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Information on EC 2.4.1.38 - beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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2.4.1.38 beta-N-acetylglucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
Terminal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues in polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycopeptides can act as acceptor. High activity is shown towards such residues in branched-chain polysaccharides when these are linked by beta-1,6-links to galactose residues; lower activity towards residues linked to galactose by beta-1,3-links. A component of EC 2.4.1.22 (lactose synthase).
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.38
-
galts
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galactosylate
- synthesis
- alpha-lactalbumin
-
p34cdc2-related
- beta4galts
- drug development
- pharmacology
- medicine
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
beta1,4gt1, beta4galt-ii, beta1,4-gt 1, galt v, beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, galti, galnact2, betagalt, 4betagalt, betagalt-1, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
acetyllactosamine synthetase
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B4GALT1
beta 1, 4-GalT-I
beta(1,4)-galactosyltransferase
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-I
beta-1,4-GalT
beta-1,4-GalT I
beta-N-acetyl-beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
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beta-N-acetylglucosaminide beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
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beta1,4-galactosyltransferase
beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 7
beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I
beta1,4-GalT1
beta1,4-GT
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beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
beta1-4GalT
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beta4 Gal-transferase
beta4Gal-T1
beta4GalT
EC 2.4.1.98
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related
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Gal-T
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Gal-T1
galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-acetylglucosamine
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GALT
GalTase
glycoprotein 4-beta-galactosyl-transferase
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glycoprotein beta-galactosyltransferase
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lactosamine synthase
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lactosamine synthetase
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lactose synthetase A protein
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LgtB-A
LgtB-B
N-acetylglucosamine beta1,4 galactosyltransferase
N-acetyllactosamine synthetase
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NAL synthetase
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thyroid galactosyltransferase
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thyroid glycoprotein beta-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosamine beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose N-acetylglucosamine beta-4-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase
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UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosaminide beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
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UDPgalactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransferase
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UDPgalactose-N-acetylglucosamine beta-D-galactosyltransferase
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UDPgalactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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UDPgalactose:N-acetylglucosaminyl(beta1-4)galactosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphogalactose-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphogalactose-glycoprotein galactosyltransferase
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additional information
beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
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beta1-4-galactosyltransferase
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GalTase
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additional information
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cf. EC 2.4.1.90, the enzyme belongs to the CAZY family 7 of inverting glycosyltransferases
additional information
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HP0826 belongs to the carbohydrate active enzyme family GT25 of inverting glycosyltransferases
additional information
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LgtB belongs to the carbohydrate active enzyme family GT25 of inverting glycosyltransferases
additional information
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the enzyme belongs to the family of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases, beta-1,4-GalTs
additional information
the enzyme belongs to the family of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferases, beta-1,4-GalTs
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
mechanism
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
the sequences of cDNA isolated from mammary and F9 cell lines are identical, thus indicating that EC 2.4.1.38 and EC 2.4.1.90 are non-distinguishable
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
not distinguishable from EC 2.4.1.90 which has identical substrate specificities. EC 2.4.1.38/90 is identical with the A protein of EC 2.4.1.22. Terminal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues in polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycopeptides can act as acceptor. High activity is shown towards such residues in branched-chain polysaccharides when these are linked by beta-1,6-links to galactose residues, lower activity towards residues linked to galactose by beta-1,3-links. A component of EC 2.4.1.22 (lactose synthase)
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
functional role of Trp310 residue located in the small loop near the active site of the enzyme
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
reaction mechanism and structural changes
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
reaction mechanism and structural changes
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
reaction mechanism, structure-function relationship, upon binding of metal ion and sugar-nucleotide, the flexible loops undergo a marked conformational change, from an open to a closed conformation. Conformational change simultaneously creates at the C-terminal region of the flexible loop an oligosaccharide acceptor binding site that did not exist before. The loop acts as a lid covering the bound donor substrate. After completion of the transfer of the glycosyl unit to the acceptor, the saccharide product is ejected and the loop reverts to its native conformation to release the remaining nucleotide moiety
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide 4-beta-galactosyltransferase
Terminal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues in polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycopeptides can act as acceptor. High activity is shown towards such residues in branched-chain polysaccharides when these are linked by beta-1,6-links to galactose residues; lower activity towards residues linked to galactose by beta-1,3-links. A component of EC 2.4.1.22 (lactose synthase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37237-43-7
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9054-94-8
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-Glc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
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95-100% activity
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
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90-95% activity
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc-N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc6N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc6NH2(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
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20% activity
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc6OSO3-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
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100% activity
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAcPh(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAcPhPh(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
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100% activity
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNGc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNTFA(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNTFA-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
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60-65% activity
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
?
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
?
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?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
?
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-
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?
UDP-Gal + 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + Gal-beta-S-1,4-GlcNAcpNP
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HP0826 catalyzes the synthesis of the thiodisaccharide Gal-beta-S-1,4-GlcNAcpNP as well as Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP with total regio- and stereoselectivity, overview
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?
UDP-Gal + 4-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + ?
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?
UDP-galactose + 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-GlcNAcbeta-Bn
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)3-deoxy-3-fluoro-GlcNAcbeta-Bn
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?
UDP-galactose + 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
UDP + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,4-xylopyranosyl-1-O-4-nitrophenol
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-
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?
UDP-galactose + 6-deoxy-GlcNAcbeta-Bn
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)6-deoxy-GlcNAcbeta-Bn
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low activity
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?
UDP-galactose + 6-thio-GlcNAcbeta-Bn
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)6-thio-GlcNAcbeta-Bn
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low activity
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?
UDP-galactose + benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP-galactose + ginsenoside Rg1
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-ginsenoside Rg1
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?
UDP-galactose + GlcNAcbeta1,2-Manalpha1,3-Manbeta-OR
?
an N-linked biantennary oligosaccharide chain, one antenna is attached to the 3-hydroxyl-(1,2-1,3-arm) group of mannose, which is beta-1,4-linked to an N-linked chitobiose, attached to the aspargine residue of a protein
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?
UDP-galactose + GlcNAcbeta1,2-Manalpha1,6 (GlcNAcbeta1,2-Manalpha1,3)Man
?
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?
UDP-galactose + GlcNAcbeta1,2-Manalpha1,6-Manbeta-OR
?
an N-linked biantennary oligosaccharide chain, one antenna is attached to the 3-hydroxyl-(1,2-1,6-arm) group of mannose, which is beta-1,4-linked to an N-linked chitobiose, attached to the aspargine residue of a protein
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?
UDP-galactose + GlcNAcbeta1,4-Manalpha1,3-Manbeta-OR
?
an N-linked biantennary oligosaccharide chain, one antenna is attached to the 3-hydroxyl-(1,4-1,3-arm) group of mannose, which is beta-1,4-linked to an N-linked chitobiose, attached to the aspargine residue of a protein
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?
UDP-galactose + methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-1-O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-acetylamido-beta-D-glucopyranoside
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76% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
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?
UDP-galactose + methyl 2-bromo-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-1-O-methyl-2-bromo-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside
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75% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
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?
UDP-galactose + methyl 2-deoxy-2-benzamido-beta-D-glucoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-1-O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-benzamido-beta-D-glucoside
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16% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
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?
UDP-galactose + N-4-toluenesulfonyl-GlcN
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)N-4-toluenesulfonyl-GlcN
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?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
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?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
-
-
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?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
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for the binding of GlcNAc in the monosaccharide binding site of beta4Gal-T1, there is a hydrophobic N-acetyl group-binding pocket formed by residues Arg359, Phe360, and Ile363 from the ?-helix region in the closed conformation of the long loop, the sugar donor specificity of beta4Gal-T1 toward galactose is determined by the Tyr residue at position 289 in the binding pocket. The two proteins beta4Gal-T1 and alpha-lactalbukin crystallize together as a complex only in the presence of either donor substrate or acceptor Glc or GlcNAc to form lactose synthase. The specificity of the sugar donor is generally determined by a few residues in the sugar-nucleotide binding pocket. The conformational change in beta4Gal-T1 also creates the binding site for a mammary gland-specific protein, alpha-lactalbumin, which changes the acceptor specificity of the enzyme toward glucose to synthesize lactose during lactation
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?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
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?
