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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.4.1.1 - glycogen phosphorylase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.1.1
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.1
- 2.4.1.1
- amp
-
glycogenolysis
- hepatocytes
- lactate
- diabetes
- mcardle
- glucagon
-
glycolytic
-
perfuse
-
histochemical
- pyridoxal
-
contract
- glucose-6-phosphatase
- 1-phosphate
-
phosphofructokinase
- creatine
- epinephrine
- hexokinase
-
phosphorylases
-
gluconeogenesis
- myopathy
- calmodulin
- maltodextrins
- glucose-1-phosphate
- isoproterenol
-
phosphorolysis
- sarcoplasm
-
troponins
- vasopressin
-
amp-dependent
- intolerance
-
debranching
- adrenaline
- pp1
-
gluconeogenic
- myoglobinuria
- soleus
- glucokinase
-
beta-adrenergic
-
phosphatase-1
- phenylephrine
-
2,6-bisphosphate
-
glycogenesis
- adp-glucose
-
inhibitor-2
-
glucose-6-p
- phosphocreatine
- rhabdomyolysis
-
glucagon-stimulated
-
t-state
- biotechnology
- agriculture
- synthesis
- drug development
- analysis
- medicine
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.4.1.1
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
glycogen phosphorylase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
sequential mechanism
-
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
proposal for catalytic mechanism
-
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
catalytic mechanism of alpha-retaining glucosyl transfer, His334 is involved in selectively stabilizing the oxycarbenium ion-like transition state of the reaction, ligand binding
-
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
catalytic site structure
-
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
sequential random bi bi mechanism
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
determination and analysis of rgulatory binding sites
-
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
sequential bi-bi catalytic mechanism; sequential bi-bi mechanism
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
This entry covers several enzymes from different sources that act in vivo on different forms of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucans. Some of these enzymes catalyse the first step in the degradation of large branched glycan polymers - the phosphorolytic cleavage of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds from the non-reducing ends of linear poly(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl chains within the polymers. The enzyme stops when it reaches the fourth residue away from an alpha-1,6 branching point, leaving a highly branched core known as a limit dextrin. The accepted name of the enzyme should be modified for each specific instance by substituting "glycogen" with the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, etc.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9035-74-9
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
regulation of gene expression according to seasonal variation in glycogen content
SwissProt
Gracilaria sordida
banana. Phosphorylase activity is induced during ripening and is associated with the onset of starch degradation. Regulation is mainly dependent on gene expression, and the absence of ethylene perception by 1-methylcyclopropane has a positive effect
-
-
isoform tGPGG, expression levels respond to environmental salinity changes. Glycogen content, phosphorylase protein amount and activity are significantly higher in fish acclimated to seawater than those in freshwater
-
-
-
488247, 488254, 488257, 488278, 488282, 488283, 488284, 488285, 488286, 488287, 488290, 488293, 488305, 488307, 658550, 660457, 672542, 672595, 672611, 672626, 685302, 685551, 685607, 685629, 686041, 687807, 690141, 702235, 704360, 705239, 705944, 718873, 719079, 719081, 719090, 719265, 719407, 719413, 721071
-
-
-
657823, 658272, 677044, 685524, 688279, 688369, 689907, 735768, 735773, 735895, 735896, 736105, 736109, 736378, 736731
SwissProt
cyclin-dependent protein kinase Pho85p controls the phosphorylation state of phosphorylase and thereby its activity
-
-
-
-
-
cytosolic isozyme; var. Star, 3 tissue-dependent enzyme isoforms P1, P2, and P3
SwissProt
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
plants contain two major Pho forms: the plastidial Pho1 or PhoL (low glycogen affinity) encoded by the PHO1 gene and a cytosolic Pho2 or PhoH (high glycogen affinity) encoded by the PHO2 gene
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
malfunction
mutations that impair glycogen phosphorylase activity leads to McArdle's disease which is characterized by exercise intolerance, muscle fatigue, and cramps. The irreversible inhibition of the enzyme might represent one of the mechanisms that contribute to mercury-dependent muscle toxicity
malfunction
-
mutations that impair glycogen phosphorylase activity leads to McArdle's disease which is characterized by exercise intolerance, muscle fatigue, and cramps. The irreversible inhibition of the enzyme might represent one of the mechanisms that contribute to mercury-dependent muscle toxicity
malfunction
-
mutations that impair glycogen phosphorylase activity leads to McArdle's disease which is characterized by exercise intolerance, muscle fatigue, and cramps. The irreversible inhibition of the enzyme might represent one of the mechanisms that contribute to mercury-dependent muscle toxicity
-
metabolism
muscle glycogen phosphorylase is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscle
metabolism
-
muscle glycogen phosphorylase is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscle
metabolism
-
