-
VP1 protein
-
-
-
-
additional information
3D polymerase
-
-
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nonstructural protein 5B
-
-
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NS5 protein
-
bifunctional and contains 900 amino acids. The S-adenosyl methionine transferase activity resides within its N-terminal domain, and residues 270 to 900 form the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) catalytic domain
NS5 RdRp
-
NS5 is a viral nonstructural protein that carries both methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains, it is a key component of the viral RNA replicase complex that presumably includes other viral nonstructural and cellular proteins
NS5B
-
-
-
-
NS5B
-
-
NS5B protein
-
-
-
-
Qbeta replicase
-
-
-
-
RDRP
-
-
-
-
RDRP
-
-
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
-
-
-
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
-
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
-
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
consists of three viral proteins, PB1, PB2, and PA
transcriptase
-
-
-
-
additional information
-
the enzyme belongs to the supergroup I of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn = diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
nucleotidyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed)
Catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain de novo. See also EC 2.7.7.6 DNA-directed RNA polymerase.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9026-28-2
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(dT)12 + UTP
diphosphate + ?
-
assay uses poly(A) as an RNA template and oligo(dT)12-18 as the primer. Enzyme is strictly dependent on the presence of primer
-
-
?
5-fluorouridine triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme incorporates 5-fluorouridine monophosphate during RNA elongation in place of UMP or CMP using homopolymeric and heteropolymeric templates. Incorporation of 5-fluorouridine monophosphate does not prevent chain elongation, and, in some sequence contexts, it favors misincorporations at downstream positions. 5-Fluorouridine monophosphate is incorporated into the nascent RNA and occupies the new 3'-end of the primer at the active site of the enzyme. 5-Fluorouridine monophosphate establishes a Watson and Crick pair with the corresponding acceptor AMP in the template strand and an additional hydrogen bond with Ser304 of the polymerase. Further interactions, similar to those observed with standard nucleotides, contribute also to stabilize 5-fluorouridine monophosphate in the 3'-terminus of the RNA. When present in the template, 5-fluorouridine monophosphate directs the incorporation of AMP and GMP, with ATP being a more effective substrate than GTP. The misincorporation of GMP is 17fold faster opposite 5-fluorouridine than opposite U in the template. But Incorporated 5-fluorouridine monophosphate is not a chain terminator during RNA elongation
RNA with incoporated 5-fluorouridine phosphate
-
?
ribavirin triphosphate + RNAn
?
ribavirin is a guanosine analogue that can be a substrate for the viral RNA polymerase. HCV is genetically variable, and this genetic variation can affect the polymerase's use of ribavirin triphosphate, overview
-
-
?
GTP + poly(C)
diphosphate + ?
-
use of poly(C) as template annealed with oligoG12 as primer
-
-
?
GTP + poly(C)
diphosphate + ?
-
use of poly(C) as template annealed with oligoG12 as primer
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
in addition to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity the enzyme also possesses cap-snatching capacity
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme should be involved in the replication of BaMV
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
full-length negative strand BBV RNAs are synthesized
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme synthesizes single-stranded RNA transcripts of one polarity which are identical in size to the denatured parental double-stranded RNA segments
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme is active in an in vitro RNA polymerase assay using homopolymeric RNA or BVDV minigenomic RNA templates. The major product is a covalently linked double-stranded molecule. In addition, a nucleotide-nonspecific and template-independent terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity is observed
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
dependent on and specific for BMV RNA
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
RNAs of Brome mosaic virus and the closely related cowpea Chlorotic mottle virus are the most effective, but some activity is also shown by certain other viral nucleic acids and polyribonucleotides
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
using poly(rA)/(dT)15 as a template-primer system
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
using poly(rA)/(dT)15 as a template-primer system
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme is completely dependent on exogenous template. The enzyme utilizes a variety of viral RNAs and CMV satellite RNA as template for minus-strand synthesis. Cellular RNAs are not used as templates
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme copies CMV RNA and several other viral RNAs, Brome mosaic virus RNA, Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and Tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Activity with poly(C) and poly(U) but not poly(A) or poly(G). The product with CMV RNA as template is heterogenous in size with a peak length of about 150 residues
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
GTP + CMV RNA, yeast RNA or poly(C)
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
Q6DLV0
homopolymer C as the template and biotinoligo(G)20 as the primer
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
Q6DLV0
using homopolymer C as the template
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
enzyme initiates RNA synthesis in a primer- and poly(A)-dependent manner in vitro
product is double-stranded RNA
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme does not manifest strict specificity towards EMC RNA template. It can use also Qbeta RNA, rRNA of BHK cells or poly(C)
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