UDP-galactose + N-butyryl-GlcNbeta-Bn
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)N-butyryl-GlcNbeta-Bn
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-methanesulfonyl-GlcN
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)N-methanesulfonyl-GlcN
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-trifluoroacetyl-GlcN
UDP + Galbeta(1-4)N-trifluoroacetyl-GlcN
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + T-(GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TTVTPTPTG
UDP + T-(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TTVTPTPTG
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pH 7.0, 0.5 mM, 40% activity
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-
?
UDP-galactose + TT-(GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTP(GGA)TPTG
UDP + TT-(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTP(GGA)TPTG
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pH 7.0, 0.5 mM, 25% activity
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + TT-(GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTPTPTG
UDP + TT-(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTPTPTG
UDP-galactose + TTTVTP-(GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TPTG
UDP + TTTVTP-(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TPTG
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pH 7.0, 0.5 mM, 20% activity
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + TTTVTP-(GlcNAcbeta1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TG
UDP + TTTVTP-(Galbeta-1-4GlcNAcbeta1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TG
pH 7.0, 0.2 mM, 2% activity in A549 cells, 14% activity in H292 cells relative to benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
UDP + 4-O-beta-D-galactosyl-beta-D-glucose
-
1.5% activity with UDO-glucose compared to UDP-galactose
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + beta-D-glucosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
-
reaction with 0.3% efficiency. R228K mutation results in a 15-fold higher glucosyltransferase activity, which is further enhanced by alpha-lactalbumin to nearly 25% of the galactosyltransferase activity of the wild type
-
-
?
UDP-glucuronic acid + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
UDP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
UDP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + 2-acetamido-N-(L-aspart-4-oyl)-1,2-dideoxy-beta-glucoside
?
-
65% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + agalacto-ovomucoid
?
-
65% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + agalactokeratan
?
-
agalactokeratan from bovine cornea and nasal septum, at 5% and 13% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + asialo-agalacto-alpha1-glycoprotein
?
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42% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + asialo-agalacto-transferrin
?
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transfer of galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues of Asn-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins in a beta1-4linkage
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
UDPgalactose + di-acetylchitobiose
?
-
54% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + GlcNAcbeta-S-p-NP
UDP + Galbeta1-4 GlcNAcbeta-S-p-NP
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + GlcNAcbeta1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2)Manalpha1-3Manbeta1-O(CH2)8COOCH2-mNP
UDP + Galbeta1-4 GlcNAcbeta1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2)Manalpha1-3Manbeta1-O(CH2)8COOCH2-mNP
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-glycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
UDP + galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
-
-
galactose is transferred much faster to the N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-branch than to the N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-branch
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-(galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-)galactose
UDP + galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-(galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-)galactose
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-)galactose
UDP + galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-)galactose
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-galactose
UDP + galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-galactose
UDP + galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + ovomucoid
UDP + ovomucoid with beta-1,4-bound galactose
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + tri-N-acetylchitotriose
?
-
64% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc-N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
35-40% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc-N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc-N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc6N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAc6N3(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
5-10% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAcPh(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
20-25% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAcPh(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
50% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNAcPh(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNGc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
75-80% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNGc(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
90-95% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNTFA(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-GlcNTFA(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc
?
-
95-100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + Glc-ITag
UDP + Lac-ITag
Glc-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzyloxycarbonylamino)propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + Glc-ITag
UDP + Lac-ITag
Glc-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzyloxycarbonylamino)propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + Glc-ITag
UDP + Lac-ITag
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A Z2491
Glc-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzyloxycarbonylamino)propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + Glc-ITag
UDP + Lac-ITag
Glc-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzyloxycarbonylamino)propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + Glc-ITag
UDP + Lac-ITag
Glc-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzyloxycarbonylamino)propyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + GlcNac-ITag
UDP + LacNAc-ITag
GlcNac-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzylcarbamate)propyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + GlcNac-ITag
UDP + LacNAc-ITag
GlcNac-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzylcarbamate)propyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + GlcNac-ITag
UDP + LacNAc-ITag
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A Z2491
GlcNac-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzylcarbamate)propyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + GlcNac-ITag
UDP + LacNAc-ITag
GlcNac-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzylcarbamate)propyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + GlcNac-ITag
UDP + LacNAc-ITag
GlcNac-ITag is 3-(4-(3-methylimidazolium)methylbenzylcarbamate)propyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A Z2491
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-Gal + 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside
UDP + Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP
-
HP0826 catalyzes the synthesis of the thiodisaccharide Gal-beta-S-1,4-GlcNAcpNP as well as Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP with total regio- and stereoselectivity, overview
-
-
?
UDP-Gal + 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside
UDP + Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP
-
LgtB catalyzes the synthesis of Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
pH 7.0, 0.5 mM, 100% activity
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + benzyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
pH 7.0
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
catalytic cycle: Mn2+ binds first before UDP-Gal, two flexible loops, a long and a short loop, change their conformation from open to closed
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
the enzyme effectively galactosylates the GlcNAcbeta1,6Man arm of the highly branched N-glycans that are characteristic of glioma, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
the enzyme transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
catalytic cycle: Mn2+ binds first before UDP-Gal, two flexible loops, a long and a short loop, change their conformation from open to closed
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
residue Y285 alone is responsible for determination of enzyme substrate specificity, overview, active site structure, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
UDP-Gal-Mn2+ substrate binding structure, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
100% activity with UDP-galactose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminide
?
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminide
?
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + TT-(GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTPTPTG
UDP + TT-(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTPTPTG
-
pH 7.0, 0.5 mM, 30% activity
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + TT-(GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTPTPTG
UDP + TT-(Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta-1-6[Galbeta1-3]GalNAcalpha1-)TVTPTPTG
-
pH 7.0, 0.5 mM, 35% activity
-
-
?
UDP-GalNAc + GlcNAc
?
-
transfer of GalNAc is only 1% of galactose transfer in wild type enzyme. Mutant enzyme Y289L exhibits nearly 100% of the galactose transferase activity
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + degalactosylated fetuin
UDP + fetuin containing beta-1,4-galactose linkages
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
enzyme has no lactose synthase activity in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + glucose
lactose + UDP
-
in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-glycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
glycoproteins containing terminal nonreducing N-acetylglucosaminyl units
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-glycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
glycopeptide prepared from porcine IgG immunoglobulin
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
7% of the activity with GlcNAcbeta-S-pNP
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosamine
UDP + N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme facilitates sperm binding to the oocyte zona pellucida
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
enzyme functions in the coordinate biosynthesis of complex oligosaccharides, proposed to function in intercellular recognition and/or adhesion
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
biosynthesis of keratan sulfate-like polysaccharides
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-neotetraose and probably lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide in addition to the formation of the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc group of glycoprotein sugar chains and lactose
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
main enzyme responsible for the transfer of galactose residues from UDPgalactose into terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues of complex-type oligosaccharides in newly synthesized glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus. Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId, a severe neurologic disease characterized by a hydrocephalus, myopathy and blood-clotting defects
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of carbohydrate structures in glycoproteins and glycolipids
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
biosynthesis of carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids, role in intercellular recognition and adhesion
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the soluble enzyme form from the luminal fluid of the epididymis is suggested to play a role on sperm maturation
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the synthesis of plasma glycoproteins by the liver during secretion, and may possibly be required for secretion of these proteins
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucoside
?