glycogen degradation and synthesis during the diurnal cycle are mediated by changes in the activities of phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. Phosphorylase is regulated by phosphorylation of Ser14. Only the phosphorylated form of liver phosphorylase (GPa) is catalytically active. Interconversion between GPa and GPb (unphosphorylated) is dependent on the activities of phosphorylase kinase and of phosphorylase phosphatase. The latter comprises protein phosphatase-1 in conjunction with a glycogen-targeting protein (G-subunit) of the PPP1R3 family. Both GPa and phosphorylated glycogen synthase serve as substrates for the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 in association with G-subunits
metabolism
glycogen phosphorylase is a key enzyme involved in intracellular glycogen catabolism, catalyzing the first step in glycogen degradation. In the diapause, GPase catalyzes glycogen into the closely related molecule, sorbitol. The GPase gene expression is stress-related and might play an important role in Artemia development and metabolism
metabolism
glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase are the two enzymes that control, respectively, the synthesis and degradation of this polysaccharide
metabolism
-
muscle glycogen phosphorylase is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscle
-
physiological function
-
molecular crowding by 1 M trimethylamine N-oxide stimulates phosphorylase b and phosphorylase kinase combined binding on glycogen particles. Phosphorylase kinase binding to glycogen particles containing adsorbed phosphorylase shows a two-stage character. At the initial stage, limited size particles with hydrodynamic radius of about 220 nm are formed, whereas the second stage is accompanied by linear growth of hydrodynamic radius. Flavin adenine dinucleotide selectively inhibits phosphorylase kinase binding at the second stage, while its binding in the second stage does not involve phosphorylase b
physiological function
a gene disruption mutant shows a twofold reduction of glycogen phosphorylase activity and an increased glycogen accumulation. The mutant has higher survival rates than the wild type after exposure to starvation, desiccation and osmotic pressure. The mutant is compromised in its biofilm formation ability and shows a decrease in the amount of glucose, accompanied by increases in rhamnose, fucose and ribose in its exopolysaccharides
physiological function
isoform Pho1 may play an important role in recycling glucosyl units from malto-oligosaccharides back into starch synthesis in the developing wheat endosperm. Protein and enzyme activity increase throughout the period of starch synthesis
physiological function
the endosperm-specific plastidial alpha-glucan phosphorylase is important for synthesis of short-chain malto-oligosaccharides, it has an essential role during the initiation process of starch biosynthesis during rice seed development
physiological function
-
glycogen phosphorylase catalyses the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate. In the liver this is metabolized further to glucose which is then secreted into the bloodstream
physiological function
-
glycogen phosphorylase is a rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen degradation
physiological function
-
the enzyme is involved in glycogen catabolism
physiological function
-
all three isoforms of phosphorylase are regulated allosterically by binding of several metabolite effectors and by reversible phosphorylation of Ser14. The phosphorylase exists as an equilibrium of conformational states, represented by the active conformation (relaxed or R-state) and an inactive conformation (Tense or T-state). The R-state has a high affinity for substrates and certain allosteric effectors such as AMP. The T-state has a low affinity for the substrates, glycogen and phosphate. Although GPb is essentially catalytically inactive in the liver, the various allosteric effectors that stabilize the T-state or R-state determine the interconversion of GPa and GPb through altered accessibility of the phospho residue to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1, PP1c. D-Glucose is the main physiological ligand that promotes conversion of GPa to GPb in liver, conversion of GPa to GPb by PP1c bound to a G-subunit, overview
additional information
-
phosphorylase a is produced and isolated utilizing purified phosphorylase b and commercially available phosphorylase kinase
additional information
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structural analysis of molecular elements that govern molecular recognition by the catalytic site of the enzyme with emphasis in the beta-pocket environment, overview
additional information
-
the glycogen phosphorylase dimer can exist in either in unphosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase b or phosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase a form depending on hormonal activation of kinase/phosphatase reactions
additional information
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modeling of the glycogen phosphorylase b GPb receptor structure using the 2.15 A resolution GPb-N-4-phenylbenzoyl-2-N'-beta-D-glycopyrglycopyranosyl urea crystal complex, PDB ID 2QLN
additional information
-
the enzyme activity consists of two activities: (i) binding to the glycogen molecule and (ii) phosphorolysis of the non-reducing-end glucose residues. Activity (i) is mainly due to the activities of the two storage sites, which depend on the ionic strength of the medium and are directly inhibited by cyclodextrins. Activity (ii), the total activity of the two catalytic sites, exhibit relatively little ionic strength dependence. Because the combined activity of (i) and (ii) is deduced using glycogen as an assay substrate, the sole activity of (ii) must be measured using small maltooligosyl-substrates
additional information
-