poly(A)-dependent oligo(U)-primed poly(U) polymerase activity. In the presence of an oligo(U) primer, the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of a full-length copy of either poliovirus or globin RNA templates. In the absence of added primer, RNA products up to twice the length of the template are synthesized
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
kinetic mechanism for single nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by poliovirus polymerase in presence of Mg2+
-
-
r
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
RdRP incorporation of incorrect nucleosides is inefficient, making precise determination of kinetic parameters experimentally challenging. The fidelity for poliovirus polymerase 3Dpol ranges from 12000 to 1000000 for transition mutations and 32000 to 43000000 for transversion mutations
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
VPg (a peptide comprising the 3B region of protein 3AB) is the 22-residue soluble product of 3AB cleavage and serves as the protein primer for RNA replication
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
substrate is HP1 RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
when the nucleotide concentrations are low, C is incorporated at the fastest rate and G at the slowest. G-incorporation step largely limits the overall reaction rate
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
synthesis of RNA in response to RNA template. An RNA primer can substitute for GTP to allow initiation. Mn2+ might reduce the template specificity by forming a complex with GTP that is more efficiently incorporated than is Mg*GTP with unfavored template
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
GTP and polyC
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
GTP and polyC
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
composed of one phage-coded polypeptide and three host-supplied polypeptides which function in the biosynthesis of proteins in the uninfected host. Two of theses polypeptides, protein elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts, are required for initiation of transcription by replicase with all templates
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
Qbeta replicase is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for replicating the RNA genome of coliphage Qbeta and plays a key role in the life cycle of the Qbeta phage
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
kinetic model for the RNA replication reaction
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
synthesis of RNA in response to RNA template. An RNA primer can substitute for GTP to allow initiation. Mn2+ might reduce the template specificity by forming a complex with GTP that is more efficiently incorporated than is Mg*GTP with unfavored template
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
GTP and polyC
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
GTP and polyC
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
synthesis of RNA in response to RNA template. An RNA primer can substitute for GTP to allow initiation. Mn2+ might reduce the template specificity by forming a complex with GTP that is more efficiently incorporated than is Mg*GTP with unfavored template
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
GTP and polyC
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
purified recombinant FMDV 3D is active in polymerization assays using homopolymeric and heteropolymeric primer templates and in binding to RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
inducible enzyme
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
ATP, the enzyme requires a single-stranded molecule of RNA or polyribonucleotide as template, initiates new chains with purine ribonucleoside triphosphates
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
661081, 662733, 672616, 673227, 690468, 690470, 690478, 690615, 691255, 691257, 691273, 692029, 693537, 695258
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
polyC/oligoG is more efficient in supporting the HCV NS5B polymerase activity than polyA/oligodT. PolyA/oligoU or polyI/oligodC
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme performs RNA- or DNA oligonucleotide primer-dependent RNA synthesis on templates with a blocked 3' end or on homopolymeric templates
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
ribonucleotide-incorporating activity on an in vitro transcribed RNA containing the 3' end of the HCV genome. It also possesses ribunucleotide incorporation activity, to a lesser extent, on in vitro transcribed foreign RNA templates when RNA or DNA primers are present. The activity is higher with DNA primers than with RNA primers
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity uses poly(C) most efficiently as a template but is inactive on poly(U) and poly(G). The enzyme is able to copy a full-length or nearly full-length genome in the absence of additional viral or cellular cofactors. Poly(C)-oligo(G)12 is the most efficient substrate
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
once synthesis has begun, the C-terminally truncated enzyme NS5B(DELTA21) does not dissociate from the template until a complete double strand copy of the RNA is made
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
replication of Hepatitits C virus is thought to proceed via the initial synthesis of a complementary (-)RNA strand, which serves, in turn, as a template for the production of progeny (+)-strand RNA molecules. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is postulated to be involved in these steps
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
essential catalytic enzyme for HCV replication. NS5A binds RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and modulates RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
NS5B RdRp is essential for viral replication
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
poly(C) RNA template
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
nculeotides are GTP, CTP, ATP, and UTP, the RNA templates for the enzyme assay are transcribed from linearized murine inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, clone having 400 nt insert in an in vitro transcription reaction using SP6 RNA polymerase
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
