Information on EC 2.3.3.8 - ATP citrate synthase

the addition of 0.5 mM ATP in the preincubation reaction mixture provided complete protection of enzyme activity from inactivation by diethyldicarbonate

718938

DL-isocitrate

Chlorobium limicola

-

dodovisin A

-

-

dodovisin F

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778904

-

dTTP

-

epicatechin

-

ETC-1002

bempedoic acid

Fluorocitrate

-

Glu

gossypetin

-

GSSG

-

inactivation involves formation of a protein-protein disulfide rather than a protein-glutathione complex

GTP

-

herbacetin

strong noncompetitive inhibitor

Hydroxycitrate

hydroxycitric acid

-

hyperoside

-

isochlorogenic acid B

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

777332

isochlorogenic acid C

Homo sapiens

P53396

noncompetitive inhibitor. The compound directly binds to the enzyme and improves its stability in the heating process

isoorientin

-

isoquercetin

-

isorhamnetin

-

kaempferol

-

L-Leu

-

2 mM, 20% inhibition

lauroyl-CoA

lonicerin

-

-

luteolin

Homo sapiens

P53396

strong inhibitor

777744

luteolin 7-O-glucuronide

-

malonyl-CoA

-

0.4 mM, 70% inhibition

Medica 16

-

methyl 3-chloro-5-(N-(4,6-difluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)sulfamoyl)-4-hydroxybenzoate

methyl gallate

-

morin

-

myricetin

strong inhibitor

myristoyl-CoA

NDI-0911143

-

-

NDI-091143

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

777415

-

Nexletol

Homo sapiens

P53396

bempedoic acid or ETC-1002

777744

-

oblatone A

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778905

-

oblatone C

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778905

-

oblatone E

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778905

-

oblatone F

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778905

-

oblatone H

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778905

-

oleoyl-CoA

oxaloacetate

palmitoyl-CoA

parrotiagallol E

-

-

quercetin

strong inhibitor

radicicol

radicicol biotinylated at the C-17 position

Rattus norvegicus

-

no inhibition with the derivative biotinylated at the C-18 position

radiciol

-

SB-201076

SB-204990

scutellarein

strong inhibitor

scutellarin

-

stearoyl-CoA

stewartiacid G

(3S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,11S,14S,17R,18R,19S,20R)-11alpha-methoxy-3beta,12-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-23-oic acid, moderate inhibition

779254

-

stewartiacid K

Homo sapiens

P53396

(3S*,4S*,5R*,8R*,9R*,10S*,11S*,14S*,17R*,18R*,19S*,20R*,7'R*,8'R*)-11alpha,12-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dioxy]-3beta-acetoxy-urs-12-en-23-oic acid, moderate inhibition. The absolute configurations of stewartiacid K is still open, however, it can be assigned based on biogenetic considerations (*)

779254

-

stewartiacid L

Homo sapiens

P53396

(3S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,11S,14S,17R,18R,19S,20R,7'S,8'R)-11alpha,12-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dioxy]-3beta-acetoxy-urs-12-en-23-oic acid, moderate inhibition

779254

-

strictic acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

-

778904

-

Tartrate

taxifolin

-

tricarballylate

-

UTP

-

vincetoxicoside B

-

-

additional information

Homo sapiens

P53396

not inhibited by ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, caffeic acid diglucoside, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid

777332

-

acetate

Rattus norvegicus

-

activates

488197

antizyme

Homo sapiens

-

antizyme 1 and 2 activate the enzyme through protein-protein interaction

735620

-

Cl-

Rattus norvegicus

-

activates

488197

D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

D-fructose 2,6-diphosphate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

D-fructose 6-phosphate

Homo sapiens

-

potent activator of the unphosphorylated recombinant enzyme, half-maximal activation at 0.16 mM

488221

D-glucose 1-phosphate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

D-glucose 6-phosphate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

HCO3-

Rattus norvegicus

-

activates

488197

insulin growth factor 1

Mus musculus

-

induces enzyme activation in an AKT-dependent fashion

735902

-

NH4+

2 entries

phosphoenolpyruvate

Homo sapiens

-

activates

488221

additional information

Rattus norvegicus

-

6-8 very reactive sulfhydryl groups appear to be essential for activity

33352

-

0.0098

acetyl-CoA

Rattus norvegicus

-

33352

0.047 - 41

ATP

19 entries

0.0308 - 6.25

citrate

17 entries

0.001 - 2.59

CoA

12 entries

0.18

N6-etheno-adenosine triphosphate

Talaromyces trachyspermus

-

488203

0.177

oxaloacetate

Rattus norvegicus

-

33352

1.49

phosphate

Rattus norvegicus

-

33352

additional information

5 entries

-

19

ATP

Homo sapiens

-

wild type enzyme, average value, in 50 mM Tris, 10 mM MgCl2, and 2 mM dithiothreitol (pH 8.0), at 22°C

