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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)butyrate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)butyrate
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + benzoate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl benzoate
-
Substrates: negligible activity
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?
Substrates: at 5% of the catalytic activity compared to (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + farnesoate
methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + gibberellate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl gibberellate
-
Substrates: negligible activity
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetate
methyl indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetic acid
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl indole-3-acetic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylacetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl phenylacetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + salicylate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl salicylate
-
Substrates: negligible activity
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme is found in plants and is important for regulation of the plant hormone (indol-3-yl)acetate. The product, methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate is inactive as hormone
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme modulates homeostasis of (indol-3-yl)acetate in plant tissues through methylation of the free carboxyl group of (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme exclusively metabolizes(indol-3-yl)acetate in vivo
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: 100% activity
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme modulates homeostasis of (indol-3-yl)acetate in plant tissues through methylation of the free carboxyl group of (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: highest activity
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)butyrate

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)butyrate
Substrates: at 2% of the catalytic activity compared to (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)butyrate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)butyrate
-
Substrates: 11% activity compared to (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetate

methyl indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetate
methyl indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information

?
-
-
Substrates: jasmonic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-butyric acid are not used as substrates
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no activity with: salicylate, jasmonic acid, farnesoic acid and gibberellic acid
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: PaSABATH1 has the highest level of specific activity with IAA and is renamed as PaIAMT. No activity with salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and giberellic acid 3
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with salicylic acid, benzoic acid, jasmonic acid, and farnesoic acid
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: PtSABATH1, also named PtIAMT1, can catalyze the formation of methyl indole-3-acetate (MeIAA) using SAM as a methyl donor and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a methyl acceptor. Enzyme PtSABATH1 does not show any activity towards substrates benzoic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, vanillic acid, nicotinic acid, coumalic acid, or trans-cinnamic acid. Compared with other Populus SABATH proteins (PtSABATH2, 3, 12, 17, 21 and 24 have very weak activities towards IAA), PtSABATH1 shows at least 40.5fold higher activity towards IAA
Products: -
?
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetate
methyl indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetic acid
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl indole-3-acetic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme is found in plants and is important for regulation of the plant hormone (indol-3-yl)acetate. The product, methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate is inactive as hormone
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme modulates homeostasis of (indol-3-yl)acetate in plant tissues through methylation of the free carboxyl group of (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme exclusively metabolizes(indol-3-yl)acetate in vivo
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
Substrates: the enzyme modulates homeostasis of (indol-3-yl)acetate in plant tissues through methylation of the free carboxyl group of (indol-3-yl)acetate
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (indol-3-yl)acetate
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate
-
Substrates: highest activity
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetate

methyl indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + indole-3-acetate
methyl indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
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metabolism
expression patterns of Populus SABATH genes under normal growth conditions and abiotic stress, overview
additional information
-
a structural model for PaIAMTis generated to understand the origin of substrate specificity of PaSABATH methyltransferase. The active site of the PaIAMT model is superposed with that of the X-ray structure of IAMT (PDB ID 3B5I). The substrate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is docked into the active site in such way that its carboxyl moiety is located at a suitable position for accepting the methyl group from SAM (AdoMet). The active site of the enzymes is able to accommodate IAA in a reactive configuration. The enzyme has relatively high specificity for IAA. This is in contrast to docking jasmonate (JA) into the active site. When JA is docked into the active sites with the carboxyl moiety located at the suitable position for accepting the methyl group, the side chain of JA made steric clashes with some of the active site residues (F267 and L266 from PaIAMT), and the active site is therefore not able to accommodate JA for the methyl transfer
evolution