despite a high degree of conservation of residues between liver and muscle isoforms in the ligand binding residues at the catalytic and allosteric sites, the kinetic properties of liver phosphorylase differ from the muscle isoform
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-xylose 1-phosphate
alpha-D-xylose-(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
-
polysaccharide substrate is starch, very low activity
-
-
r
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
(maltodextrin)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(maltodextrin)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
maltodextrin phosphorylase is involved in the utilization of maltodextrins
-
r
(maltooligosaccaride)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(maltooligosaccharide)n + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate + maltohexaose
amylose + phosphate
-
-
in presence of lipids, spontaneous formation and precipitation of amylose-lipid complexes. Presence of lipid also leads to lower amylose degrees of polymerization. Lipid chain length defines degree of amylose polymerization, which increases in the order myristic acid, glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid and docosanoic acid. Thermal stability of complexes increases in the same manner
-
?
amylopectin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
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-
-
?
debranched amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
debranched amylopectin + phosphate
-
most effective primer glucan for chloroplastic enzyme
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r
dextrin DP18 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
detrin DP19 + phosphate
-
prolongation of the dextrin molecule with one glucose monomer
-
-
r
dextrin DP19 + phosphate
detrin DP18 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
dextrin DP3 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
detrin DP4 + phosphate
-
prolongation of the dextrin molecule with one glucose monomer
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-
r
dextrin DP4 + phosphate
detrin DP3 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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-
-
-
r
granulose + glucose 1-phosphate
granulose + phosphate
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-
-
?
maltodecaheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltodecaoctaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + arsenate
maltopentaose + glucose 1-arsenate
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-
-
?
maltononaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltodecaose + phosphate
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low activity
-
-
r
maltooctaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltononaose + phosphate
-
low activity
-
-
r
maltotetraose + 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-phosphate
GlcNAc-alpha-(1->4)-Glc-alpha-(1->4)-Glc-alpha-(1->4)-Glc-alpha-(1->4)-Glcalpha + phosphate
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alpha-glucosamine is positioned at the non-reducing end of the oligosaccharide
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?
pyridylamino-maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
pyridylamino-maltoheptaose + phosphate
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-
-
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r
soluble heteroglycan + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
? + phosphate
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substrate is a soluble heteroppolysaccharide containing a high percentage of arabinogalactan-like linkages but also minor components, namely glucosyl, mannosyl, rhamnosyl, and fucosyl residues, and is isolated from pea leaf cytosol, 3 different variants, overview
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-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrate is glycogen
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-
?
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrate is bovine liver glycogen
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-
?
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
polysaccharide substrate is glycogen, mobilization of glucose 1-phosphate as readily useable energy source
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r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
polysaccharide substrates are glycogen and starch, phosphorolysis is the preferred reaction
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-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrates are starch and glycogen, phosphorolysis is the preferred reaction, maltotetraose is the smallest substrate accepted
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-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrate is glycogen
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-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrate is glycogen, first step in glycogen breakdown removing one glucose at a time
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-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrate is glycogen, phosphorolysis is the preferred reaction
-
-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polysaccharide substrate is starch, phosphorolysis is the physiologic reaction of the starch degrading enzyme
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-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrates are soluble starch and Zulkowsky soluble starch, amylopectin, glycogen, and dextrin, amyylopectin is the best substrate
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r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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polysaccharide substrate is glycogen
-
-
?