718938

230

citrate

Homo sapiens

-

wild type enzyme, average value, in 50 mM Tris, 10 mM MgCl2, and 2 mM dithiothreitol (pH 8.0), at 22°C

718938

240

CoA

Homo sapiens

-

wild type enzyme, average value, in 50 mM Tris, 10 mM MgCl2, and 2 mM dithiothreitol (pH 8.0), at 22°C

718938

0.00005 - 0.00007

(4S)-hydroxycitrate

2 entries

0.018 - 0.137

ADP

3 entries

0.00015

Hydroxycitrate

Homo sapiens

-

705004

0.003

hydroxycitric acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.18

oxaloacetate

Chlorobium limicola

-

488189

0.0212

1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0188

1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0075

1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-iodo-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0133

1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.03

1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(3-methylphenyl)anthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0211

1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0029

1,3-dibromo-2,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methylanthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0096

1-chloro-2,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methylanthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0235

2,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-di(pyridin-3-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.000283

2-chloro-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracen-9(10H)-one

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0126

2-chloro-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0038

4-chloro-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracen-9(10H)-one

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, 30°C

756645

-

0.0041

5-methyl-4-[[(2-oxo-4-phenyl-6-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]methyl]furan-2-carboxylic acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication

756189

-

0.0119

5-methyl-4-[[(4-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]methyl]furan-2-carboxylic acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication

756189

-

0.0138

6,7-dibenzyl-5-[(4-ethylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]-2-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication

756189

-

0.01911

apigenin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.0128

austroyunone A

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

778905

-

0.00006 - 0.00094

BMS-303141

5 entries

0.00026

BSM-303141

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

778904

-

0.03376

caffeic acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

777332

0.02364

catechin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00129

cyanidin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00302

dodovisin A

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

778904

-

0.0026

dodovisin F

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

778904

-

0.03163

epicatechin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00031

gossypetin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.0005

herbacetin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00153

hyperoside

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00056

isochlorogenic acid B

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

777332

0.00014

isochlorogenic acid C

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

777332

0.00186

isoorientin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00214

isoquercetin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.04974

isorhamnetin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.01016

kaempferol

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00143

lonicerin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

-

0.00064

luteolin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00147

luteolin 7-O-glucuronide

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.0098

methyl gallate

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

778911

0.00407

morin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00057

myricetin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00238

oblatone A

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

778905

-

0.0021

oblatone C

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

778905

-

0.0112

oblatone E

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

778905

-

0.0081

oblatone F

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

778905

-

0.0128

oblatone H

Homo sapiens

P53396

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

778905

-

0.0051

parrotiagallol E

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

778911

-

0.00086

quercetin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00071

scutellarein

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00377

scutellarin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.0125

stewartiacid G

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

779254

-

0.0028

stewartiacid K

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

779254

-

0.0106

stewartiacid L

Homo sapiens

P53396

at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication

779254

-

0.00024

strictic acid

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

778904

-

0.00254

taxifolin

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

0.00057

vincetoxicoside B

Homo sapiens

P53396

at pH 8.0 and 37°C

777744

-

0.036

Phaffia rhodozyma

A0A0K0NLA0

crude enzyme, at pH 8.5, temperature not specified in the publication

0.922

-

13.6

-

19.6

-

2

26.7

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

488211

3

Rattus norvegicus

-

488214

5.6

Chlorobaculum tepidum

-

488209

additional information

10 entries

6.7 - 6.9

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

488211

7.5

Ricinus communis

-

488198

8

Talaromyces trachyspermus

-

8 - 8.5

8.2 - 8.6

-

8.4

Rhodotorula toruloides

-

8.5

6 - 8.5

more than 80% of maximum activity within this range

658601

6.9 - 8.3

Ricinus communis

-

pH 6.9: about 45% of maximal activity, pH 8.3: about 50% of maximal activity

488198

7 - 8.8

Talaromyces trachyspermus

-

about 50% of maximal activity at pH 7.0 and at pH 8.8

488203

7.3 - 9.5

Lipomyces starkeyi

-

about 50% of maximal activity at pH 7.3 and at pH 9.5

488187

37

2 entries

48

Chlorobaculum tepidum

-

488209

80

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

488211

20 - 57

Chlorobaculum tepidum

-

20°C: about 45% of maximal activity, pH 57°C: about 30% of maximal activity

30 - 35

-

7.6

-

calculated from amino acid sequence

779077

8.4

Phaffia rhodozyma

A0A0K0NLA0

calculated from amino acid sequence

-

-

Aspergillus nidulans 54

subunits; synonym Aspergillus nidulans

719383

Q5BAJ4; Q5BAJ5

UniProt

Aspergillus nidulans R21

-

488216

-

Aspergillus niger

-

704956, 736591, 756253

-

Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015

-

736591

-

Balnearium lithotrophicum

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

-

-

-

-

-

Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Caminibacter mediatlanticus

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Caminibacter profundus

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Caminibacter sp.

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Caminibacter sp. TB-1

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Candidatus Arcobacter sulfidicus

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Chlorobaculum tepidum

cultivar Ponkan

-

cultivar Satsuma mandarin

-

cultivar Xiangshui

-

-

-

-

-

Cunninghamella sp. 2A1

-

718581

-

Cyanophora paradoxa

large subunit of enzyme; expression on Escherichia coli

659954

Q9XGL5

Swissprot

Desulfurobacterium crinifex

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Drosophila melanogaster

-

770279, 777734

-

Fusarium graminearum

anamorph Fusarium graminearum

719545

-

Fusarium graminearum GZ3639

anamorph Fusarium graminearum

719545

-

Gallus gallus

-

33352, 488192, 488193, 488204

-

-

-

Hydrogenimonas thermophila

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

488211

-

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6 / IAM 12695

-

488211

-

Lathyrus oleraceus

-

488222, 488224

-

Lebetimonas acidiphila

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Lipomyces starkeyi

2 entries

Lipomyces starkeyi CBS 1809

CBS 1809

-

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Nicotiana tabacum

-

488224

-

Nitratifractor salsuginis

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Oryctolagus cuniculus

-

33352

-

Oryza sativa Japonica Group

-

758054

Q2QZ86

SwissProt

Persephonella marina

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Phaffia rhodozyma

2 entries

Phaffia rhodozyma NRRL Y-10922

2 entries

Rattus norvegicus

2 entries

Rhodotorula toruloides

2 entries

Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 13

CBS 13

488183

-

Rhodotorula toruloides IFO0880

-

776503

-

Ricinus communis

-

488198

-

Schizochytrium sp. ATCC 20888

-

776848

-

Spinacia oleracea

-

488224

-

Starmerella bombicola

-

776478

-

Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214

-

776478

-

Sulfurihydrogenibium subterraneum

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Sulfurimonas autotrophica

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Sulfurimonas denitrificans

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Sulfurovum lithotrophicum

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Sus scrofa

-

33352

-

Talaromyces trachyspermus

-

488203

-

Thermovibrio ruber

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

686627

-

Thioreductor micantisoli

culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Comparative analyses of the ATP citrate lyase encoding genes from natural microbial communities suggest that Epsilonproteobacteria are the dominant primary producers using the reverse TCA cycle at Rainbow, while Aquificales of the genera Desulfurobacterium and Persephonella are prevalent in the Broken Spur chimney

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

high expression

normal and osteoarthritis human knee chondrocytes and cartilages

strong expression

normal and osteoarthritis human knee chondrocytes

757200

colon

3 entries

colonic adenocarcinoma cell

-

culture condition:acetate-grown cell

Chlorobium limicola

-

as well as in autotrophically grown cells

488194

culture condition:L-glucose-grown cell

Chlorobium limicola

-

as well as in autotrophically grown cells

-

-

-

-

-

-

highest expression in male flowers

-

-

-

-

-

ACLY deficiency in hepatocytes protects from hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia

-

-

-

-

-

ATP citrate lyase-deficient INS-1 cells, which are unable to convert citrate into cytosolic acetyl-CoA, insulin release by 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid is decreased and adding beta-hydroxybutyrate or alpha-ketoisocaproate, which increases mitochondrial acetoacetate, normalizes 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid-induced insulin release

