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Information on EC 2.1.1.95 - tocopherol C-methyltransferase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.1.1.95
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EC Tree 2 Transferases
2.1 Transferring one-carbon groups
2.1.1 Methyltransferases
2.1.1.95 tocopherol C-methyltransferase
IUBMB Comments
The enzymes from plants and photosynthetic bacteria have similar efficiency with the γ and δ isomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 2.1.1.95
- alpha-tocopherol
-
lipophilic
-
delta-t
- beta-tocopherols
-
brassica
- homogentisate
-
nitrotyrosine
-
alpha-t
-
phytyltransferase
-
lipid-soluble
-
chlorophyl
- biotechnology
- nutrition
- synthesis
Reaction Schemes
showSynonyms
gamma-tmt, gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase, gammatmt, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
gamma-TLMT
gamma-TMT
gamma-TMT1
gamma-TMT3
gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase
gamma-tocopherol-like N-methyltransferase
gammaTMT
PiNMT
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:gamma-tocopherol 5-O-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
TMT
tocopherol O-methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
(2)
-
-
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocotrienol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocotrienol
(4)
-
-
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
(1)
-
-
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocotrienol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocotrienol
(3)
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
methyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
MetaCyc
vitamin E biosynthesis (tocopherols), vitamin E biosynthesis (tocotrienols)
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:gamma-tocopherol 5-C-methyltransferase
The enzymes from plants and photosynthetic bacteria have similar efficiency with the gamma and delta isomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
84788-82-9
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-beta-alanyl-gamma-tocopherol
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + beta-tocopherol
?
-
Substrates: 70% as effective as gamma-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + beta-tocopherol
?
-
Substrates: 28% as effective as gamma-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
Substrates: the enzyme has a similar affinity for gamma- and delta-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
Substrates: the enzyme has a similar affinity for gamma- and delta-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
-
Substrates: 35% as effective as gamma-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
-
Substrates: 16% as effective as gamma-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: iso-ordered bi-bi type reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: the enzyme has a similar affinity for gamma- and delta-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: the enzyme has a similar affinity for gamma- and delta-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: high enzyme activity and alpha-tocopherol contents in cv. Keszthelyi A.S., lower in cv. Ichihime
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: the ratio of alpha- to gamma-tocopherol is tissue-dependent in tobacco
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocotrienol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocotrienol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocotrienol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocotrienol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + picrinine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylpicrinine
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + picrinine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylpicrinine
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: beta-tocopherol not accepted as substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: beta-tocopherol not accepted as substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: beta-tocopherol not accepted as substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + delta-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + beta-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: high enzyme activity and alpha-tocopherol contents in cv. Keszthelyi A.S., lower in cv. Ichihime
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: the ratio of alpha- to gamma-tocopherol is tissue-dependent in tobacco
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: biosynthesis of alpha-tocopherol
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocopherol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocopherol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocotrienol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocotrienol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gamma-tocotrienol
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + alpha-tocotrienol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-beta-alanyl-gamma-tocopherol
-
in presence of ultraviolet light
additional information
-
salt and oxidative stress leads to reduced alpha-tocopherol and increased gamma-tocopherol levels
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Adenocarcinoma
A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols inhibits colon inflammation and carcinogenesis in azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice.
Adenoma
A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols inhibits colon inflammation and carcinogenesis in azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice.
Carcinogenesis
A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols inhibits chemically induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and xenograft tumor growth.
Carcinogenesis
A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols inhibits colon inflammation and carcinogenesis in azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice.
Carcinogenesis
Inhibition of inflammation and carcinogenesis in the lung and colon by tocopherols.
Lung Neoplasms
A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols inhibits chemically induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and xenograft tumor growth.
Lung Neoplasms
Inhibition of inflammation and carcinogenesis in the lung and colon by tocopherols.
Neoplasms
A gamma-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols inhibits chemically induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and xenograft tumor growth.