B2 RNA is a substrate for RNA dependent RNA polymerization by Pol II
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
B2 RNA is a substrate for RNA dependent RNA polymerization by Pol II. Extension of B2 RNA by Pol II occurs from the 3'-end and is internally templated and requires all four NTPs, mechanism, overview. No activity with B2 RNA mutated at C155 to G
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
in presence of Mg2+ significant activity is observed when poly(A) or poly(C) is used as template and the activity is template and primer-dependent. Poly(G) and poly(U) templates are not efficient substrates. Biotinylated oligoDNA primers appear to work slightly more efficiently than oligoRNA primers. In presence of Mn2+ activity is stimulated 2.5-5.6fold. RNA synthesis using poly(C) as template becomes primer-independent
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
RNA polymerase activity on homopolymeric templates poly(A) and poly(C) and heteropolymeric RNA templates primed with either RNA or DNA oligonucleotide primers or self-primed by a copy-back mechanism
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
required for replication of the HRV RNA genome
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
in vitro transcription using the model RNA template, v84
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
various RNA substrates: Alu RNA, 110 nucleotides of the Alu domain of Pyrococcus horikoshii SRP RNA, Candida albicans tRNAAsn, U-rich RNA (59-GGCCAUCCUGU7 CCCU11CU19-39)29, ph-RNA of 81 nucleotides30, and short ph-RNA of 36 nucleotides comprising just the conserved 3' and 5' ends with a short linker and circular single stranded DNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
various RNA substrates: Alu RNA, 110 nucleotides of the Alu domain of Pyrococcus horikoshii SRP RNA, Candida albicans tRNAAsn, U-rich RNA (59-GGCCAUCCUGU7 CCCU11CU19-39)29, ph-RNA of 81 nucleotides30, and short ph-RNA of 36 nucleotides comprising just the conserved 3' and 5' ends with a short linker and circular single stranded DNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
replication occurs through de novo initiation and involves a complementary RNA intermediate
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
JEV NS5 protein can initiate RNA synthesis through a de novo initiation mechanism. JEV NS5 protein is more efficient in using negative-strand RNA templates, indicating that the JEV NS5 protein is involved in regulating the ratio of positive strand RNA to negative strand RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
JEV NS5 protein can initiate RNA synthesis through a de novo initiation mechanism. JEV NS5 protein is more efficient in using negative-strand RNA templates
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the NS5 protein is able to use both plus- and minus-strand 3'-untranslated regions of the JEV genome as templates in the absence of a primer, with the latter RNA being a better template. Analysis of the RNA synthesis initiation site using the 3'-end 83 nucleotides of the JEV genome as a minimal RNA template reveals that the NS5 protein specifically initiates RNA synthesis from an internal site, U81, at the two nucleotides upstream of the 3'-end of the template
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
poly(A) RNA template
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
uses JEV and dengue-2 virus 3' end plus- and minus-strand RNA templates, the incorporation of [32P]-UMP is much lower when using positive-strand RNA as template than when using negative-strand RNA - an almost 10fold difference in efficiency
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
primer-free initiation assay with 13-nt RNA template, and ATP, CTP, FAM-UTP, and GTP, and additionally with a primer (5'-GUUCACACAGAUAAACUUCU-3') with a 6-FAM-labeled at the 5'-end in the primer extension assay
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
JEV NS5 protein can initiate RNA synthesis through a de novo initiation mechanism. JEV NS5 protein is more efficient in using negative-strand RNA templates, indicating that the JEV NS5 protein is involved in regulating the ratio of positive strand RNA to negative strand RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
JEV NS5 protein can initiate RNA synthesis through a de novo initiation mechanism. JEV NS5 protein is more efficient in using negative-strand RNA templates
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
uses JEV and dengue-2 virus 3' end plus- and minus-strand RNA templates, the incorporation of [32P]-UMP is much lower when using positive-strand RNA as template than when using negative-strand RNA - an almost 10fold difference in efficiency
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
primer-free initiation assay with 13-nt RNA template, and ATP, CTP, FAM-UTP, and GTP, and additionally with a primer (5'-GUUCACACAGAUAAACUUCU-3') with a 6-FAM-labeled at the 5'-end in the primer extension assay
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
incorporation is more dependent on exogenopus UTP and GTP than ATP or CTP
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
incorporation is more dependent on exogenopus UTP and GTP than ATP or CTP
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
La France isometric virus
-
the enzyme is probably a transcriptase engaged in the synthesis of ssRNA transcripts corresponding to each of the virion-associated dsRNAs
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the polymerase product anneals only to measles RNA and not to Vero cell RNA
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme catalyzes cap methylation of virus-specific mRNA as well as RNA synthesis
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
viral ribonucleoprotein complexes and purified recombinant L protein but not P protein exhibit mRNA (guanine-7-)methyl-transferase activity. mRNA synthesis in a reconstituted transcription system using purified N protein-genomic RNA complex as a template requires both the L and P proteins. Enzymatic properties of Senda virus mRNA (guanine-7-)methyl-transferase are different to that of cellular mRNA (guanine-7-)methyl-transferase. Unlike cellular enzyme, the SeV enzyme preferentially methylates capped RNA containing the viral mRNA 5'-end sequences (GpppApGpG-). The C-terminal part (amino acid residues 1,756–2,228) of the L protein catalyzes cap methylation, whereas the N-terminal half (residues 1–1,120) containing putative RNA polymerase subdomains does not