the enzyme belongs to the SABATH family, phylogenetic analysis and tree, detailed overview. Twenty-eight Populus SABATH genes are divided into three classes with distinct divergences in their gene structure, expression responses to abiotic stressors and enzymatic properties of encoded proteins. Populus class I SABATH proteins convert indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to methyl-IAA, class II SABATH proteins convert benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) to methyl-BA and methyl-SA, while class III SABATH proteins convert farnesoic acid (FA) to methyl-FA. Populus class I SABATH gene (PtSABATH1) is grouped into clade I, Populus contains only one class I SABATH gene (PtSABATH1)
evolution
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the enzyme belongs to the protein family of SABATH methyltransferases, ten genes encode isozymes PaSABATH1-10. Five of the PaSABATH isozymes (PaSABATH3, PaSABATH6, PaSABATH7, PaSABATH8, and PaSABATH9) do not show activity with any of the four substrates, i.e. indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, giberellic acid A3, and salicylic acid, the other five of the PaSABATHs each show activity with one or more of the four substrates. PaSABATH1 has the highest level of specific activity with indole-3-acetic acid and is renamed as PaIAMT (EC 2.1.1.278). PaSABATH2 has the highest level of specific activity with salicylic acid and is designated as PaSAMT (EC 2.1.1.274). For comparison, PaSAMT is also assayed with two compounds of similar structure benzoic acid and anthranilic acid (cf. EC 2.1.1.273). While PaSAMT has no activity with anthranilic acid, its activity with benzoic acid is approximately 8% of that with salicylic acid. PaSABATH4, PaSABATH5 and PaSABATH10 show the highest level of specific activity with jasmonic acid and are renamed PaJAMT1, PaJAMT2, and PaJAMT3, respectively (EC 2.1.1.141). Their products are confirmed to be methyljasmonate
malfunction

overexpression of IAMT1 causes a decrease in auxin signalling. Reduction of indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase activity compensates for high-temperature male sterility in Arabidopsis thaliana. Attenuation of IAMT1 activity promotes fertilization and enhances thermotolerance. The iamt1 mutant shows increased auxin signalling in funiculi, which correlated with a higher growth rate of wild-type pollen in contact with mutant ovaries and premature ovule fertilization. While the production of seeds per fruit is similar in the wild-type and the mutant at 20°C, exposure to 29°C causes a more severe decrease in fertility in the wild-type than in the mutant. Loss of IAMT1 activity is also associated with the production of more nodes after flowering and higher tolerance of the shoot apical meristem to higher temperatures. As a consequence, the productivity of the iamt1 mutant under higher temperatures is more than double of that of the wild-type, with almost no apparent trade-off
malfunction
enzyme overexpression causes severe auxin-deficient phenotypes and reduces the levels of (indol-3-yl)acetate, but not phenylacetate, in the root tips of Arabidopsis. Single knockout mutants have normal auxin levels and do not exhibit visibly altered phenotypes
physiological function

the enzyme is found in plants and is important for regulation of the plant hormone (indol-3-yl)acetate. The product, methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate is inactive as hormone
physiological function
the enzyme regulated leaf development. Overexpression of isoform IAMT1 in abaxial layers results in epinastic leaf phenotypes
physiological function
-
the enzyme is involved in development of root and leaf in poplar and plays a role in wood formation
physiological function
plant hormone auxin induces temperature tolerance to pollen. Methylation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase has been shown to participate in auxin homeostasis. Methyl-IAA (Me-IAA) is an inactive form of IAA
physiological function
of Populus SABATH enzymes, only PtSABATH1 has high activity towards indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and can convert IAA to methyl-IAA, indicating that PtSABATH1 might play an important role in auxin homeostasis
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additional information