Neoplasms
Inhibition of inflammation and carcinogenesis in the lung and colon by tocopherols.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0028
delta-tocopherol
in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 5 mM dithiothreitol, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0018
gamma-tocopherol
in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 5 mM dithiothreitol, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0087
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 5 mM dithiothreitol, temperature not specified in the publication
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
quantitative analysis of enzyme activity in different cultivars of Glycine max, overview
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5.5 - 10
6 - 9
about 60% activity at pH 6.0, about 50% activity at pH 9.0
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
22
34
35
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30 - 50
about 60% activity at 30°C, about 55% activity at 50°C
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
two gamma-TMT paralogs (gamma-TMT-1 and gamma-TMT-2) isolated, different enzyme mutants identified which are completely or partially inactive
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Cell Line LinksPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
the absence of enzyme activity leads to more vulnerability towards different water treatments (frequency) in comparison with wild type
metabolism
physiological function
metabolism
the enzyme catalyzes the final step in vitamin E biosynthesis. Enzyme overexpression has no effect on the absolute total content of either tocopherols or tocotrienols
metabolism
-
final enzyme involved in tocopherol and tocotrienol biosynthesis. The enzyme is the major genetic factor for alpha-tocopherol content differences between japonica and indica rice subspecies
metabolism
-
final enzyme involved in tocopherol and tocotrienol biosynthesis. The enzyme is the major genetic factor for alpha-tocopherol content differences between japonica and indica rice subspecies
metabolism
-
the enzyme regulates tocopherol and fatty acid biosynthesis and salt tolerance in Brassica napus. Overexpression of BnaC02.TMT.a mediates an increase in the alpha- and total tocopherol content in transgenic Brassica napus seeds. BnaC02.TMT.a promotes the expression of BnFAD2 and BnFAD3, which are involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids during seed development. BnaC02.TMT.a enhances the tolerance to salt stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) during seed germination in Brassica napus. BnaC02.TMT.a could affect the tocopherol content and fatty acid composition and play a positive role in regulating the rapeseed response to salt stress by modulating the ROS scavenging system
physiological function
-
total phenolic compounds increase in transgenic plants overexpressing the enzyme mainly because of the increase in 12 major phenolic compounds, namely, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, t-cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, veratric acid, salicylic acid, homogentisic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol. Overexpression of the enzyme disrupts the metabolism of phenolic compounds and subsequently produces biochemical changes in the overexpressing transgenic plants
physiological function
-
expression of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase in chloroplasts results in massive proliferation of the inner envelope membrane and decreases susceptibility to salt and metal-induced oxidative stresses by reducing reactive oxygen species
physiological function
-
leaf senescence is inhibited in enzyme overexpression alfalfa under dark. Enzyme overexpression increases alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol content in leaves of alfalfa
physiological function
-
enzyme overexpression increases the alpha-tocopherol content 4-5fold in transgenic Arabidopsis and around 6.5fold in transgenic maize kernels, and increases the alpha-/gamma-tocopherol ratio to approximately 15 and 17, respectively
physiological function
-
the enzyme is related to resistance of abiotic adversity stress
physiological function
the enzyme converts gamma-tocopherol to alpha-tocopherol, the rate limiting step in toc biosynthesis
physiological function
-
gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase catalyzes the formation of alpha-tocopherol in the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway. alpha-Tocopherol is one of the most important vitamin E components present in plant. alpha-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant, which can deactivate photoproduced reactive oxygen species and prevent lipids from oxidation when plants suffer drought stress. MsTMT gene plays a positive role in regulating alfalfa response to PEGsimulated drought stress, which might involve complex mechanisms, including ROS scavenging system, stomatal development and multiple phytohormone signaling pathways
physiological function
ZmVTE4 is a key enzyme for the regulation of vitamin E and folic acid level in maize kernel
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). I1LP31_SOYBN
296
0
32889
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
Q1HBJ5_BRANA
347
0
38217
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37000
38100
x * 38100, calculated, x * 39000, SDS-PAGE of His-tagged protein lacking majority of plastidial signal sequence
39000
x * 38100, calculated, x * 39000, SDS-PAGE of His-tagged protein lacking majority of plastidial signal sequence
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
monomer
?