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the random polymers poly(UG), poly(UC), poly(AG) and poly(AU) serve as more effective templates than homopolymers
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
NV 3Dpol yields two different products when incubated with synthetic RNA in vitro: (1) a double-stranded RNA consisting of two single strands of opposite polarity or (2) the single-stranded RNA template labelled at its 39 terminus by terminal transferase activity. Initiation of RNA synthesis by NV 3Dpol on heteromeric RNA template occurs de novo
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
rNTP substrate binding structure, multistep model of nucleotide incorporation, overview
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
the polymerase structure is switchable, with a discrete set of contacts stabilizing the initiation-competent form of the enzyme so that relatively modest changes can have-range effects, controlling the switch from the initiation to elongation phase, with premature conformational switching producing a structure that preferentially initiates by back-priming
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
template is RNA, the phi6 polymerase is highly processive and can use either single- or double-stranded RNA as a template and synthesizes a full-length complementary strand of an RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
NTPs are ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP, roles of the negatively charged plough area on the polymerase surface, of the rim of the template tunnel and of the template specificity pocket that is key in the formation of the productive RNA-polymerase binary complex. The positively charged rim of the template tunnel has a significant role in the engagement of highly structured ssRNA molecules, whereas specific interactions further down in the template tunnel promote ssRNA entry to the catalytic site
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
key enzyme of replication
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
in a synthetic RNA template-dependent reaction, sapovirus 3Dpol synthesizes a double-stranded RNA or labels the template 3' terminus by terminal transferase activity. Initiation of RNA synthesis occurs de novo on heteropolymeric templates or in a primer dependent manner on polyadenylated templates
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme synthesizes single-stranded RNA transcripts of one polarity which are identical in size to the denatured parental double-stranded RNA segments
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
nsP4 possesses the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity required for the replication of the SIN genome and transcription of a subgenomic mRNA during infection
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
in the absence of other viral proteins nsP4 is capable of copying SIN plus- and minus-strand templates, but does not transcribe subgenomic RNA. Mutations in the 3' conserved sequence element and poly(A) tail of the plus-strand template prevent nsP4-mediated de novo initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis. nsP4-dependent terminal addition of nucleotides occurs on template RNA possessing certain mutations in the 3' conserved sequence element and polyadenylate tail. nsP4 is capable of minus-strand synthesis independent of the sequence at the 5' end of the template. An A-U rich sequence in the 3' conserved sequence element represents a binding site for a replicase component. Probably nsP4 plus-strand genomic RNA synthesis is dependent on the 3' end of the minus-strand template
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme catalyzes in vitro the transcription of short single-stranded RNA and DNA molecules into precise complementary RNA copies up to the full length of these templates. The transcription of RNA-oligonicleotide templates and DNA-oligonucleotide templates is equally effective. Differences in transcription efficiency are found to depend on nucleotide sequence rather than on the RNA or DNA nature of the single-stranded nucleic acid. Double-stranded nucleic acids such as poly(A)*poly(U) and a double-stranded DNA 14-mer are not transcribed. The RdRP-directed transcription can be primed. The unprimed transcription starts preferentially at the 3'-terminal nucleotide of the template. The enzyme is capable of adding a single noncomplementary nucleotide to the 3'-terminus of about 50% of the runoff transcripts. AMP is preferred over GMP whereas CMP and UMP are terminally added at very low frequency
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
key step in the reproduction of plus-stranded RNA viruses pathogens is replication of their single-stranded RNA genomes occuring in the cytosol of host cells in association with membranes and requiring a virally-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme is able to synthesize or finish full-length TNV-RNA on an endogenous template, the minus strand of TNV-RNA
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
both 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of the (+)-strand RNA template including the wild type cyclization motifs are important for RNA synthesis. However, the 3'-terminal region of the (-)-strand RNA template alone is sufficient for RNA synthesis. The (+)-strand 5'-cyclization motif is critical for (-)-strand RNA synthesis but neither the (-)-strand 5'- nor 3'-cyclization motif is important for the (+)-strand RNA synthesis. Cyclization of the viral RNA play a role for (-)-strand RNA synthesis but not for (+)-strand RNA synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the central polymerase domain (PD) shows nucleotide binding properties, but neither the N-terminal domain (NTD) nor the C-terminal domain (CTD). Isolated PD does not exhibit RdRp activity but this activity can be reconstituted when all three domains are included in the reaction mixture. Molecular dynamics simulation suggests that the isolated PD has increased internal motions in comparison to when it is associated with the NTD and CTD. The motions of the separated PD may lead to the formation of a less accessible RNA template-binding channel and, thus, impair RdRp activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