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

lung adenocarcinoma cell line

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

peripheral blood mononuclear cell

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Drosophila melanogaster

-

777734

spermatocyte

Drosophila melanogaster

-

777734

stem

2 entries

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell

-

-

-

umbilical vein endothelial cell

-

additional information

3 entries

acroblast

Drosophila melanogaster

-

endoplasmic reticulum

-

-

the enzyme tends to associate with the mitochondria

-

additional information

3 entries

Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines

Filter by:

Cell Line Links

Gene Links

evolution

2 entries

malfunction

26 entries

metabolism

22 entries

physiological function

Methanothrix soehngenii

105000

Rattus norvegicus

-

x * 105000, SDS-PAGE

488190

110000

3 entries

116000

Rattus norvegicus

-

4 * 116000, SDS-PAGE

488191

12000

Rattus norvegicus

-

4 * 12000, gel filtration in presence of 6 M guanidinium chloride

120000

120100

4 * 120100, calculated from amino acid sequence

736127

120608

Homo sapiens

P53396

x * 120608, calculated, identified by mass spectrometry

704077

123000

Rattus norvegicus

-

x * 123000, SDS-PAGE

488186

125000

2 entries

135000

Chlorobaculum tepidum

-

4 * 135000, SDS-PAGE

488209

200000

Talaromyces trachyspermus

-

above, gel filtration

488203

240000

Chlorobium limicola

-

sucrose density gradient centrifugation

488189

260000

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

gel filtration

488211

371000

Aspergillus nidulans

-

equilibrium sedimentation

488218

380000 - 385000

Aspergillus nidulans

-

equilibrium sedimentation

488216

40000

Chlorobium limicola

Q9AQH6

x * 43675 + y * 65535, calculated, x * 40000 + x * 65000, SDS-PAGE

658601

400000

Ricinus communis

-

gel filtration

488198

43000

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

6 * 43000, SDS-PAGE

488211

43675

Chlorobium limicola

Q9AQH6

x * 43675 + y * 65535, calculated, x * 40000 + x * 65000, SDS-PAGE

658601

440000

Rattus norvegicus

-

equilibrium sedimentation

488200

45000

Arabidopsis sp.

-

4 * 45000 + 4 * 65000, SDS-PAGE

488222

470000

Lathyrus oleraceus

-

gel filtration

488222

473000

Rattus norvegicus

-

equilibrium sedimentation

480000

500000

510000

-

gel filtration

488187

520000

Rhodotorula toruloides

-

gel filtration

532000 - 557000

gel filtration

55000

550000

65000

65535

x * 43675 + y * 65535, calculated, x * 40000 + x * 65000, SDS-PAGE

66000

x * 66000, SDS-PAGE

70000

?

heterohexamer

hexamer

homotetramer

octamer

-

4 * 45000 + 4 * 65000, SDS-PAGE

488222

tetramer

8 entries

additional information

2 entries

acetylation

3 entries

phosphoprotein

12 entries

side-chain modification

11 entries

ubiquitination

Homo sapiens

P53396

the enzyme is degraded by ubiquitinylation

756333

vapour diffusion crystallization

Chlorobium limicola

Q9AQH6

757804

full structure of human ACLY homotetramer in ternary complex with the inhibitor and ADP with an overall resolution of 3.67 A

Homo sapiens

P53396

758520

in complex with citrate or tartrate, hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using either 12.5% (w/v) PEG 3350, 100 mM sodium tartrate, 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) for the native protein or 10% PEG 3350, 75 mM potassium citrate, 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) for the selenomethionyl protein

Homo sapiens

P53396

719880

in the presence of tartrate, ATP and magnesium ions

Homo sapiens

-

718760

tartrate and ADP-Mg2+ bound N-terminal portion of the enzyme containing residues 1-817, hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using 12.5% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350, 125 mM sodium tartrate, 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.2)

Homo sapiens

P53396

718501

vapour diffusion crystallization

Homo sapiens

P53396

757804

vapour diffusion in hanging drops. The protein is modified by introducing cleavage sites for Tobacco etch virus protease on either side of a disordered linker. The protein crystallized consists of residues 2-425-ENLYFQ and S-488-810 of human ATP-citrate lyase. When co-crystals are grown with ATP and magnesium ions as well as either the inhibitor (2S,3S)-2-hydroxycitrate or citrate, Mg2+-ADP is bound and His760 is phosphorylated