-
67% of the activity with N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regioselectivity towards specific C(4)glucose OH group in the complex protopanaxadiol glycoside ginsenoside Rb1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme also catalyzes unusual galactosyl transfer to the 3-OH position of L-sugars
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme also catalyzes transfer of glucose from UDPglucose to N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity in presence or absence of alpha-lactalbumin, overview, the 'specifier' protein alpha-lactalbumin, which interacts with beta-1,4-GalT forming the lactose synthase complex, EC 2.4.1.2 and changing the substrate specificity to the reaction of EC 2.4.1.90, alpha-lactalbumin is not necessary when the acceptors are different glucopyranosides and, in some cases, it can even have an inhibitory effect, e.g. in reaction with the complex glucosides ginsenoside Rg1 and colchicoside, overview, in absence of alpha-lactalbumin, the enzyme is not active with glucose as acceptor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the transfer of Gal from UDP-Gal to GlcNAc-terminating acceptors with inversion of configuration of the glycosidic linkage, in presence of beta-lactalbumin, the enzyme changes its specificity to become lactose synthase, EC 2.4.1.22, and transfers Gal to glucose to synthesize lactose, substrate specificity, e.g. with GlcNAc-terminating O-glycopeptides, no activity with N-trimethylacetyl-GlcN, N,N-dimethyl-GlcN, N-isopropyl-GlcN, and N-(4-MeOBn)GlcN, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with Glcbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNAc6Sbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNAc6N3beta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNAc6NH2beta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNAcPhPhbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNGcbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNH2beta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GalNAcbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU or Galbeta(1->)3Lacbeta-MU as acceptor
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is part of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi glycosylation network, glycosyltransferase metabolism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
an enzyme orthologue involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids, the sugar donor specificity of the enzyme toward galactose is determined by the Ile residue at position 289 in the binding pocket. The two proteins beta4Gal-T1 and alpha-lactalbukin crystallize together as a complex only in the presence of either donor substrate or acceptor Glc or GlcNAc to form lactose synthase. The specificity of the sugar donor is generally determined by a few residues in the sugar-nucleotide binding pocket. The conformational change in beta4Gal-T1 also creates the binding site for a mammary gland-specific protein, alpha-lactalbumin, which changes the acceptor specificity of the enzyme toward glucose to synthesize lactose during lactation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HP0826 is the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O-chain backbone of Helicobacter pylori
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HP0826 exhibits a pronounced acceptor promiscuity with the most striking result being the successful transfer of Gal to the 4-SH of pNP-4-S-beta-GlcNAc
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with Glcbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNAcPhPhbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNH2beta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GalNAcbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU or Galbeta(1->)3Lacbeta-MU as acceptor
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme activity might be involved in apoptotic pathway in hepatocarcinoma cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
decreasing the expression of GalT V in glioma cells promotes apoptosis, inhibits the invasion and migration and the ability of tumor formation in vivo, and reduces the activation of AKT, the enzyme functions as a glioma growth activator, overview, contribution of GalT V in the activation of AKT and MAPK kinase, contribution of serum or EGF in the transcription regulation of the GalT V gene, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
downregulation of the enzyme inhibits CDK11(p58)-mediated apoptosis induced by cycloheximide, while ectopically expressed beta1,4-GT 1 increases CDK11p58-mediated apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cell surface enzyme promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway via inhibition of the autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor especially at Try 1068, mechanism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tumor beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase IV overexpression is closely associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and poor prognosis, relationships between tumor beta-1,4-GT-IV overexpression and clinicopathologic characteristics, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GTs are a family of glycosyltransferases responsible for biosynthesizing N-acetyllactosamine by the transfer of a galactose from UDP-galactose to the terminal N-acetylgluosamine of acceptor sugars in glycoproteins or glycolipids with a beta-1,4-linkage
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
complex penta-antennary N-glycan structure, detailed substrate binding structure analysis of the wild-type and mutant M340H enzymes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity of wild-type and mutant Y289L enzymes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta 1,4GalT V galactosylates the beta1,6-GlcNAc branch of N-glycans at the cell surface and of secreted glycoproteins, and functions as a positive regulator in glioma development, overview. As2O3-induced gioma cell apoptosis mechanism involves beta 1,4GalT V inhibition, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-galactosylransferase participates in the synthesis of Galbeta1-4-GlcNac disaccharide unit of glycoconjugates, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the specific inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase LY294002 and wortmannin up-regulate beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I and thus sensitize SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells to cycloheximide-induced apoptosis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta4Gal-T1 participates in the synthesis of Galbeta1-4-GlcNac disaccharide unit of glycoconjugates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDP-mannose and UDP-N-acetyl galactosamine are no substrates for soluble beta1,4-GalT7
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
LgtB is the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O-chain backbone of Helicobacter pylori
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with GlcNAc6Sbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNAc6NH2beta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GlcNH2beta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU, GalNAcbeta(1->3)Lacbeta-MU or Galbeta(1->)3Lacbeta-MU as acceptor
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in regulation of carbohydrate composition of milk during lactation, endocrine enzyme regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GalT I is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein, which occurs the plasma membrane of different types of cells where it serves as a cell surface adhesion molecule mediating various cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions such as sperm-egg binding, cell spreading, migration, and neurite outgrowth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta-1,4-GalT I is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein, which occurs the plasma membrane of different types of cells where it serves as a cell surface adhesion molecule mediating various cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions such as sperm-egg binding, cell spreading, migration, and neurite outgrowth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GalT-I plays a key role in the synthesis of selectin ligands such as sialy Lewis, sLex, and sulfated sLex, overview. beta-1,4-GalT-I may play an important role in the inflammation reaction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GalT-I transfers galactose from UDP-galactose donors to terminal N-acetylglucosamine of carbohydrate chains in beta-1,4-linkage to form a Galbeta1->4GlcNAc structure
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A Z2491
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
-
the enzyme effectively galactosylates the GlcNAcbeta1,6Man arm of the highly branched N-glycans that are characteristic of glioma, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide
the enzyme transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine residues of the branched N-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme facilitates sperm binding to the oocyte zona pellucida
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
enzyme functions in the coordinate biosynthesis of complex oligosaccharides, proposed to function in intercellular recognition and/or adhesion
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
biosynthesis of keratan sulfate-like polysaccharides
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, lacto-N-neotetraose and probably lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide in addition to the formation of the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc group of glycoprotein sugar chains and lactose
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
main enzyme responsible for the transfer of galactose residues from UDPgalactose into terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues of complex-type oligosaccharides in newly synthesized glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus. Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId, a severe neurologic disease characterized by a hydrocephalus, myopathy and blood-clotting defects
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of carbohydrate structures in glycoproteins and glycolipids
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
biosynthesis of carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids, role in intercellular recognition and adhesion
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the soluble enzyme form from the luminal fluid of the epididymis is suggested to play a role on sperm maturation
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + N-acetylglucosaminyl at the non-reducing ends of protein-bound oligosaccharides
?