introns called mirtrons and sirtrons might serve as the single-stranded RNA precursors for the generation of microRNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively, through an RDR (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)-dependent pathway. sRNA high-throughput sequencing in wild-type and RDR-deficient mutant plants, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
introns called mirtrons and sirtrons might serve as the single-stranded RNA precursors for the generation of microRNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively, through an RDR (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase)-dependent pathway. sRNA high-throughput sequencing in wild-type and RDR-deficient mutant plants, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the conservative lysine residue K369 in motif D is a dynamic element whose position inside the polymerase molecule may determine the velocity of the enzymatic reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
systemic necrotic spotting induced by ORMV in tobacco maps to the RdRp polymerase domain, comparison of necrotic lesions of wild-type and chimeric mutant virusses
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
D-elp1, corresponding to the largest of the three subunits in the RNA polymerase II core elongator complex, has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. RdRP activity is associated with the amino terminal 96-kD fragment, DELTAC, CDS 1-2528. D-elp1 is a noncanonical RdRP that can synthesize dsRNA from different ssRNA templates using either a primer-dependent or primer-independent initiation mechanism, overview. D-elp1 associates tightly with Dcr-2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
cytoplasmic viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase disrupts the intracellular splicing machinery by entering the nucleus and interfering with pre-mRNA processing factor 8, Prp8. Identification of potential protein targets of EV71 3Dpol by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
interaction of EV71 3Dpol and the nuclear protein U5 snRNPs. ENzyme 3Dpol enters the cellular nucleus and colocalizes with pre-mRNA processing factor 8, Prp8, 3Dpol associates with the C-terminal domain of Prp8 containing the Jab1/MPN region. RIP-seq of the pre-mRNA are trapped by the Prp8-3Dpol complexes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
viral RdRP elongation nucleotide addition cycle (NAC), structure-function analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
cytoplasmic viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase disrupts the intracellular splicing machinery by entering the nucleus and interfering with pre-mRNA processing factor 8, Prp8. Identification of potential protein targets of EV71 3Dpol by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
interaction of EV71 3Dpol and the nuclear protein U5 snRNPs. ENzyme 3Dpol enters the cellular nucleus and colocalizes with pre-mRNA processing factor 8, Prp8, 3Dpol associates with the C-terminal domain of Prp8 containing the Jab1/MPN region. RIP-seq of the pre-mRNA are trapped by the Prp8-3Dpol complexes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the conservative lysine residue K359 in motif D is a dynamic element whose position inside the polymerase molecule may determine the velocity of the enzymatic reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in vitro, protein nsp9 of equine arteritis virus shows weak de novo polymerase activity on homopolymeric RNA templates. The RNA-synthesizing activities observed in de novo and primer-dependent polymerase and terminal transferase assays cannot be attributed to recombinant EAV nsp9-RdRp. The polymerase assay employing 32P-labeled NTPs is sensitive enough to detect the activity of trace amounts of contaminating T7 RNA polymerase. This polymerase is also able to act on templates lacking the established T7 promoter requirements
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme-host membrane interactions are an initial step of FHV RNA replication complex assembly, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme translates in vitro rapidly. It specifically associates with mitochondria isolated from yeast, insect, and mammalian cells, temperature-dependently but independent of protease-sensitive mitochondrial outer membrane components or the host mitochondrial import machinery. The enzyme preferentially binds to specific anionic phospholipids, in particular the mitochondrion-specific phospholipid cardiolipin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the initiation of FMDV RNA synthesis is strongly inhibited by 5-fluorouridine triphosphate, and it is also an inhibitor of FMDV RNA elongation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the conservative lysine residue K369 in motif D is a dynamic element whose position inside the polymerase molecule may determine the velocity of the enzymatic reaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the viral enzyme binds to its coding region RNA stem-loop structure, 5BSL3.2, and its negative strand, enzyme and RNA interaction is an important step in viral RNA replication, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
presence of motif G is important for primer-dependent RNA synthesis but not to affect the binding of the enzyme to the template
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the viral enzyme binds to its coding region RNA stem-loop structure, 5BSL3.2, and its negative strand, enzyme and RNA interaction is an important step in viral RNA replication, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RNA polymerase II (PolII) acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to extend and destabilize a non-coding RNA. Pol II extends B2 RNA by 18 nt on its 3'-end in an internally templated reaction. The RNA product resulting from extension of B2 RNA by the Pol II RdRP can be removed from Pol II by a factor present in nuclear extracts
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
human parainfluenza virus