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
the cytosolic isozyme is involved in the processing of incoming carbohydrate during rapid tissue growth, plastidic isozyme is associated with transitory leaf starch metabolism and with the initiation of seed endosperm reserve starch accumulation, but it plays no role in the degradation of the reserve starch
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-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
the cytosolic isozyme utilizes amylopectin, amylose, soluble starch, and glycogen as polysaccharide substrates, while the plastidic isozyme prefers starch
-
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
-
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
maltodextrin phosphorylase, preferred substrate
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
preferred substrate
-
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
not phosphorylase B
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
less effective than starch, amylose or glycogen
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
achrodextrin
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
corn dextrin, phosphorolysis at 85% the rate of glycogen phosphorolysis
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
corn dextrin, phosphorolysis at 85% the rate of glycogen phosphorolysis
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
preferred substrate
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
corn dextrin
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
r
(dextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(dextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
phosphorolysis activity ceases when maltodextrins are degraded to maltotetraose
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
glucosylation at 96% the rate of maltoheptaose glucosylation
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
minimum chain length requirement for efficient activity: 5 glucose units per maltodextrin molecule
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
minimum chain length requirement for efficient activity: 4 glucose units per maltodextrin molecule
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
maltodextrin with up to 11 glucose units
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
minimum chain length requirement for efficient activity: 5 glucose units per maltodextrin molecule
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
minimum chain length requirement for efficient activity: 4 glucose units per maltodextrin molecule
-
r
(maltodextrin)n-1 + glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
-
-
-
(maltooligosaccaride)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(maltooligosaccharide)n + phosphate
-
-
-
r
(maltooligosaccaride)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(maltooligosaccharide)n + phosphate
preferred substrate
-
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
potato amylopectin
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
-
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
preferred substrate
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
-
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
glucosylation at 23% the rate of maltoheptaose glucosylation
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
waxy maize amylopectin
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
less effective than starch, amylose or glycogen
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
potato amylopectin
-
r
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
waxy rice or pea cotyledon
-
-
-
amylopectin + glucose 1-phosphate
amylopectin + phosphate
-
effective primer
-
r
amylopectin + phosphate
amylopectin + D-glucose-1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
amylose + glucose 1-phosphate
amylose + phosphate
-
glucosylation at 7% the rate of maltoheptaose glucosylation
-
?
amylose + glucose 1-phosphate
amylose + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
?
amylose + glucose 1-phosphate
amylose + phosphate
-
effective primer
-
r
amylose + glucose 1-phosphate
amylose + phosphate
-
potato amylose
-
r
amylose + phosphate
amylose + glucose 1-phosphate
-
pea cotyledon amylose
-
?
amylose + phosphate
amylose + glucose 1-phosphate
-
arsenate can replace phosphate
-
?
dextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
dextrin + phosphate
-
-
-
?
dextrin DP13 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
detrin DP14 + phosphate
-
prolongation of the dextrin molecule with one glucose monomer
-
-
r
dextrin DP13 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
detrin DP14 + phosphate
-
prolongation of the dextrin molecule with one glucose monomer
-
-
r
dextrin DP14 + phosphate
detrin DP13 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
dextrin DP14 + phosphate
detrin DP13 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
glycogen + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
-
-
?
glycogen + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
-
-
r
glycogen + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
enzyme catalyzes the initial degradation of glycogen
-
-
?