-
the enzyme may be involved in the synthesis of plasma glycoproteins by the liver during secretion, and may possibly be required for secretion of these proteins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is part of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi glycosylation network, glycosyltransferase metabolism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HP0826 is the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O-chain backbone of Helicobacter pylori
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme activity might be involved in apoptotic pathway in hepatocarcinoma cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
decreasing the expression of GalT V in glioma cells promotes apoptosis, inhibits the invasion and migration and the ability of tumor formation in vivo, and reduces the activation of AKT, the enzyme functions as a glioma growth activator, overview, contribution of GalT V in the activation of AKT and MAPK kinase, contribution of serum or EGF in the transcription regulation of the GalT V gene, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
downregulation of the enzyme inhibits CDK11(p58)-mediated apoptosis induced by cycloheximide, while ectopically expressed beta1,4-GT 1 increases CDK11p58-mediated apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cell surface enzyme promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway via inhibition of the autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor especially at Try 1068, mechanism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tumor beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase IV overexpression is closely associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and poor prognosis, relationships between tumor beta-1,4-GT-IV overexpression and clinicopathologic characteristics, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta 1,4GalT V galactosylates the beta1,6-GlcNAc branch of N-glycans at the cell surface and of secreted glycoproteins, and functions as a positive regulator in glioma development, overview. As2O3-induced gioma cell apoptosis mechanism involves beta 1,4GalT V inhibition, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-galactosylransferase participates in the synthesis of Galbeta1-4-GlcNac disaccharide unit of glycoconjugates, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the specific inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase LY294002 and wortmannin up-regulate beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I and thus sensitize SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells to cycloheximide-induced apoptosis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta4Gal-T1 participates in the synthesis of Galbeta1-4-GlcNac disaccharide unit of glycoconjugates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
LgtB is the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O-chain backbone of Helicobacter pylori
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in regulation of carbohydrate composition of milk during lactation, endocrine enzyme regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GalT I is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein, which occurs the plasma membrane of different types of cells where it serves as a cell surface adhesion molecule mediating various cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions such as sperm-egg binding, cell spreading, migration, and neurite outgrowth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
beta-1,4-GalT I is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein, which occurs the plasma membrane of different types of cells where it serves as a cell surface adhesion molecule mediating various cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions such as sperm-egg binding, cell spreading, migration, and neurite outgrowth
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-1,4-GalT-I plays a key role in the synthesis of selectin ligands such as sialy Lewis, sLex, and sulfated sLex, overview. beta-1,4-GalT-I may play an important role in the inflammation reaction
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Fe2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Mn2+
-
the catalytic domain of the enzyme has two metal binding sites, each with a distinct affinity. Site I binds Mn2+ with high affinity and does not bind Ca2+. Site II binds a variety of metal ions, including Ca2+. In the primary metal binding site the Mn2+ ion is coordinated to five ligands, two supplied by the phosphates of the sugar nucleotide and the other three by D254, H347 and M344
Mn2+
-
binding of two Mn(II) per mol of enzyme in the ternary enzyme-manganese-UDPgalactose complex. The affinity of the enzyme for manganese is much higher in the presence of UDPgalactose than in its absence
Mn2+
-
the catalytic domain has two flexible loops, a long and a small one, with the primary metal binding site being located at the N-terminal hinge region of the long flexible loop
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-thio-N-butyryl-GlcNbeta-(2-naphthyl)
-
uncompetitive, complete inhibition at 1.0 mM, 85% inhibition at 0.2 mM
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-methoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-amino-2,4-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-Dgalactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-azido-2,4-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-Dgalactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-methoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
-
2-naphthylmethyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-Dgalactopyranoside
-
5'-alpha-D-galactopryanosyl-diphospho-5-[5-({[1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)thiophene-2-yl]uridine
-
-
ammonium
enzyme activity is decreased in ammonium treated cell culture
N-Acetylimidazole
-
activity is partially restored by treatment with hydroxylamine
p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucoside
-
competitively inhibits the transfer of galactose to glycoprotein substrates
uridine 5'-(6-amino-(2-[(7-bromomethyl-2-naphthyl)methoxycarbonylmethoxy]ethoxy)acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate
-
irreversible, modifies residue Trp310
uridine 5'-(6-amino-(2-[(7-methyl-2-naphthyl)methoxycarbonylmethoxy]ethoxy)acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate
-
-
uridine 5'-(6-O-[10-(2-naphthyl)-3,6,9-trioxadecanyl]-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)diphosphate
-
competitive versus UDP-Gal, blocks acceptor substrate binding by the enzyme in presence of Mn2+
alpha-lactalbumin
-
inhibits reaction with UDPgalactose and N-acetylglucosamine
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
inhibits the reaction of EC 2.4.1.38 with the complex glucoside colchicoside
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
inhibits reaction with UDPgalactose and N-acetylglucosamine
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
cellular adhesion ability of dendritic cells is inhibited by alpha-lactalbumin via interference with cell surface GalTI
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
partially inhibits reaction with UDPgalactose and asialo-agalacto-transferrin
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
inhibits N-acetyllactosamine synthesis in plasma membrane fraction
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
inhibits reaction with UDPgalactose and N-acetylglucosamine
-
N-acetylglucosamine
-
competitively inhibits the transfer of galactose to glycoprotein substrates
UDP
-
treatment with periodate-cleaved UDP and NaCNBH3 results in a loss of 80% of enzyme activity, which is largely prevented by UDP-galactose
additional information
-
the enzyme is totally inactivated by iodination with lactoperoxidase, EC 1.11.1.7. Substrates protect against inactivation
-
additional information
-
inhibitor synthesis and potency, mechanism of inhibition, overview
-
additional information
in vivo galactosylation and sialylation inhibition is mainly due to decreased gene expression of galactosyltransferase, sialyltransferase, and CMP-sialic acid transporter and not due to sialidase
-
additional information
-
development and synthesis of mechanism-based inhibitors, structure analysis, overview
-
additional information
-
As2O3 significantly decreases beta 1,4GalT V expression level in in glioma cells, which increases the glioma cell apoptosis induced by As2O3, overviewoverview
-
additional information
-
structural features for rational design of specific inhibitors, overview
-
additional information
-
the constitutively active Akt protein, myr-Akt, inhibits CHX-induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells through downregulating beta1,4GT1
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by CDP, UDP-mannose, and UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
-
additional information
-
bis(oxalate)oxovanadium(IV), bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV), bis(kojato)oxovanadium(IV) and bis(2,2'-bipyridine)oxovanadium(IV) act as anti-diabetic drugs affecting the Golgi complex morphology and the enzyme activity, overview
-
additional information
-
TNF-alpha and its receptors affect the expression of beta-1,4 galactosyltransferase I mRNA by rat primary astrocytes, downregulation of beta-1,4-GalT I mRNA expression by TNF-alpha stimulation, overview; TNF-alpha and its receptors affect the expression of beta-1,4 galactosyltransferase V mRNA by rat primary astrocytes, overview
-
additional information
TNF-alpha and its receptors affect the expression of beta-1,4 galactosyltransferase I mRNA by rat primary astrocytes, downregulation of beta-1,4-GalT I mRNA expression by TNF-alpha stimulation, overview; TNF-alpha and its receptors affect the expression of beta-1,4 galactosyltransferase V mRNA by rat primary astrocytes, overview
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
alpha-lactalbumin
-
stimulates transfer of glucose from UDPglucose to N-acetylglucosamine
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
stimulates transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to N-acetylgalactosamine
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
stimulates transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to N-acetylgalactosamine
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
modulates the enzyme's acceptor specificity, but does not interact with the sugar donor-binding site of beta4Gal-T1. Instead, interacting with the extended sugar-binding site of the closed conformer of beta4Gal-T1 in the enzyme-sugar nucleotide complex, lactalbumin stabilizes the complex, thereby facilitating the transfer of the sugar moiety from the less preferred sugar nucleotides to a monosaccharide, it kinetically enhances the transfer of the sugar residue from the less preferred sugar nucleotides to a monosaccharide, GlcNAc, lactalbumin binding site structure of beta4Gal-T family members, overview, modulation mechanism, overview
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
stimulates transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to N-acetylgalactosamine
-
alpha-lactalbumin
-
stimulates transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to N-acetylgalactosamine
-
additional information
-
the activity of GalT V promoter can be induced by epidermal growth factor, dominant active Ras, ERK1, JNK1, and constitutively active AKT
-
additional information
-
the specific inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase LY294002 and wortmannin up-regulate beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I through enhancing Sp1 protein expression, and thus sensitize SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells to cycloheximide-induced apoptosis, overview
-
additional information
-
the enzyme regulation/stimulation is a complex system involving the hormones insulin, prolactine, hydrocortisone, triiodothyronine, and 17beta-estradiol, and also the extracellular matrix and the sucking stimulus
-
additional information
-
intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide, a potent inducer of systemic inflammation, strongly induces beta-1,4-GalT-I mRNA expression in the lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, lymph node, hippocampus, and testis, as well as in the cerebral cortex. In the rat lung, liver and testis, LPS stimulation of beta-1,4-GalT-I mRNA expression is time-dependent and biphasic
-
additional information
-
lipopolysaccharide stimulation of astrocytes induces the enzyme expression, overview
-
additional information
lipopolysaccharide stimulation of astrocytes induces the enzyme expression, overview
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Carcinogenesis
Glycosyltransferase expression in human colonic tissue examined by oligonucleotide arrays.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Two specific inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase LY294002 and wortmannin up-regulate beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I and thus sensitize SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells to cycloheximide-induced apoptosis.