G4228R

the mutation reduces the enzymatic activity of the enzyme complex

779023

H305A

2 entries

H274A

Chlorobium limicola

-

mutation abolishes both the catalytic activity and phosphorylation of the enzyme by ATP

488225

D1026A

Homo sapiens

P53396

inactive mutant within the enzyme's citrate synthase homology domain. The mutant traps a (3S)-citryl-CoA intermediate in the acyl-CoA synthetase homology domain in a configuration that is incompatible with the formation of acetyl- CoA, is able to convert acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to (3S)-citryl-CoA in the acyl-CoA synthetase homology domain, and can load CoA and unload acetyl-CoA in the citrate synthase homology module

778699

D1026N

Homo sapiens

P53396

mutant enzyme has 2% activity compared to wild-type enzyme

H760A

H975A

mutant enzyme has 25% activity compared to wild-type enzyme

757803

S455A

Homo sapiens

P53396

phosphorylation-deficient mutant

777420

additional information

3 entries

5 - 11

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

stable

488211

7 - 7.2

Chlorobaculum tepidum

-

maximal stability

488209

30

Homo sapiens

-

4 h, stable

488221

40

Rattus norvegicus

-

30 min, protein concentration of 0.25 mg/ml, phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of enzyme, stable

488195

45

Rattus norvegicus

-

10 min, protein concentration of 0.16 mg/ml, phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of enzyme, 50% loss of activity

488195

65

Chlorobaculum tepidum

-

loss of activity after 5 min without addition of citrate, loss of activity after 20 min in presence of citrate

488209

80

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

stable up to

488211

95

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

-

30 min, more than 90% loss of activity in absence of citrate, less than 10% loss of activity in presence of citrate

488211

a peptide factor stabilizes

Rattus norvegicus

-

488201

activity is stabilized by acetylation

Homo sapiens

P53396

756333

ATP and citrate stabilize

2 entries

chymotrypsin and pronase treatment inactivates, trypsin does not affect the enzyme

Rattus norvegicus

-

488200

citrate and glycerol stabilize

Ricinus communis

-

488198

rapid loss of activity in air at 3°C in Tris buffer

Rattus norvegicus

-

33352

the enzyme is in equilibrium between an oxidized inactive form and a reduced active form

Rattus norvegicus

-

488212

-20°C, 1 year, stable

Homo sapiens

-

488221

-20°C, 20% glycerol, stable up to 2 months

Rhodotorula toruloides

-

488217

-20°C, pH 8 stable for 4 months

Homo sapiens

-

488192

-20�C, stable

2 entries

4°C, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 83% loss of activity after 48 h. 52% loss of activity in presence of 1 mM ATP. 30% loss of activity in presence of 20 mM citrate, 9% loss of activity in presence of 1 mM ATP and 20 mM citrate

Lipomyces starkeyi

-

488187

-

12 entries

ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE), gel filtration

-

brain enzyme

-

cobalt chelating resin chromatography and gel filtration

Homo sapiens

P53396

778699

glutathione Sepharose bead chromatography

Homo sapiens

-

736093

immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography

liver enzyme

-

488185, 488186, 488190, 488197, 488199, 488207, 488214

mammary gland

Rattus norvegicus

-

488191

Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography, Q-Sepharose column chromatography and DEAE-Sephacel gel filtration

Homo sapiens

P53396

719880

Ni-NTA column chromatography

2 entries

Ni-NTA column chromatography, and gel filtration

Phaffia rhodozyma

A0A0K0NLA0

736127

Ni-NTA resin column chromatography

2 entries

partial

4 entries

partial purification from Chlorobium limicola, complete purification after expression in Escherichia coli

recombinant enzyme

Superose 12 gel filtration

Homo sapiens

-

718938

-

3 entries

a gene encoding a fusion protein of rat liver ATP:citrate lyase with the transit peptide for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase is constructed and introduced into the genome of tobacco

Rattus norvegicus

-

488223

expressed in 293-F cells

Homo sapiens

-

735620

expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and in laticifer of roots of dandelion

Arabidopsis thaliana

-

736996

expressed in Baculovirus Bac-N-Blue expression system

Homo sapiens

-

705004

expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells

3 entries

expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha cells

Homo sapiens

-

736093

expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves

2 entries

expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

5 entries

expressed in Sf9 cells using a a baculovirus expression system

Homo sapiens

-

718938

expressed in Solanum lycopersicum

Citrus x limon

-

779077

expressed in THP-1 cells

Homo sapiens

P53396

777420

expression in Escherichia coli

4 entries

expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Arabidopsis sp.