glycogen + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glycogen + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
75% of the activity with maltose, 64% of the activity with maltoheptaose
-
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
rabbit liver glycogen
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from: rabbit liver
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
rabbit liver glycogen
-
-
-
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from: oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
preferred substrate of glycogen phosphorylase
-
-
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
-
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from: rabbit liver
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glucosylation at 14.4% the rate of maltoheptaose glucosylation
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
not phosphorylase B
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from shell fish
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
yeast or rabbit enzyme
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
endogenous glycogen
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from: rabbit liver
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
-
-
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
-
-
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from Streptococcus salivarius
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from Streptococcus salivarius
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
rabbit liver glycogen
-
-
-
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
favoured reaction
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
yeast or rabbit enzyme
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
favoured reaction
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from: rabbit liver
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
about half as effective as dextrin
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from oyster
-
r
glycogen + glucose 1-phosphate
glycogen + phosphate
-
glycogen from: oyster
-
r
maltoheptaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
low activity
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
80% of the activity with maltose
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
the cytosolic isozyme
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
poor substrate
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
maltoheptaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltooctaose + phosphate
-
isozyme I
-
r
maltoheptaose + phosphate
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + phosphate
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
35% of the activity with maltoheptaose
-
-
r
maltoheptaose + phosphate
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
the cytosolic isozyme
-
-
r
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
low activity
-
-
r
maltohexaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
82% of the activity with maltose
-
-
r
maltohexaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltoheptaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + phosphate
maltopentaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltohexaose + phosphate
maltopentaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
85% of the activity with maltoheptaose
-
-
r
maltooctaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltononaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
86% of the activity with maltose
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
cytoplasmic enzyme, glucosylation at the same rate of glucosylation of debranched amylopectin, chloroplastic enzyme, glucosylation at 50% the rate of glucosylation of debranched amylopectin
-
r
maltopentaose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltohexaose + phosphate
-
isozyme I
-
r
maltopentaose + phosphate
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + phosphate
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltopentaose + phosphate
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
78% of the activity with maltoheptaose
-
-
r
maltopentaose + phosphate
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
maltose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotriose + phosphate
-
not phosphorylase B
-
?
maltose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotriose + phosphate
-
less effective than starch, amylose or glycogen
-
?
maltose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotriose + phosphate
-
-
-
?
maltose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotriose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
90% of the activity with maltose
-
-
r
maltotetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
the cytosolic isozyme
-
-
r
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
ir
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
smallest acceptor for synthesis
-
r
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
glucosylation at 22% the rate of maltoheptaose glucosylation
-
r
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
ir
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
cytoplasmic enzyme: poor substrate
-
r
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
maltotetraose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltopentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotetraose + phosphate
maltotriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotetraose + phosphate
maltotriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
61% of the activity with maltoheptaose
-
-
r
maltotetraose + phosphate
maltotriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
50% of the activity with maltopentaose
-
-
?
maltotriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
maltotriose is the smallest substrate accepted for the synthetic reaction direction, maltotetraose is the smallest substrate accepted for the phosphorolytic reaction direction
-
-
r
maltotriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
95% of the activity with maltose
-
-
r
maltotriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
maltotriose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotriose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
-
less effective than starch, amylose or glycogen
-
r
maltotriose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
-
-
r
maltotriose + glucose 1-phosphate
maltotetraose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotriose + phosphate
maltose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
maltotriose + phosphate
maltose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
35% of the activity with maltoheptaose
-
-
r
starch + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
-
-
r
starch + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
preferred substrate
-
-
r
starch + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
prolongation of the starch molecule with one glucose monomer
-
-
r
starch + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
prolongation of the starch molecule with one glucose monomer
-
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
-
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
poor substrate
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
phosphorolysis at 31% the rate of glycogen phosphorolysis
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
phosphorolysis at 31% the rate of glycogen phosphorolysis
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
native chloroplast grains
-
-
-
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
best substrate
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
soluble starch
-
r
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
glucosylation at 32% the rate of dextrin glucosylation
-
-
starch + glucose 1-phosphate
starch + phosphate
-
glucosylation of native starch granules occurs at 82%, isozyme P-1, or 11.5%, isozyme P-2, the rate of soluble starch, phosphorolysis at the same rate as soluble starch
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
ineffective primer: glucose
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
key step in cellular differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
strict specificity for glucose 1-phosphate
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
pathway in starch
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
pathway in starch
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with Schardinger dextrin and cellulose
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
favoured reaction
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
catalyzes incorporation of glucose into alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage on exterior chains of primer, glycogen synthesis is preferred
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Gracilaria sordida
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Gracilaria sordida
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Gracilaria sordida Harv.