Glioma
Down-regulation of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase V is a critical part of etoposide-induced apoptotic process and could be mediated by decreasing Sp1 levels in human glioma cells.
Glioma
Down-regulation of the expression of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase V promotes integrin beta1 maturation.
Lung Neoplasms
Elevated beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I in highly metastatic human lung cancer cells. Identification of E1AF as important transcription activator.
Mucopolysaccharidosis III
Impairment of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA cells by using siRNA: a potential therapeutic approach for Sanfilippo disease.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Glycosyltransferase expression in human colonic tissue examined by oligonucleotide arrays.
Neoplasms
Beta1,4-galactosyltransferase V functions as a positive growth regulator in glioma.
Neoplasms
beta4GalT-II increases cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells depending on its Golgi localization.
Neoplasms
Characterization and immunoassay of human tumor-associated galactosyltransferase isoenzyme II.
Ovarian Neoplasms
[Preparative isolation of human galactosyltransferase. A comparison of methods]
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
beta4GalT-II increases cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells depending on its Golgi localization.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
6.28
galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
-
-
0.43
N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
-
-
0.13
N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,6-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,2-mannosyl-alpha-1,3-)mannosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-(fucosyl-alpha-1,6-)N-acetylglucosaminyl-asparagine
-
-
3.4
N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-(galactosyl-beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-)galactose
-
-
1.5
N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-galactose
-
N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,6-)galactose
4
UDP-glucuronic acid
-
Km above 4 mM, purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
10
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
Km above 10 mM, purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.16
UDP-xylose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.16
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
purified beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.27
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.35
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195R, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.35
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.44
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R226A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.46
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R226K, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.54
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R270K, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.55
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195Q, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.59
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme Y199F, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.6
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R270A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.64
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.06
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme Y196F, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.85
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
purified beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
1.27
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.0007
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-galactose, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.0013
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.0025
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.009
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.011
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-galactose, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.011
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-galactose, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.074
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.22
UDP-alpha-D-galactose
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.0105
UDP-galactose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.087
UDP-galactose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.093
UDP-galactose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.23
UDP-galactose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.31
UDP-galactose
-
purified beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.031
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.044
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.091
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.148
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.28
UDP-glucose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.2
UDPgalactose
-
reaction with glucose, wild-type enzyme and N-deglycosylated recombinant enzyme
additional information
additional information
-
effects of cationic polypeptides
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-value for ovalbumin for the N-deglycosylated recombinant enzyme is 6 mg/ml, and 15 mg/ml for th recombinant enzyme
-
additional information
additional information
kinetics, implications of the oligosaccharide structures on the kinetic parameters, overview
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, mutant enzyme, overview
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1.13
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
1.52
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.003
UDP-glucuronic acid
-
Km above 0.003 mM, purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.003
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
Km above 0.003 mM, purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.01
UDP-xylose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.5
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme Y196F, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.77
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R270A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.82
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R270K, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.89
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R226A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.2
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme Y199F, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.35
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R226K, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.49
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195R, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.51
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.62
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195Q, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.93
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.06
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.17
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.25
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.33
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-galactose, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.52
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-galactose, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.96
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-glucose, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
14
N-acetylglucosamine
-
cosubstrate: UDP-galactose, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
1.51
UDP-alpha-D-galactose
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.33
UDP-galactose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.52
UDP-galactose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
1.14
UDP-galactose
-
Km above 0.003 mM, purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
14
UDP-galactose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.02
UDP-glucose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.06
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.17
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, without alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
0.25
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, wild-type enzyme
0.96
UDP-glucose
-
cosubstrate: N-acetylglucosamine, in presence of alpha-lactalbumin, mutant enzyme R228K
additional information
additional information
-
turnover number for UDPglucose in absence of alpha-lactalbumin is 3.48 and 14.8 in presence of alpha-lactalbumin
-
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4.93
UDP-galactose
-
Km above 0.003 mM, purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.07
UDP-glucose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.065
UDP-xylose
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.47
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme Y196F, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.2
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R270A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.42
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R270K, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.87
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R226A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.88
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme Y199F, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
2.92
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme R226K, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
2.95
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195Q, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
3
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195A, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
4.03
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
mutant enzyme H195R, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
4.17
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
7.08
UDP-alpha-D-galactose
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.06
4-methylumbelliferyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-xylopyranoside
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.28
4-methylumbelliferyl 4-deoxy-beta-D-xylopyranoside
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
1.93
TDP
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.61
UDP
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
0.0223
uridine 5'-(6-amino-(2-[(7-methyl-2-naphthyl)methoxycarbonylmethoxy]ethoxy)acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate
-
-
0.00186
uridine 5'-(6-O-[10-(2-naphthyl)-3,6,9-trioxadecanyl]-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)diphosphate
-
-
1.65
UTP
-
purified maltose-binding protein-beta1,4-GalT7, in 100 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10 mM MnCl2, at 37°C
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.03
4-methylumbelliferyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-xylopyranoside
Homo sapiens
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.53
4-methylumbelliferyl 4-deoxy-beta-D-xylopyranoside
Homo sapiens
recombinant wild type enzyme, at pH 7.0 and 37°C
0.012
5-(5-formylthien-2-yl)-UDP-alpha-D-galactose
Homo sapiens
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
5-(5-formylthien-2-yl)-uridine
Homo sapiens
-
IC50 above 1.0 mM, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
determination of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase enzymatic activity by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection, high sensitivity of product detection
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.5
6.5 - 7
6.8
7.4
7.5
-
reaction with N-acetylglucosamine and UDPgalactose, reaction with alpha1-acid glycoprotein and UDPgalactose