x * 38100, calculated, x * 39000, SDS-PAGE of His-tagged protein lacking majority of plastidial signal sequence
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
a Solanum tuberosum cDNA fragment gamma-TMT is introduced into intron-spliced hairpin RNA, RNAi, silencing construct driven by the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. RNAi knockdown of gamma-TMT results in an up to 95% reduction of alpha-tocopherol in leaves of transgenic plants, which is almost quantitatively compensated for by an increase in gamma-tocopherol. gamma-TMT-silenced plants show an improved performance when challenged with sorbitol or methyl viologen, but salt tolerance of gamma-TMT transgenic plants is strongly decreased, compared to the wild-type plants, phenotype, overview
additional information
overexpression of the enzyme leads to increased alpha-tocopherol content in transgenic Glycine max plant seeds, 10.4fold increased alpha-tocopherol content and 14.9fold increased beta-tocopherol content in T2 seeds, tocopherol contents in the seeds from T0 and T1 transgenic soybean plants, overview
additional information
-
overexpression of the enzyme leads to increased alpha-tocopherol content in transgenic Glycine max plant seeds, 10.4fold increased alpha-tocopherol content and 14.9fold increased beta-tocopherol content in T2 seeds, tocopherol contents in the seeds from T0 and T1 transgenic soybean plants, overview
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6 - 10
the enzyme is stable above pH 6.0 (more than 90% activity), even at alkaline pH 10.0
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
4 - 45
the enzyme is stable at 4°C, shows about 80% activity after 10 min at 30-35°C, about 60% activity after 10 min at 40°C, and is completely inactivated after 10 min at 45°C
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
complete inactivation within 72 h at 4°C, half time for inactivation is 30 h
-
very labile in absence of MnCl2, complete inactivation within 36 h at 4°C, 50% loss of activity after 7 h at 4°C, stabilized by addition of 1 mM MnCl2, only 15% loss of activity after 90 h at 4°C
-
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
coexpressed with barley homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase in somatic embryos of soybean (Glycine max cultivar Jack)
-
cv. Keszthelyi A.S. and cv. Ichihime, crossbreeding, expression analysis, and genotyping
-
expressed in endosperm of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar Wuyujing 3
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Glycine max cultivars Pusa 16, PK 416, Gujarat soybean 1, and VL soya 1
-
expressed in soybean using a seed specific promoter, transgenic seeds contain a drastically enhanced amount of alpha-tocopherol compared with native seeds
gene PfTMT, overexpression in transgenic Glycine max plant seeds cloned in the pCAMBIA1304 binary vector under a seed-specific promoter, vicilin and the poly A sequence from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens octopine synthase gene
transformed into EHA105 competent cells (Agrobacterium strain) and then expressed transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana plants
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme expression is downregulated (to 40%) by low temperature (10C)
enzyme expression is strongly (about 80%) upregulated by high light
expression of the enzyme is higher in the immature cotyledons than in the mature cotyledons, while no expression is detected in the leaves
enzyme expression is downregulated (to 40%) by low temperature (10C)
enzyme expression is downregulated (to 40%) by low temperature (10C)
-
-
enzyme expression is strongly (about 80%) upregulated by high light
enzyme expression is strongly (about 80%) upregulated by high light
-
-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
biotechnology
overexpression of enzyme in Latuca sativa results in higher enzyme activity and the conversion of the gamma-tocopherol pool to alpha-tocopherol in transgenic lettuce
nutrition
increase in the alpha-tocopherol content in the soybean seed, due to transgenically modulated enzyme activity, could have a potential to significantly increase the dietary intake of vitamin E
synthesis
introducing the enzyme into soybean can be used to increase the vitamin E composition in seeds
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Camara, B.; D'Harlingue, A.
Demonstration and solubilization of S-adenosylmethionine:gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase from Capsicum chromoplasts
Plant Cell Rep.
4
31-32
1985
Capsicum annuum
brenda
Camara, B.; Bardat, F.; Seye, A.; D'Harlingue, A.; Moneger, R.
Terpenoid metabolism in plastids. Localization of alpha-tocopherol synthesis in Capsicum chromoplasts
Plant Physiol.
70
1562-1563
1982
Capsicum annuum
brenda
Camara, B.
S-Adenosylmethionine:gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (Capsicum chromoplasts)
Methods Enzymol.
111
544-547
1985
Capsicum annuum
-
brenda
D'Harlingue, A.; Camara, B.
Plastid enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis. Purification and characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase from Capsicum chromoplasts
J. Biol. Chem.
260
15200-15203
1985
Capsicum annuum
brenda
Shigeoka, S.; Ishiko, H.; Nakano, Y.; Mitsunaga, T.
Isolation and properties of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase in Euglena gracilis
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1128
220-226
1992
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Ishiko, H.; Shigeoka, S.; Nakano, Y.; Mitsunaga, T.
Some properties of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase solubilized from spinach chloroplasts
Phytochemistry
31
1499-1500
1992
Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Koch, M.; Arango, Y.; Mock, H.P.; Heise, K.P.
Factors influencing a-tocopherol synthesis in pepper fruits
J. Plant Physiol.
159
1015-1019
2002
Capsicum annuum
-
brenda
Koch, M.; Lemke, R.; Heise, K.P.; Mock, H.P.
Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L. and Arabidopsis thaliana
Eur. J. Biochem.
270
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2003
Arabidopsis thaliana, Capsicum annuum
brenda
Cho, E.A.; Lee, C.A.; Kim, Y.S.; Baek, S.H.; de los Reyes, B.G.; Yun, S.J.
Expression of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase transgene improves tocopherol composition in lettuce (Latuca sativa L.)
Mol. Cells
19
16-22
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZSK1), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Ouyang, Q.; Fan, C.; Sun, H.; Zhang, Y.; Bai, S.; Cai, W.
Cloning and analysis of a gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase gene from Brassica oleracea and the function of its recombinant protein
Prog. Nat. Sci.
13
511-516
2003
Brassica oleracea (Q8GZS9)
-
brenda
Tavva, V.S.; Kim, Y.H.; Kagan, I.A.; Dinkins, R.D.; Kim, K.H.; Collins, G.B.
Increased alpha-tocopherol content in soybean seed overexpressing the Perilla frutescens gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase gene
Plant Cell Rep.
26
61-70
2007
Perilla frutescens (Q8VWX2), Perilla frutescens
brenda
Hass, C.G.; Tang, S.; Leonard, S.; Traber, M.G.; Miller, J.F.; Knapp, S.J.
Three non-allelic epistatically interacting methyltransferase mutations produce novel tocopherol (vitamin E) profiles in sunflower
Theor. Appl. Genet.
113
767-782
2006
Helianthus annuus
brenda
Dwiyanti, M.S.; Ujiie, A.; Thuy, L.T.; Yamada, T.; Kitamura, K.
Genetic analysis of high alpha-tocopherol content in soybean seeds
Breed. Sci.
57
23-28
2007
Glycine max
-
brenda
Abbasi, A.R.; Hajirezaei, M.; Hofius, D.; Sonnewald, U.; Voll, L.M.
Specific roles of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in abiotic stress responses of transgenic tobacco
Plant Physiol.
143
1720-1738
2007
Nicotiana tabacum
brenda
Chen, D.; Zhang, M.; Wang, Y.; Chen, X.
Expression of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase gene from Brassica napus increased alpha-tocopherol content in soybean seed
Biol. Plant.
56
131-134
2012
Brassica napus (Q1HBJ5)
-
brenda
Tang, Y.L.; Ren, W.W.; Zhang, L.; Tang, K.X.
Molecular cloning and characterization of gene coding for gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase from lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Genet. Mol. Res.
10
3204-3212
2011
Lactuca sativa
brenda
Galvez-Valdivieso, G.; Cardenosa, R.; Vera, J.M.; Pineda, M.; Aguilar, M.
gamma-Tocopherol methyltransferase from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: functional characterization and expression analysis
Physiol. Plant.
143
316-328
2011
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Q5CB51), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 6145c (Q5CB51)
brenda
Ghimire, B.; Seong, E.; Goh, E.; Kang, E.; Ahn, J.; Yu, C.; Chung, I.
Improving antioxidant activity in transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata plants via overexpression of the gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-tmt) gene
Plant Growth Regul.
63
1-6
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
brenda
Zhang, G.Y.; Liu, R.R.; Xu, G.; Zhang, P.; Li, Y.; Tang, K.X.; Liang, G.H.; Liu, Q.Q.
Increased alpha-tocotrienol content in seeds of transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase
Transgenic Res.
22
89-99
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZSK1)
brenda
Arun, M.; Subramanyam, K.; Theboral, J.; Sivanandhan, G.; Rajesh, M.; Kapil Dev, G.; Jaganath, B.; Manickavasagam, M.; Girija, S.; Ganapathi, A.
Transfer and targeted overexpression of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-TMT) gene using seed-specific promoter improves tocopherol composition in Indian soybean cultivars
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
172
1763-1776
2014
Perilla frutescens
brenda
Jin, S.; Daniell, H.
Expression of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase in chloroplasts results in massive proliferation of the inner envelope membrane and decreases susceptibility to salt and metal-induced oxidative stresses by reducing reactive oxygen species
Plant Biotechnol. J.
12
1274-1285
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Ghimire, B.K.; Seong, E.S.; Lee, C.O.; Lee, J.G.; Yu, C.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Chung, I.M.
Improved antioxidant activity in transgenic Perilla frutescens plants via overexpression of the gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-tmt) gene
Protoplasma
252
1285-1290
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Ghimire, B.K.; Son, N.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Yu, C.Y.; Chung, I.M.