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
the liver enzyme catalyzes the forward reaction
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Indocibium guttattam
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with pullulan
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with dextran
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with sucrose
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with ribose 5-phosphate
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
strict specificity for glucose 1-phosphate
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with Schardinger dextrin and cellulose
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
glycogen metabolism
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
bovine liver glycogen, effects of the C-terminal domain on enzyme binding to glycogen, overview
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
usage of four different assay methods
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
no activity with pullulan
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
broad substrate specificity in both the synthesis and degradation of maltooligosaccharides In the synthetic direction of the enzymatic reaction, the lowest oligosaccharide required for the chain elongation is maltose. In the degradative direction the archaeal enzyme can produce D-glucose-1-phosphate from maltotriose or longer maltooligosaccharides including both glycogen and starch
-
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
glycogen metabolism
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
unprimed reaction: lag-phase, product presumably protein-bound glucan
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
maltose is the minimum primer for glucan synthesis and maltotriose is the minimum substrate for degradation
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
glycogen metabolism
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Voandzeia subterranea
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polyglucose primer required
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
the cell volume affects the activity in hepatocytes, thus the enzyme activity is a function of medium osmolarity, activity is increased in hyperosmotic media, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
maltotriose is the smallest substrate accepted for the synthetic reaction direction, maltotetraose is the smallest substrate accepted for the phosphorolytic reaction direction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in storage starch synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in storage starch synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in storage starch synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
phosphorylase GlgP catalyzes glycogen breakdown and affects glycogen structure by removing glucose units from the polysaccharide outer chains
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
mastoparan binds to the enzyme to negatively regulate sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle involving the ryanodine receptor, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme specifically binds to mastoparan, a wasp venom toxin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
GPa reduces arsenate (As(V)) to the more toxic arsenite (As(III)) in a glutathione (GSH)-dependent fashion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
a maltotetraosyl residue comprising the non-reducing-end of a pyridylaminated maltooligosaccharide is indispensable for the chain-lengthening action of phosphorylase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the catalytic site binds glucose 1-phosphate, glycogen, glucose, and glucose analogues
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the assay of enzyme activity at micromolar concentration of maltooligosyl-substrate is about 100 times lower than that in conventional enzyme assays using glycogen
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, no or nearly no activity with glucose, maltose, and maltotriose, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in starch degradation during submergence stress in rice plants
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Pho1 not only degrades maltohexaose but also extends them to synthesize longer malto-oligosaccharides, production of a broad spectrum of MOSs (G4-G19) is stimulated both by phosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
increased enzyme activity increases 5-phosphoribosyl-1-diphosphate availability in hepatocyte cultures and vice versa, glycogenolysis is a major contributor to PRPP generation in liver tissue in the basal state
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme regulates the association of glycogen synthase with a proteoglycogen substrate in hepatocytes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
glycogen phosphorylase is dynamically regulated during and after status in the adult rat, and may have an important role in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
glycogen phosphorylase activity is measured in the direction of glycogen degradation (phosphorolysis)
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificities for different chain length dextrins and soluble starch, enzyme efficiency on dextrin DP4 is approximately 5fold lower than that on dextrin DP14 although kcat on dextrin DP4 is higher than on dextrin DP14
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificities for different chain length dextrins and soluble starch, enzyme efficiency on dextrin DP4 is approximately 5fold lower than that on dextrin DP14 although kcat on dextrin DP4 is higher than on dextrin DP14
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate in direction of glucose 1-phosphate synthesis: pullulan, maltotriose
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity of cytosolic isozyme
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(maltodextrin)n + phosphate
-
maltodextrin phosphorylase is involved in the utilization of maltodextrins
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polysaccharide substrate is glycogen
-
-
?
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
O66932
polysaccharide substrate is glycogen, mobilization of glucose 1-phosphate as readily useable energy source
-
-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polysaccharide substrate is glycogen, first step in glycogen breakdown removing one glucose at a time
-
-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polysaccharide substrate is starch, phosphorolysis is the physiologic reaction of the starch degrading enzyme
-
-
r
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
polysaccharide substrate is glycogen
-
-
?
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n + phosphate
(1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Q9LKJ3
the cytosolic isozyme is involved in the processing of incoming carbohydrate during rapid tissue growth, plastidic isozyme is associated with transitory leaf starch metabolism and with the initiation of seed endosperm reserve starch accumulation, but it plays no role in the degradation of the reserve starch
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
I3QKR5
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
key step in cellular differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
pathway in starch
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
pathway in starch
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
the liver enzyme catalyzes the forward reaction
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Q9WUB3
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Q9WUB3
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
glycogen metabolism
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Q9ATK9
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
P09812
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
glycogen metabolism
-
?