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 9.3
-
pH 5.0: about 60% of maximal activity, pH 9.3: about 45% of maximal activity
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
37
30
-
reaction with N-acetylglucosamine and UDPgalactose, reaction with alpha1-acid glycoprotein and UDPgalactose
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
488947, 488948, 489499, 489501, 489504, 489505, 489511, 489516, 489518, 489523, 489524, 489526, 489528, 489532, 489538, 489541, 489544, 489546, 489547, 489549, 489550, 489552, 489553, 489556, 658111, 660422, 673897, 675370, 675468, 702419, 705337
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
wild type and recombinant enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
expression of beta1,4-GalT-I increases in the cartilage and synovial tissue of osteoarthritis patients compared with healthy controls
brenda
-
of patients with colorectal cancer 48% have down-regulated expression of beta-1,4-GT-IV in the tumor tissue, while 28% of patients exhibit elevated beta-1,4-GT-IV levels, the patient group with tumor beta-1,4-GT-IV overexpression strongly predicts for tumor metastasis, overview
brenda
-
the enzyme is maternally loaded and expressed throughout development, overview
brenda
-
very high enzyme concentration in Golgi apparatus of epididymal duct epithelium from initial segment to intermediate caput, although much lower amounts of enzyme are in efferent ducts, distal caput, corpus and cauda. Even in the initial segment and caput epididymis, only low levels of soluble enzyme form are detected in the fluid
brenda
-
in conventional mice, the beta1,4-galactosyltransferase gene expression rapidly increases to adult levels by the fourth postnatal week. In germ-free mice, gene expression remains at initial low levels and is rapidly induced on reintroduction of luminal microbes of the adult gut but not of microbes characteristic of the suckling gut. Essential role for microbes in the ontogeny of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase
brenda
-
highly metastatic lung cancer cells, elevated levels of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I as compared to its less metastatic partner PGLH7 cells. Essential role for the transcription activator E1AF in the activation of human GalTI gene in highly metastatic lung cancer cells
brenda
-
during differentiation from spermatogonia to pachytene spermatocytes the amount of UDP beta1,4-galactosyltransferase mRNA is reduced to barley detectable levels
brenda
-
beta1, 4-GalT-I iss highly expressed in endometrium during implantation window
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
specific enzyme expression and regulation during the lactation cycle, overview
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
expression of beta1,4-GalT-I increases in the cartilage and synovial tissue of osteoarthritis patients compared with healthy controls
brenda
-
during differentiation from spermatogonia to pachytene spermatocytes the amount of UDO beta1,4-galactosyltransferase mRNA is reduced to barley detectable levels
brenda
-
beta4-GalT-IV is only expressed at low levels in 1-week-old mouse testes
brenda
-
the transcript of beta4-GalT-II increases during development, and persists at the highest level in adult mouse testis
brenda
-
transcript of beta4-GalT-I is expressed at a significant level in 1 to 2-week-old testis and after this stage the level decreases to barely detectable levels
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
localized in the cytoplasm near nucleus and cytomembrane
brenda
additional information
-
subcellular distribution, Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum exchange kinetics, approximately 90:10 Golgi-to-ER distribution, two-compartment model for Golgi glycosyltransferase cycling, overview
-
brenda
-
short and long enzyme form are resident trans-Golgi proteins, the NH2-terminal segment contains the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains
brenda
-
cisternal space of the Golgi apparatus being distributed from cis to trans
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
beta4Gal-T1 is a trans-Golgi glycosyltransferase, Glyco-T, with a type II membrane protein topology, a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning region, as well as a stem and a C-terminal catalytic domain facing the trans-Golgi-lumen
brenda
-
N-terminal hydrophobic segment serves as the membrane anchor, the C-terminal region is oriented within the lumen of the Golgi membranes
brenda
-
the enzyme from kidney appears to be an intrinsic membrane protein
brenda
beta-1,4-GalT I is a type II membrane-bound glycoprotein which occurs on the plasma membrane of different types of cells where it serves as a cell surface adhesion molecule
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
-
the isoform beta4GalT6 plays a role as lactosylceramide synthase, while isoform beta4GalT5 acts as a main enzyme for lactosylceramide biosynthesis
physiological function
malfunction
-
adhesion of blastocysts cells in vitro is greatly inhibited when beta 1,4-GalT-I is blocked with the specific antibody
malfunction
-
decreasing the expression of beta1,4GalT V by RNA interference in glioma cells attenuates the formation of polylactosamine and inhibits the ability of tumor formation in vivo. Down-regulation of beta1,4GalT V depletes CD133-positive cells in glioma xenograft, and inhibits the self-renewal capacity and the tumorigenic potential of glioma-initiating cells
malfunction
-
knockdown of beta-1,4-GalT-I reduces the activation potentiation caused by the overexpression of CDK11p58, illustrating the function of CDK11p58 to promote astrocyte activation depends on beta-1,4-GalT-I
malfunction
-
Lac-Cer synthase activity is significantly decreased in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) derived from beta-1,4-GalT V (B4galt5)-mutant mice, indicating that that murine beta-1,4-GalT V is involved in Lac-Cer biosynthesis
malfunction
-
lobe B depletion of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex severely alters the stability of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase1 (B4GALT1) and alpha2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1)
malfunction
-
overexpression of beta-1,4-GalT-I represses Schwann cell proliferation induced by low concentration of TNF-alpha via ERK1/2 signal pathway and TNFR2, while knocking down beta-1,4-GalT I expression inhibits Schwann cell apoptosis induced by high concentration of TNF-alpha via P38, JNK signal pathways, and TNFR1
malfunction
-
silencing of beta-1,4-GalT I suppresses TNF-alpha autocrine, while overexpression of beta-1,4-GalT I promotes TNF-alpha autocrine in TNF-alpha-treated Schwann cells
malfunction
-
the knock-down of the B4GALT1 gene and the inhibition of membrane B4GALT1 function results in the significant inhibition of estrogen-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells
malfunction
-
gene silencing of isoform beta4GalT5 results in the marked reduction in lactosylceramide synthase activity
physiological function
-
beta-1,4-GalT-I may play an important role in adhesion and migration of Schwann cells during inflammation
physiological function
-
beta1,4GalT II may serve as a target gene of p53 transcription factor during adriamycin-induced HeLa cell apoptosis
physiological function
-
beta4Gal-T1 interacts with alpha-lactalbumin to form the lactose synthase complex that transfers galactose from UDP-alpha-D-Gal to glucose, producing the lactose secreted in milk
physiological function
-
the involvement of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase and N-acetylglucosamine residues in fertilization has been lost in the horse
physiological function
-
UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 and UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase polypeptide1 physically associate in vitro and in cultured cells recruiting one another to the endoplasmic reticulum
physiological function
-
beta-1,4-GalT I plays a positive role in the regulation of TNF-alpha-induced TNF-alpha secretion. It promotes the activation of ERK, JNK, and P38 MAP kinase signal pathways which subsequently enhance TNF-alpha secretion in TNF-alpha-treated Schwann cells
physiological function
-
beta-1,4-GalT I plays an important role in Schwann cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha via different signal pathways and TNF-alpha receptor
physiological function
-
beta1,4-GalT-I plays an important role in the inflammation process of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue
physiological function
-
in Neuro2a cells it is shown that beta4GalT-II associates with glucuronyltransferase. beta4GalT-II enhances kinetic efficacy of glucuronyltransferase. Co-expression of beta4GalT-II and glucuronyltransferase increase HNK-1 expression on various glycoproteins in N2a cells, including neural cell adhesion molecule
physiological function
-
the specific enzyme complex of beta4GalT-II with glucuronyltransferase plays an important role in the biosynthesis of human natural killer-1 carbohydrate
physiological function
-
direct interaction between the enzyme and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor activation in hepatocellular carcinoma
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). B4GT1_BOVIN
402
1
44843
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 5)
B4GT1_HUMAN
398
1
43920
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
B4GT1_MOUSE
399
1
44411
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
B4GT1_RAT
32
0
3137
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
B4GT2_CRIGR
369
1
42005
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B4GT2_HUMAN
372
1
41972
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B4GT2_MOUSE
369
1
41909
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B4GT3_BOVIN
396
1
44371
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
B4GT3_CRIGR
395
1
44060
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
B4GT3_HUMAN
393
1
43928
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
B4GT3_MOUSE
395
1
44084
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
B4GT3_PONAB
393
1
43922
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
B4GT3_RAT
395
1
44031
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 3)
A0A7R8H5H6_LEPSM
535
0
60817
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
A0A7R8GZJ7_LEPSM
231
0
26982
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A170X2Q7_TRIIF
73
0
8740
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A6J8D7X7_MYTCO
262
0
30709
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A7C9DTL4_OPUST
196
0
20713
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
Q7LZ60_CHICK
194
0
22125
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A7R8CAL0_LEPSM
299
0
35559
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A812E5C0_SEPPH
222
0
26103
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
Q567N4_DANRE
214
1
24313
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A3M7PXU1_BRAPC
192
0
21946
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A7R8CRY4_LEPSM
249
0
29201
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A0U5J7B8_9BACT
231
0
26539
TrEMBL
-
A0A7R8CYZ1_LEPSM
273
0
32043
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A7C8YU66_OPUST
136
0
15705
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
B4GT5_HUMAN
388
1
45119
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
LGTB_NEIMA
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A / serotype 4A (strain DSM 15465 / Z2491)
279
0
31904
Swiss-Prot
-
LGTB_NEIMB
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (strain MC58)
275
0
31578
Swiss-Prot
-
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
44420
-
long form with NH2-terminal extension of 13 amino acids, calculation from gene sequence
70000
additional information
-
two related forms of enzyme of 399 and 386 amino acids are synthesized as a consequence of alternative translation initiation. The long enzyme form has a NH2-terminal extension of 13 amino acids
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
monomer
additional information
?