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the RNA polymerase complex consists of three subunits, PB1, PB2, and PA. These polymerase subunits and nucleoprotein, together with the viral RNA, form the viral ribonucleoprotein complex, which is the minimum component for viral RNA replication and transcription
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the heterotrimeric complex of PB1, PB2 and PA subunits cooperate in the transcription and replication of the viral genome, the N-terminal region of the PA subunit of two recent H5N1 strains can influence promoter binding and RNA polymerase activity as well as virulence of the strains, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the polymerase protein also harbors an intrinsic RNA and DNA endonuclease activity that cleaves host mRNAs during cap-snatching, inhibited by 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoic and activated by Mn2+, with the amino-terminal 209 residues of the PA subunit containing the endonuclease active site, structure-function analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the RdRp catalyzes all the biochemical reactions of influenza virus transcription and replication in vitro, dinucleotide ApG and globin mRNA-primed transcription, de novo initiation/replication, and polyadenylation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the polymerase protein also harbors an intrinsic RNA and DNA endonuclease activity that cleaves host mRNAs during cap-snatching, inhibited by 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoic and activated by Mn2+, with the amino-terminal 209 residues of the PA subunit containing the endonuclease active site, structure-function analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases initiate replication of the single-stranded RNA genome in the absence of a primer. The template sequence 5'-CU-3' at the 3'-end of the flaviviral genome is highly conserved. Flaviviral RdRps require high concentrations of the second incoming nucleotide GTP to catalyze de novo template-dependent RNA synthesis. the conserved motif F of jRdRp occupies multiple conformations in absence of GTP. Motif F becomes ordered on GTP binding and occludes the nucleotide triphosphate entry tunnel
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
ATP and GTP enzyme binding structures, detailed overview. The triphosphate moiety of GTP interacts with the side chains of basic residues from motif F (R460, K463, K471 and R474) and from motif E (R734 and R742)
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases initiate replication of the single-stranded RNA genome in the absence of a primer. The template sequence 5'-CU-3' at the 3'-end of the flaviviral genome is highly conserved. Flaviviral RdRps require high concentrations of the second incoming nucleotide GTP to catalyze de novo template-dependent RNA synthesis. the conserved motif F of jRdRp occupies multiple conformations in absence of GTP. Motif F becomes ordered on GTP binding and occludes the nucleotide triphosphate entry tunnel
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
ATP and GTP enzyme binding structures, detailed overview. The triphosphate moiety of GTP interacts with the side chains of basic residues from motif F (R460, K463, K471 and R474) and from motif E (R734 and R742)
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of arenaviruses is an integral part of the L protein, a 200-kDa multifunctional and multidomain protein, structure and function of the Lassa virus RdRp domain, folding model of thedomain, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
residues K1127, R1134, E1135, L1136, D1140, and K1144, D1193, G1298, S1333, D1334, D1335, and K1376 from different subunits might be involved in catalysis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
pseudogene-derived antisense siRNAs can be produced in specific rice developmental stages or physiological growth conditions, suggesting their potentially important roles in normal rice development involving RDR2, or small RNAs from rice pseudogenes might also function as natural antisense siRNAs either by interacting with the complementary sense RNAs from functional parental genes or by forming double-strand RNAs with transcripts of adjacent paralogous pseudogenes, function classification of rice pseudogenes, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Potato spindle tuber viroid replication in the nucleoplasm generates (-)-PSTVd intermediates and (+)-PSTVd copies. The Nicotiana benthamiana canonical 9-zinc finger (ZF) transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA-9ZF) as well as its variant TFIIIA-7ZF both interact with (+)-PSTVd, but only TFIIIA-7ZF interacts with (-)-PSTVd. TFIIIA-7ZF is found in the nucleoplasm and nucleolus, in contrast to the strictly nucleolar localization of TFIIIA-9ZF. The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II interacts with the (+)- and (2)-PSTVd RNA in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
template ssRNA accesses the active site through a tunnel. The phi12 P2 conformation does not favor RNA binding
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
construction of a Coxsackie virus B3-specific GFP siRNA pool
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
In silico template RNA modelling, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RHDV polyprotein cleavage product p58 is an active RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, that has no DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RHDV polyprotein cleavage product p58 is an active RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, that has no DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the C-terminal fragment can interact with the viral nucleocapsid protein, the N-terminal 50 amino acids of nucleocapsid protein are responsible for the NP-RdRp interaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme shows both primer-dependent and primer-independent RNA synthesis activities using homopolymeric RNA templates. It preferentially copies homopolymeric pyrimidine RNA templates in the absence of an added oligonucleotide primer and is also able to initiate de novo RNA synthesis from the 3'-ends of both the plus- and minus-strand genome of human SARS coronavirus, using the 3'-terminal 36- and 37-nt RNA, respectively