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate
[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
glycogen metabolism
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the cell volume affects the activity in hepatocytes, thus the enzyme activity is a function of medium osmolarity, activity is increased in hyperosmotic media, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in storage starch synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2VA40
enzyme is involved in storage starch synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2VA41
enzyme is involved in storage starch synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
phosphorylase GlgP catalyzes glycogen breakdown and affects glycogen structure by removing glucose units from the polysaccharide outer chains
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P00489
mastoparan binds to the enzyme to negatively regulate sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle involving the ryanodine receptor, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in starch degradation during submergence stress in rice plants
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9ATK9
Pho1 not only degrades maltohexaose but also extends them to synthesize longer malto-oligosaccharides, production of a broad spectrum of MOSs (G4-G19) is stimulated both by phosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
increased enzyme activity increases 5-phosphoribosyl-1-diphosphate availability in hepatocyte cultures and vice versa, glycogenolysis is a major contributor to PRPP generation in liver tissue in the basal state
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme regulates the association of glycogen synthase with a proteoglycogen substrate in hepatocytes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
glycogen phosphorylase is dynamically regulated during and after status in the adult rat, and may have an important role in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
dependent on, reversible dissociation study
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
the 31P chemical shift of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the wild-type was pH-dependent and not perturbed by binding of arsenate. At pH 7.25, it is not sensitive to the replacement His334 by Gly
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
NaF
additional information
NaF
-
significant activation by synergism with AMP, glycogen as substrate; slight
additional information
Na+, K+, NH4-, and Li+ have essentially no effect on Pho1 activity, and no effect by 4 mM DTT
additional information
-
the enzyme is not affected by 1 mM of Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(1S)-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol-spiro[1.5]-3-(2-naphthyl)-1,4,2-oxathiazole
-
-
(1S)-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol-spiro[1.5]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,2-oxathiazole
-
-
(2-[[(2,3-dichloro-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2-[[(2-chloro-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrol-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2-[[(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2-[[(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2-[[(5-chloro-6-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2-[[(5-chloro-7-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2-[[(5-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)acetic acid
-
-
(2E,2'E)-N,N'-pentane-1,5-diylbis[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acrylamide]
-
crystallization data
(2R)-2-cyclohexyl-2-[[(3-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino]naphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]propanoic acid
-
potent in vitro inhibition, reduced inhibition of CYP2C9 and good pharmacokinetic properties
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,9-tetrahydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-7,9-diaza-1-oxa-spiro[4,5]decane-8,10-dione
-
-
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-7,9-diaza-1-oxa-spiro[4,5]decane-8,10-dione
-
-
(2S)-2-[[(3-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino]naphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]heptanoic acid
-
-
(2S)-cyclohexyl[[(3-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino]naphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]ethanoic acid
-
-
(2S)-cyclopentyl[[(3-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino]naphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]ethanoic acid
-
-
(3beta)-28-[(2-[[2-(acetylamino)ethyl]amino]ethyl)amino]-28-oxoolean-12-en-3-yl acetate
-
-
(3beta)-28-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]-28-oxolup-20(29)-ene-3,23-diyl diacetate
-
-
(3beta)-28-[(6-aminohexyl)amino]-28-oxolup-20(29)-ene-3,23-diyl diacetate
-
-
(3beta)-3-[[(4-[[(phenylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetyl]oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid
-
-
(3beta,3'beta)-3,3'-[hexane-1,6-diylbis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-1,4-diylmethanediyloxy)]bisolean-12-en-28-oic acid
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-
(4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,14aR,14bR,16bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,14a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,14,14a,14b,15,16b-hexadecahydrochryseno[1,2-g]quinoxaline-4a(2H)-carboxylic acid
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-
(5R,7R,8R,9S,10R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-naphthyl)-1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4,5]dec-2-ene-8,9,10-triol
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(5R,7R,8R,9S,10R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4,5]dec-2-ene-8,9,10-triol
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(5R,7R,8R,9S,10R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-toluyl)-1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4,5]dec-2-ene-8,9,10-triol
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(5R,7R,8S,9S,10R)-8,9,10-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-6-oxa-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione
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-
(5S,7R,8R,9S,10R)-8,9,10-tris(benzyloxy)-7-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxa-2-thia-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane 2,2-dioxide
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(5S,7R,8R,9S,10R)-8,9,10-tris(benzyloxy)-7-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-6-oxa-2-thia-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane 2,2-dioxide
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(5S,7R,8S,9S,10R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxa-2-thia-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,9,10-triol 2,2-dioxide