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A Z2491
-
x * 34100, calculated from amino acid sequence
-
additional information
-
structure analysis, open and closed conformation change of the enzyme upon Mn2+ and substrate binding, overview
additional information
-
structure analysis, in vivo and invitro folding analysis, open and closed conformation change of the enzyme upon Mn2+ and substrate binding, overview
additional information
-
beta4Gal-T1 is a trans-Golgi glycosyltransferase, Glyco-T, with a type II membrane protein topology, a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning region, as well as a stem and a C-terminal catalytic domain facing the trans-Golgi-lumen. The two proteins beta4Gal-T1 and alpha-lactalbukin crystallize together as a complex only in the presence of either donor substrate or acceptor Glc or GlcNAc to form lactose synthase
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POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
glycoprotein
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
catalytic domain of R228K-Gal-T1 and mouse recombinant alpha-lactalbumin are cocrystallized in the presence of UDP-galactose and MnCl2. Crystals are grown at room temperature by the hanging drop method. Crystal structure of R228K-Gal-T1 complexed with alpha-lactalbumin, UDP-galactose, and Mn2+, determined at 1.9 Å resolution shows that the Asp318 side chain exhibits a minor alternate conformation, compared to that in the wild type
-
crystal structures of the beta4galactosyltransferase catalytic domain and its complex with uridine diphosphogalactose
-
purified recombinant pentenary complex of bovine M344H-Gal-T1 mutant-Mn2+-UDP-GalNAc-Glc-alpha-lactalbumin, hanging-drop vapor diffusion method, using 20 mg/ml of beta-M344H-Gal-T1 and 10 mg/ml of mouse alpha-lactalbumin in the presence of 10 mM each ofUDP-Gal and CaCl2, with the precipitant containing 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM Mes-NaOH buffer, pH 6.0, and 12.5% PEG 4000, the crystals of the complex cannot be obtained in the absence of CaCl2, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.9-2.0 A resolution
-
recombinant enzyme, crystal structure of lactose synthase reveals a large conformational change in its catalytic component, the beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-I
-
mutant enzyme M340H/C338T in complex with Glc-NAcbeta1-3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol, hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using MES-NaOH buffer (pH 6.0), 1.5 M ammonium sulfate, and 3% dioxane
purified recombinant M340H-Gal-T1 mutant in the open conformation as apo-enzyme, and its Mn2+ and Mn2+-UDP-Gal-bound complexes, hanging-drop vapor diffusion method using a protein solution at 10 mg/ml concentration with a precipitant containing sodium citratebuffer, pH 5.5, and 10% w/v PEG-4000, the crystals of the Mn2+ complex are grown in the droplet containing 10 mM MnCl2, while the crystals containing UDP-Gal and Mn2+ are grown in the presence of 17 mM each of MnCl2 and UDPGal, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.7-2.0 A resolution
-
purified wild-type and M340H mutant enzymes in complex with pentasaccharide GlcNAcbeta1,2-Manalpha1,6 (GlcNAcbeta1,2-Manalpha1,3) and trisaccharide GlcNAcbeta1,4-GlcNAcbeta1,4-GlcNAc substrates, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.9-2.0 A resolution
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
D320A
-
when partially activated by Mn2+ binding to the primary site, can be further activated by Co2+ or inhibited by Ca2+, an effect that is the opposite of what is observed with the wild-type enzyme
D320E
-
when partially activated by Mn2+ binding to the primary site, can be further activated by Co2+ or inhibited by Ca2+, an effect that is the opposite of what is observed with the wild-type enzyme
D320N
-
when partially activated by Mn2+ binding to the primary site, can be further activated by Co2+ or inhibited by Ca2+, an effect that is the opposite of what is observed with the wild-type enzyme
E317A
-
when partially activated by Mn2+ binding to the primary site, can be further activated by Co2+ or inhibited by Ca2+, an effect that is the opposite of what is observed with the wild-type enzyme
E317D
-
when partially activated by Mn2+ binding to the primary site, can be further activated by Co2+ or inhibited by Ca2+, an effect that is the opposite of what is observed with the wild-type enzyme
E317Q
-
when partially activated by Mn2+ binding to the primary site, can be further activated by Co2+ or inhibited by Ca2+, an effect that is the opposite of what is observed with the wild-type enzyme
H347D
-
in presence of Mn2+ retains 0.02% of wild-type enzyme activity, in presence of Co2+ retains 0.085% of wild-type enzyme activity
H347E
-
in presence of Mn2+ retains 0.1% of wild-type enzyme activity, in presence of Co2+ retains 0.4% of wild-type enzyme activity
H347N
-
in presence of Mn2+ retains 0.07% of wild-type enzyme activity, in presence of Co2+ retains 0.36% of wild-type enzyme activity
H347Q
-
in presence of Mn2+ retains 0.28% of wild-type enzyme activity, in presence of Co2+ retains 1.21% of wild-type enzyme activity
M344A
-
in presence of Mn2+ retains 54.5% of wild-type enzyme activity, in presence of Co2+ retains 6.15% of wild-type enzyme activity
M344H
-
site-directed mutagenesis, substrate binding structure in comparison to the wild-type enzyme, overview
M344Q
-
in presence of Mn2+ retains 15.37% of wild-type enzyme activity, in presence of Co2+ retains 31.08% of wild-type enzyme activity
R228K
-
mutant enzyme shows 16% of the wild-type galactosyltransferase activity, mutation results in a 15fold higher glucosyltransferase activity, which is further enhanced by alpha-lactalbumin to nearly 25% of the galactosyltransferase activity of the wild type. The main effect of the mutation is on the kcat of glucosyltransferase, which increases 3-4fold, both in the absence and in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin simultaneously, the kcat for the galactosyltransferase reaction is reduced 30fold
Y289I
-
mutation enhances GalNAc-transferase activity. Km for GlcNAc is increased compared to the wild type
Y289L
-
mutation enhances GalNAc-transferase activity. Km for GlcNAc is incereased compared to the wild type
Y289N
-
mutation enhances GalNAc-transferase activity. Km for GlcNAc is increased compared to the wild type
I289Y
-
mutation of the Drosophila beta4GalNAc-T1 converts the enzyme to a beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1, beta4Gal-T1, by reducing its beta4GalNAc-T1 activity by nearly 1000fold while enhancing its beta4Gal-T1 activity by 80fold
M340H
site-directed mutagenesis, substrate binding structure in comparison to the wild-type enzyme, overview
M344H
-
in the presence of Mg2+ the mutant exhibits 25% of the catalytic activity compared to the wild type enzyme in the presence of Mn2+. Although the mutant has higher Km in the presence of Mg2+ for the substrates compared to the wild type enzyme in the presence of Mn2+, the catalytic efficiency with respect to donor and acceptor has decreased by an order of about 13 and 6, respectively. The turnover number of the mutant is only reduced to 60%
R228K
-
the mutation enhances the glucosyltransferase activity of beta4GalNAc-T1, which is low for the wild-type enzyme, by steric alterations, overview
W312C/P401C
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutations facilitate invitro folding of the recombinantly expressed enzyme
W312C/P401C/M340H
-
site-directed mutagenesis, substrate binding structure in comparison to the wild-type enzyme, overview
Y268G
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme is less active compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y268G/Y294G
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme is less active compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y285I
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation converts the betaGALT1 enzyme into an equally efficient beta4GalNAc-T1, EC 2.4.1.90
Y285L
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation converts the betaGALT1enzyme into an equally efficient beta4GalNAc-T1, EC 2.4.1.90
Y289I
-
the mutation makes the enzyme equally as efficient as Gal- or GalNAc-transferase
Y289L
Y289L/C342T
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant is able to transfer GalNAc from the sugar donor UDP-GalNAc to the acceptor, GlcNAc, with efficiency as good as that of galactose from UDP-Gal, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, mutant substrate specificity with different donor substrate and oligosaccharides as acceptor substrates, mass spectrometry product analysis, overview, the C342T mutation does not alter enzyme activity, but increases the enzyme stability at room temperature
Y289N
-
the mutation makes the enzyme equally as efficient as Gal- or GalNAc-transferase
Y294G
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme is less active compared to the wild-type enzyme
additional information
Y289L
-
mutation of the beta4GalNAc-T1 converts the enzyme to a beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1, beta4Gal-T1. Substituting Tyr289 for Leu removes this restriction and the Tyr289Leu mutant can now transfer GalNAc or other Gal C2-analogues from their respective UDPderivatives, not normally substrates of the enzyme, to the acceptor GlcNAc with the same efficiency with which the wild-type enzyme transfers Gal from UDP-Gal, phenotype, overview