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
comparison of necrotic lesions of wild-type and chimeric mutant virusses
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
The single-stranded RNA genomes of the plus-stranded RNA viruses serve as templates for translation of viral proteins and perform other essential functions that generally involve local RNA structures, such as RNA hairpins. Viral RNA replication also requires a long-range RNA-RNA interaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
formation of an RNA-RNA complex between the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotides of the viral genome is necessary for polymerase activity, template specificity for a flavivirus RdRp, analysis and mechanism, overview. Viral protein NS5 has the ability to bind RNA with high affinity
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme should be involved in the replication of BaMV
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
composed of one phage-coded polypeptide and three host-supplied polypeptides which function in the biosynthesis of proteins in the uninfected host. Two of theses polypeptides, protein elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts, are required for initiation of transcription by replicase with all templates
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
Qbeta replicase is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for replicating the RNA genome of coliphage Qbeta and plays a key role in the life cycle of the Qbeta phage
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
inducible enzyme
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
replication of Hepatitits C virus is thought to proceed via the initial synthesis of a complementary (-)RNA strand, which serves, in turn, as a template for the production of progeny (+)-strand RNA molecules. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is postulated to be involved in these steps
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
essential catalytic enzyme for HCV replication. NS5A binds RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and modulates RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
NS5B RdRp is essential for viral replication
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
B2 RNA is a substrate for RNA dependent RNA polymerization by Pol II
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
required for replication of the HRV RNA genome
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
JEV NS5 protein can initiate RNA synthesis through a de novo initiation mechanism. JEV NS5 protein is more efficient in using negative-strand RNA templates, indicating that the JEV NS5 protein is involved in regulating the ratio of positive strand RNA to negative strand RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
JEV NS5 protein can initiate RNA synthesis through a de novo initiation mechanism. JEV NS5 protein is more efficient in using negative-strand RNA templates, indicating that the JEV NS5 protein is involved in regulating the ratio of positive strand RNA to negative strand RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
La France isometric virus
-
the enzyme is probably a transcriptase engaged in the synthesis of ssRNA transcripts corresponding to each of the virion-associated dsRNAs
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
the enzyme catalyzes cap methylation of virus-specific mRNA as well as RNA synthesis
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
template is RNA, the phi6 polymerase is highly processive and can use either single- or double-stranded RNA as a template and synthesizes a full-length complementary strand of an RNA
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
key enzyme of replication
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
nsP4 possesses the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity required for the replication of the SIN genome and transcription of a subgenomic mRNA during infection
-
-
?
nucleoside triphosphate + RNAn
diphosphate + RNAn+1
-
key step in the reproduction of plus-stranded RNA viruses pathogens is replication of their single-stranded RNA genomes occuring in the cytosol of host cells in association with membranes and requiring a virally-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
systemic necrotic spotting induced by ORMV in tobacco maps to the RdRp polymerase domain, comparison of necrotic lesions of wild-type and chimeric mutant virusses
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
D-elp1, corresponding to the largest of the three subunits in the RNA polymerase II core elongator complex, has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. RdRP activity is associated with the amino terminal 96-kD fragment, DELTAC, CDS 1-2528. D-elp1 is a noncanonical RdRP that can synthesize dsRNA from different ssRNA templates using either a primer-dependent or primer-independent initiation mechanism, overview. D-elp1 associates tightly with Dcr-2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
cytoplasmic viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase disrupts the intracellular splicing machinery by entering the nucleus and interfering with pre-mRNA processing factor 8, Prp8. Identification of potential protein targets of EV71 3Dpol by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
cytoplasmic viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase disrupts the intracellular splicing machinery by entering the nucleus and interfering with pre-mRNA processing factor 8, Prp8. Identification of potential protein targets of EV71 3Dpol by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme-host membrane interactions are an initial step of FHV RNA replication complex assembly, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the initiation of FMDV RNA synthesis is strongly inhibited by 5-fluorouridine triphosphate, and it is also an inhibitor of FMDV RNA elongation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
RNA polymerase II (PolII) acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to extend and destabilize a non-coding RNA. Pol II extends B2 RNA by 18 nt on its 3'-end in an internally templated reaction. The RNA product resulting from extension of B2 RNA by the Pol II RdRP can be removed from Pol II by a factor present in nuclear extracts