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(5S,7R,8S,9S,10R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-6-oxa-2-thia-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,9,10-triol 2,2-dioxide
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(5S,7R,8S,9S,10R)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-6-oxa-2-thia-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,9,10-triol 2,2-dioxide
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(5S,7R,8S,9S,10R)-8,9,10-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2-thioxo-6-oxa-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one
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(5S,7R,8S,9S,10R)-8,9,10-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-6-oxa-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione
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(6aS,6bR,8aR,16aR,16bR,18bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,16a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,16,16a,16b,17,18b-hexadecahydrochryseno[1,2-b]phenazine-4a(2H)-carboxylic acid
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1,3,5-tris-4'-2''-[3'''-C-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1''',2''',4'''-oxadiazol-5'''-yl]ethyl-1',2',3'-triazol-1'-ylmethylbenzene
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trivalent inhibitor. The valency of the molecules influences slightly the inhibition of the enzyme whereas the presence of a spacer arm between the core and the pharmacophore moieties does not
1,3,5-tris[3'-C-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1',2',4'-oxadiazol-5'-yl]-benzene
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trivalent inhibitor. The valency of the molecules influences slightly the inhibition of the enzyme whereas the presence of a spacer arm between the core and the pharmacophore moieties does not
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol
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inhibits Pa-catalyzed As(V) reduction, inhibition of As(V) reduction is not influenced by glucose or AMP
1-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-[(2-chloro-4,6-difluorophenyl)amino]-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
1-(2-naphthyl)-3-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one
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1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-ethynyluracil
-
cytotoxic effect on Hep-G2 cells
1-methyl-3-([4-(2-thienylmethyl)phenyl]amino)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one
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50% inhibition at 0.00011 mM in glycogenolysis assay, no bioavailability in vivo
1-phenyl-3-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one
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-
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1-[(2S)-2-([(5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino)-3-phenylpropanoyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid
1-[2-([[(2-chloro-4,5-difluorophenyl)carbonyl]carbamoyl]amino)-4-fluorophenyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid
1-[6-(acetyloxy)hexyl] 4-(7-[[(3beta)-3-hydroxy-28-oxoolean-12-en-28-yl]oxy]heptyl) (2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
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1-[[(3-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino]naphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]cyclodecanecarboxylic acid
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-
1-[[(3-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]amino]naphthalen-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]cyclooctanecarboxylic acid
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potent in vitro inhibition, reduced inhibition of CYP2C9 and good pharmacokinetic properties
2,2',2''-tris[(2E)-4-hydroxybut-2-en-1-yl] 1,1',1''-(3b,5x,9x,13x,18x)-lup-20(29)-ene-3,23,28-triyl triethanedioate
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2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-O-[(2alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxy-28-oxoolean-12-en-28-yl]-beta-D-glucopyranose
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-
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-({[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy}methyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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-
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-({[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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-
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[(chlorooxy)methyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[(hydroxyamino)methyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[(naphthalen-2-ylamino)methyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-[(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-C-{[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]methyl}-alpha-D-glucopyranose
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2,3-dichloro-N-(1-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamide
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50% inhibition at 0.002 microM
2,3-dichloro-N-(1-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamide
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50% inhibition at 0.038 microM
2,3-dichloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamide
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50% inhibition at 0.007 microM
2,3-dihydroisooxazolyl oleanolic acid benzyl ester
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50% inhibition at 0.0196 mM
2-(2-[[(2,3-dichloro-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-yl)carbonyl]amino]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-4-methoxybutanoic acid
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2-amino-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-benzamide
simultaneous inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glucokinase
2-amino-4-fluoro-N-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzamide
simultaneous inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glucokinase
2-amino-4-fluoro-N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzamide
simultaneous inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glucokinase
2-amino-N-(3-amino-phenyl)-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzamide
simultaneous inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glucokinase
2-amino-N-(3-cyano-phenyl)-4-fluoro-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-benzamide
simultaneous inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and activation of glucokinase
2-chloro-N-((3R)-1-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamide
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50% inhibition at 0.040 microM
2-chloro-N-((3R)-1-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-6H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-5-carboxamide