Y289L
-
the mutation makes the enzyme equally as efficient as Gal- or GalNAc-transferase
additional information
-
N-terminal truncated forms of the enzyme between residues 1-129, do not show any significant difference in the apparent Km-values towards N-acetylglucosamine or linear oligosaccharide acceptors, e.g. for chitobiose and chitotriose, or for the nucleotide donor UDPgalactose. The binding behaviour of N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of the enzyme towards the N-acetylglucosamine-agarose and UDP-agarose columns differ, the former binds preferentially to the N-acetylglucosamine-columns, while the latter binds to UDP-agarose columns via Mn2+
additional information
-
covalent immobilization of the enzyme in the absence of alpha-lactalbumin for use as biocatalyst, method evaluation, overview
additional information
-
knockdown of zebrafish beta-4GalT1 by two independent morpholino oligonucleotides results in embryos with a truncated anterior-posterior axis, as well as elongated somites and moderate defects in the patterning of the head mesenchyme, phenotype with the axial mesoderm of epiboly stage embryos being abnormally widened in beta-4GalT1 morphants, indicative of abnormal convergent extension, laminin isolated from beta-4GalT1 morphant embryos is poorly galactosylated, activity is restored by injection of wild-type enzyme mRNA, overview
additional information
-
autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, and phosphorylation of protein kinase B, PKB/Akt, and extracellular signalregulated protein kinase1/2,ERK1/2, which are downstream molecules of EGFR, are reduced in cell surface beta1,4GT1-overexpressing SMMC-7721 cells, phenotype, overview, knockdown of beta1,4GT1 by siRNA increases the autophosphorylation of EGFR at Tyr1068
additional information
-
RNAi-mediated knockdown of beta1,4-GT 1 inhibits CDK11(p58)-mediated apoptosis induced by cycloheximide, while ectopically expressed beta1,4-GT 1 increases CDK11p58-mediated apoptosis, enzyme knockout also inhibits the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and caspase-3 processing, mechanism of beta1,4-GT 1 in CHX-induced apoptosis of CDK11p58-overexpressing cells, overview
additional information
-
beta 1,4GalT V antisense constructs interfere with beta 1,4GalT V leading to promotion of As2O3-induced glioma cell apoptosis, while overexpression of beta 1,4GalT V inhibits it, overview
additional information
-
introduction of human betaGalT into suspension cultured tobacco cells results in the production of recombinant proteins with galactose-extended glycans and decreased contents of beta(1,2)-xylose and alpha(1,3)-fucose
additional information
-
expression vectors bearing the luminal domains of beta4GalT-II and glucuronyltransferase show in GST-pulldown assays that the Golgi luminal domains are sufficient for the complex to form
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the N-terminal stem extension enhances the in vitro folding efficiency of the catalytic domain by several fold, it increases the solubility of even the misfolded protein
the N-terminal stem extension enhances the in vitro folding efficiency of the catalytic domain by several fold, it increases the solubility of even the misfolded protein
-
the N-terminal stem extension enhances the in vitro folding efficiency of the catalytic domain by several fold, it increases the solubility of even the misfolded protein
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, partially purified enzyme stable for several weeks, purified enzyme stable for 1 week
-
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ammonium sulfate precipitation
Ni-NTA column chromatography
recombinant enzyme
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning of the 5'-region flanking the transcription start point of the GalT I gene
-
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expresion analysis, stable overexpression of HA-tagged GalT V in astrocytes C8-D30 and glioma cell lines U87 and U251, expression of mutant enzymes
-
ectopic expression in SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells overexpressing the CDK11(p58) kinase
-
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in HeLa cells and as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
-
expressed in Nicotiana tabacum
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Sf9 cells. Sfbeta4GalT cell, unlike the parental Sf9 cells, can terminally beta1,4-galactosylate gp64 during baculovirus infection
-
expression of mutant cDNA from a patient with the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId leads to the synthesis of a truncated, inactive polypeptide, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum
-
expression of mutants W312C/P401C and W312C/P401C/M340H enzymes in Escherichia coli, the wild-type enzyme forms inclusion bodies after expression in Escherichia coli, overview
-
expression under the control of the T7 promoter in Escherichia coli BL21
functional expression in suspension cultured tobacco BY2 GT6 cells via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404
-
HeLa cells expressing the murine enzyme on their surface spread more rapidly on laminin substrates than do control cells
-
stem region fused to the catalytic domain, expression in Escherichia coli
expression under the control of the T7 promoter in Escherichia coli BL21
-
expression under the control of the T7 promoter in Escherichia coli BL21
-
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
anti-TNFR1 antibody suppresses the expression of beta-1,4-GalT I, and TNF-alpha autocrine
-
beta 1, 4-GalT-I iss highly expressed in endometrium during implantation window
-
beta-1,4-GalT-I mRNA is significant increased 2 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation with 0.001 mg/ml
-
CDK11p58 and beta-1,4-GalT-I are induced in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rat primary astrocytes in a affinis dose- and time-dependent manner. CDK11p58 regulates the expression of beta-1,4-GalT-I by interacting with it. The expression of beta-1,4-GalT-I increases, and astrocyte activation enhances due to the overexpression of CDK11p58
-
estrogen antagonists ICI 182,780 and ER-a-ERE binding blocker TPBM inhibit the expression of estrogen-induced B4GALT1
-
expression of beta1,4-GalT-I and galactose-containing glycans increases in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with osteoarthritis patients and healthy controls. Most galactose-containing glycans and beta1,4-GalT-I are expressed in inflammatory cells
-
expression of beta1,4-GalT-I increases in the cartilage and synovial tissue of osteoarthritis patients compared with healthy controls
-
inhibition of MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and NF-kappaB suppresses recombinant human osteopontin-induced beta1,4-GalT-I expression
-
mRNA and protein expression of beta1,4-GalT-I increases in synovial tissue of a collagen-induced rat model of rheumatoid arthritis compared with the normal group at 10d and 15d after collagen-induced
-
recombinant human osteopontin protein induces the beta 1,4-GalT-I up-regulation in RL95-2 cells
-
the expression level of GalTI and cellular adhesion ability is increased when dendritic cells continue to mature
-
the transcriptional activity and mRNA expression level of beta1,4GalT II are dramatically induced by p53 transcription factor in HeLa cell, in response to DNA damage agent adriamycin, the mRNA expression and promoter activity of beta1,4GalT II are significantly up-regulated
-
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RENATURED/Commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the folding efficiency of the catalytic domain is increased further if the protein is renatured in a buffer that has polyethylene glycol and L-arginine
the folding efficiency of the catalytic domain is increased further if the protein is renatured in a buffer that has polyethylene glycol and L-arginine
-
the folding efficiency of the catalytic domain is increased further if the protein is renatured in a buffer that has polyethylene glycol and L-arginine
-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
drug development
pharmacology
-
beta 1,4GalT V inhibitors enhance the therapeutic effect of As2O3 for malignant glioma
synthesis
drug development
-
the enzyme is a target for rational design of specific inhibitors
synthesis
-
use of transformed whole yeast cells, expressing the human N-acetylglucosamine beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, in synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine
synthesis
-
preparation of a series of specific derivatives of the complex protopanaxadiol glycoside ginsenoside Rb1
synthesis
-
the enzyme is useful as catalyst for quantitative synthesis of Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP, overview
synthesis
-
the enzyme is useful as catalyst for quantitative synthesis of the thiodisaccharide Gal-betaS-1,4-GlcNAcpNP as well as Gal-beta-1,4-Man-pNP, overview
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EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.4.1.38)
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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