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
human parainfluenza virus
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the RNA polymerase complex consists of three subunits, PB1, PB2, and PA. These polymerase subunits and nucleoprotein, together with the viral RNA, form the viral ribonucleoprotein complex, which is the minimum component for viral RNA replication and transcription
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases initiate replication of the single-stranded RNA genome in the absence of a primer. The template sequence 5'-CU-3' at the 3'-end of the flaviviral genome is highly conserved. Flaviviral RdRps require high concentrations of the second incoming nucleotide GTP to catalyze de novo template-dependent RNA synthesis. the conserved motif F of jRdRp occupies multiple conformations in absence of GTP. Motif F becomes ordered on GTP binding and occludes the nucleotide triphosphate entry tunnel
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases initiate replication of the single-stranded RNA genome in the absence of a primer. The template sequence 5'-CU-3' at the 3'-end of the flaviviral genome is highly conserved. Flaviviral RdRps require high concentrations of the second incoming nucleotide GTP to catalyze de novo template-dependent RNA synthesis. the conserved motif F of jRdRp occupies multiple conformations in absence of GTP. Motif F becomes ordered on GTP binding and occludes the nucleotide triphosphate entry tunnel
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of arenaviruses is an integral part of the L protein, a 200-kDa multifunctional and multidomain protein, structure and function of the Lassa virus RdRp domain, folding model of thedomain, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
pseudogene-derived antisense siRNAs can be produced in specific rice developmental stages or physiological growth conditions, suggesting their potentially important roles in normal rice development involving RDR2, or small RNAs from rice pseudogenes might also function as natural antisense siRNAs either by interacting with the complementary sense RNAs from functional parental genes or by forming double-strand RNAs with transcripts of adjacent paralogous pseudogenes, function classification of rice pseudogenes, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Potato spindle tuber viroid replication in the nucleoplasm generates (-)-PSTVd intermediates and (+)-PSTVd copies. The Nicotiana benthamiana canonical 9-zinc finger (ZF) transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA-9ZF) as well as its variant TFIIIA-7ZF both interact with (+)-PSTVd, but only TFIIIA-7ZF interacts with (-)-PSTVd. TFIIIA-7ZF is found in the nucleoplasm and nucleolus, in contrast to the strictly nucleolar localization of TFIIIA-9ZF. The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II interacts with the (+)- and (2)-PSTVd RNA in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RHDV polyprotein cleavage product p58 is an active RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, that has no DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RHDV polyprotein cleavage product p58 is an active RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, that has no DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme consists of the phosphoprotein and the large protein, that are both essential for viral synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the C-terminal fragment can interact with the viral nucleocapsid protein, the N-terminal 50 amino acids of nucleocapsid protein are responsible for the NP-RdRp interaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
comparison of necrotic lesions of wild-type and chimeric mutant virusses
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
The single-stranded RNA genomes of the plus-stranded RNA viruses serve as templates for translation of viral proteins and perform other essential functions that generally involve local RNA structures, such as RNA hairpins. Viral RNA replication also requires a long-range RNA-RNA interaction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
NS5 is the largest and the most conserved of the flavivirus proteins. It contains an N-terminal methyl transferase domain and a C-terminal RdRp domain. The main enzymatic activity observed in extracts of infected cells with endogenous templates is the elongation of already initiated RNA synthesis
-
-
-
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
-
divalent cation required, Ca2+ shows about 20% of the activity with Mg2+ at about 1 mM
K+
Mg2+
Mn2+
NaCl
NH4Cl
-
activity is increased by a factor of about 1.2-1.5 when the final salt concentration is raised to 60 mM by the addition of NaCl, KCl or NH4Cl
Zn2+
additional information
K+
-
K+ exhibits a stimulatory effect at 25 mM, while the stimulatory effect decreases when the concentration of K+ is higher than 25 mM
K+
-
KCl, activity is increased by a factor of about 1.2-1.5 when the final salt concentration is raised to 60 mM by the addition of NaCl, KCl or NH4Cl
Mg2+
-
and Mn2+, both required. Maximum activity in presence of 5.0 mM Mg2+ and 1.0-2.0 mM Mn2+
Mg2+
-
kinetic mechanism for single nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by poliovirus polymerase in presence of Mg2+
Mg2+
-
using Mg2+ as the divalent cation cofactor, the enzyme can use both the first conformational-change step and the phosphoryl-transfer step to distinguish between correct and incorrect nucleotides
Mg2+
Foxtail mosaic potexvirus
-
the enzyme is strictly dependent on presence of Mg2+, optimal activity in presence of 5 mM MgCl2
Mg2+
-
absolute requirement for divalent cation, effective concentration range is 5-10 mM
Mg2+
-
the enzyme requires either Mn2+ or Mg2+ for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. NS5B undergoes conformational changes upon the binding of metal ions. This process does not significantly stimulate the binding to the RNA or NTP substrates
Mg2+
-
in presence of Mg2+ significant activity is observed when poly(A) or poly(C) is used as template and the activity is template and primer-dependent. Poly(G) and poly(U) templates are not efficient substrates. Biotinylated oligoDNA