-

488222

myc-tagged version expressed in different cell lines

Homo sapiens

-

706760

48 h after exhaustion of nitrogen in the culture, the enzyme shows marked decrease (84%) in activity. The enzyme activity decreases in a time period of 20-100 h during lipid accumulation

2 entries

CitERF6 trans-activates the promoter of enzyme subunit CitAclalpha1. In the presence of CitERF6, CitAclalpha1 promoter activity is significantly enhanced, with approximately 2.6fold induction

2 entries

enzyme activity increases with dissolved oxygen and upon ammonium depletion in an ammonium-limited culture

2 entries

enzyme mRNA and protein levels markedly (about 2.5fold) and quickly increase in activated macrophages. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma upregulate enzyme gene expression

Homo sapiens

-

735597

high glucose upregulates ATP-citrate lyase expression

Mus musculus

Q91V92

755769

higher levels of enzyme are detected in sera of pediatric patients with sepsis than that of healthy children

Homo sapiens

P53396

777591

highly induced in ob/ob BTBR mice

Mus musculus

Q91V92

756693

highly induced in the kidney of overweight or obese patients with chronic kidney disease. Induction is associated with increased ectopic lipid accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, and albuminuria. Acetyl-CoA is the substrate for de novo lipogenesis as well as for histone acetylation. By raising acetyl-CoA concentration ATP-citrate lyase promotes H3K9/14 and H3K27 hyperacetylation leading to up-regulation of several rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes and fibrogenic factors. On the other hand, the excess acetyl-CoA generated as a result of ATP-citrate lyase induction provides the substrate for these lipogenic enzymes to drive de novo lipogenesis leading to ectopic lipid accumulation, a detrimental event toward renal injury

Homo sapiens

P53396

756693

in mesangial cells, the enzyme is synergistically induced by high glucose, palmitate, and TNF-alpha via NF-kapaB and PKA pathways

Homo sapiens

P53396

756693

levels of phosphorylated enzyme are increased in the lung, kidney, and liver from septic mice, which are inhibited by BMS-303141 administration

2 entries

low molecular weight cyclin E upregulates enzymatic activity, subsequently increasing lipid droplet formation, thereby providing cells with essential building blocks to support growth

Homo sapiens

P53396

756335

mRNA transcript levels decrease during normal macrophage differentiation from bone marrow precursors

Mus musculus

Q91V92

756281

overexpressed in many cancers. ACLY transcription is promoted by SREBP1

Homo sapiens

P53396

756333

phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-altered T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells activate the enzyme. PTEN deletion activates the enzyme in preleukemic thymic cells

2 entries

sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 up-regulates the enzyme at mRNA level via Akt signaling

2 entries

the enzyme activity increases in the first 20 h during lipid accumulation

2 entries

the enzyme expression decreases during lemon fruit development

Citrus x limon

-

779077

the enzyme expression is induced upon high carbohydrate exposure

Mus musculus

Q91V92

777415

the enzyme expression is repressed during high fat feeding

Mus musculus

Q91V92

777415

the enzyme expression is upregulated in gastric cancer tissue

Homo sapiens

P53396

779350

the enzyme is overexpressed in cancer cells

Homo sapiens

P53396

756645

there are about 3fold increased levels of the enzyme in glioblastoma pseudopodia compared to unmigrated cells

Homo sapiens

P53396

704077

transcription of genes aclA and aclB is repressed by growth on acetate or ethanol

2 entries

analysis

Rattus norvegicus

-

coupled fluorometric assay for EC 2.3.1.1 based on coupling coenzyme A production to the oxidation of NADH via ATP-citrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase

drug development

medicine

synthesis

-

metabolic engineering of ATP-citrate lyase improves methylenesuccinic acid production in Aspergillus niger due to an increase in glycolytic flux

756253

ExplorEnz (official portal for IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature)

Expasy Enzyme Nomenclature Database

KEGG

SABIO-RK

NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Gene, OMIM

Enzyme Nomenclature (alternative site)

UniProt

PDB

PROSITE Database of protein families and domains

InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)