Evaluating water deficit and glyphosate treatment on the accumulation of phenolic compounds and photosynthesis rate in transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Trautv. over-expressing gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-tmt) gene
3 Biotech
7
167
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Park, C.; Dwiyanti, M.S.; Nagano, A.J.; Liu, B.; Yamada, T.; Abe, J.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for increased gamma-tocopherol biosynthesis in wild soybean using a high-density genetic map
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19
510
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Glycine max
brenda
Cai, L.; Xu, S.; Ma, R.; Wang, R.; Xia, B.
Cloning and expression analysis on gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase gene LaTMT from lycoris aurea
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25
1-8
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Lycoris aurea
-
brenda
Khalatbari, A.; Jaafar, H.; Khalatbari, A.; Mahmood, M.; Othman, R.
Wild type and vte4 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana responses to different water frequencies Genetic engineering towards stress tolerance
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15
991-1006
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
brenda
Konda, A.; Nazarenus, T.; Nguyen, H.; Yang, J.; Gelli, M.; Swenson, S.; Shipp, J.; Schmidt, M.; Cahoon, R.; Ciftci, O.; Zhang, C.; Clemente, T.; Cahoon, E.
Metabolic engineering of soybean seeds for enhanced vitamin E tocochromanol content and effects on oil antioxidant properties in polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich germplasm
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57
63-73
2020
Glycine max
brenda
Wang, X.Q.; Yoon, M.Y.; He, Q.; Kim, T.S.; Tong, W.; Choi, B.W.; Lee, Y.S.; Park, Y.J.
Natural variations in OsgammaTMT contribute to diversity of the alpha-tocopherol content in rice
Mol. Genet. Genomics
290
2121-2135
2015
Oryza sativa Indica Group, Oryza sativa Japonica Group
brenda
Levac, D.; Cazares, P.; Yu, F.; De Luca, V.
A picrinine N-methyltransferase belongs to a new family of gamma-tocopherol-like methyltransferases found in medicinal plants that make biologically active monoterpenoid indole alkaloids
Plant Physiol.
170
1935-1944
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Vinca minor, Rauvolfia serpentina
brenda
Jiang, J.; Jia, H.; Feng, G.; Wang, Z.; Li, J.; Gao, H.; Wang, X.
Overexpression of Medicago sativa TMT elevates the alpha-tocopherol content in Arabidopsis seeds, alfalfa leaves, and delays dark-induced leaf senescence
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249
93-104
2016
Medicago sativa
brenda
Tewari, K.; Dahuja, A.; Sachdev, A.; Kumar, V.; Ali, K.; Kumar, A.; Kumari, S.
Molecular cloning, heterologous expression and functional characterization of gamma tocopherol methyl transferase (gamma-TMT) from Glycine max
Protein Expr. Purif.
140
81-89
2017
Glycine max
brenda
Zhang, L.; Luo, Y.; Liu, B.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Chen, R.; Wang, L.
Overexpression of the maize gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase gene (ZmTMT) increases alpha-tocopherol content in transgenic Arabidopsis and maize seeds
Transgenic Res.
29
95-104
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Zea mays
brenda
Kumari, K.; Rai, M.P.; Bansal, N.; Prashat, G.R.; Kumari, S.; Srivathsa, R.; Dahuja, A.; Sachdev, A.; Praveen, S.; Vinutha, T.
Study of subcellular localization of Glycine max gamma-tocopherol methyl transferase isoforms in N. benthamiana
3 Biotech
10
110
2020
Glycine max (I1LP31), Glycine max (F8WRI5)
brenda
Ma, J.; Qiu, D.; Gao, H.; Wen, H.; Wu, Y.; Pang, Y.; Wang, X.; Qin, Y.
Over-expression of a gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase gene in vitamin E pathway confers PEG-simulated drought tolerance in alfalfa
BMC Plant Biol.
20
226
2020
Medicago sativa
brenda
Guo, Y.; Li, D.; Liu, T.; Liao, M.; Li, Y.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Z.; Chen, M.
Effect of overexpression of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase on alpha-tocopherol and fatty acid accumulation and tolerance to salt stress during seed germination in Brassica napus L
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
23
15933
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Brassica napus
brenda
Lv, G.; Chen, X.; Ying, D.; Li, J.; Fan, Y.; Wang, B.; Fang, R.
Marker-assisted pyramiding of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase and glutamate formiminotransferase genes for development of biofortified sweet corn hybrids
PeerJ
10
e13629
2022
Zea mays (A0A3L6EJI9)
brenda
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