targeted nuclear expression of Triticum aestivum gene TaWRKY71-1, encoding a WRKY transcription factor, in Arabidopsis thaliana induces the expression if gene IAMT1. TaWRKY71-1 localizes in the nucleus and has no transcriptional activation activity. TaWRKY71-1 overexpression in Arabidopsis results in hyponastic rosette leaves, and the hyponastic strength is closely correlative with the transcription level of the transgene. The spongy mesophyll cells at abaxial side of leaves are drastically compacted by TaWRKY71-1 overexpression
additional information
-
targeted nuclear expression of Triticum aestivum gene TaWRKY71-1, encoding a WRKY transcription factor, in Arabidopsis thaliana induces the expression if gene IAMT1. TaWRKY71-1 localizes in the nucleus and has no transcriptional activation activity. TaWRKY71-1 overexpression in Arabidopsis results in hyponastic rosette leaves, and the hyponastic strength is closely correlative with the transcription level of the transgene. The spongy mesophyll cells at abaxial side of leaves are drastically compacted by TaWRKY71-1 overexpression
additional information
construction of the T-DNA insertion mutant iamt1-1. Increasing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in ovaries by reducing IAA methyltransferase1 (IAMT1) activity in Arabidopsis thaliana, phenotype, overview. Loss of IAMT1 activity is also associated with the production of more nodes after flowering and higher tolerance of the shoot apical meristem to higher temperatures. As a consequence, the productivity of the iamt1 mutant under higher temperatures is more than double of that of the wild-type, with almost no apparent trade-off
additional information
-
construction of the T-DNA insertion mutant iamt1-1. Increasing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in ovaries by reducing IAA methyltransferase1 (IAMT1) activity in Arabidopsis thaliana, phenotype, overview. Loss of IAMT1 activity is also associated with the production of more nodes after flowering and higher tolerance of the shoot apical meristem to higher temperatures. As a consequence, the productivity of the iamt1 mutant under higher temperatures is more than double of that of the wild-type, with almost no apparent trade-off
additional information
-
targeted nuclear expression of Triticum aestivum gene TaWRKY71-1, encoding a WRKY transcription factor, in Arabidopsis thaliana induces the expression if gene IAMT1. TaWRKY71-1 localizes in the nucleus and has no transcriptional activation activity. TaWRKY71-1 overexpression in Arabidopsis results in hyponastic rosette leaves, and the hyponastic strength is closely correlative with the transcription level of the transgene. The spongy mesophyll cells at abaxial side of leaves are drastically compacted by TaWRKY71-1 overexpression
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Li, L.; Hou, X.; Tsuge, T.; Ding, M.; Aoyama, T.; Oka, A.; Gu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Qu, L.J.
The possible action mechanisms of indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell Rep.
27
575-584
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8)
brenda
Zubieta, C.; Ross, J.R.; Koscheski, P.; Yang, Y.; Pichersky, E.; Noel, J.P.
Structural basis for substrate recognition in the salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase family
Plant Cell
15
1704-1716
2003
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8)
brenda
Zhao, N.; Ferrer, J.L.; Ross, J.; Guan, J.; Yang, Y.; Pichersky, E.; Noel, J.P.; Chen, F.
Structural, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase is an evolutionarily ancient member of the SABATH family
Plant Physiol.
146
455-467
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8), Oryza sativa Japonica Group (Q0J998)
brenda
Zhao, N.; Guan, J.; Lin, H.; Chen, F.
Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase from poplar
Phytochemistry
68
1537-1544
2007
Populus trichocarpa
brenda
Qin, G.; Gu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Ma, Z.; Shi, G.; Yang, Y.; Pichersky, E.; Chen, H.; Liu, M.; Chen, Z.; Qu, L.J.
An indole-3-acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferase regulates Arabidopsis leaf development
Plant Cell
17
2693-2704
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Qin, Z.; Lv, H.; Zhu, X.; Meng, C.; Quan, T.; Wang, M.; Xia, G.
Ectopic expression of a wheat WRKY transcription factor gene TaWRKY71-1 results in hyponastic leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana
PLoS ONE
8
e63033
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8), Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9FLN8)
brenda
Chaiprasongsuk, M.; Zhang, C.; Qian, P.; Chen, X.; Li, G.; Trigiano, R.N.; Guo, H.; Chen, F.
Biochemical characterization in Norway spruce (Picea abies) of SABATH methyltransferases that methylate phytohormones
Phytochemistry
149
146-154
2018
Picea abies
brenda
Abbas, M.; Hernandez-Garcia, J.; Blanco-Tourinan, N.; Aliaga, N.; Minguet, E.G.; Alabadi, D.; Blazquez, M.A.
Reduction of indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase activity compensates for high-temperature male sterility in Arabidopsis
Plant Biotechnol. J.
16
272-279
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Han, X.; Yang, Q.; Liu, Y.; Yang, Z.; Wang, X.; Zeng, Q.; Yang, H.
Evolution and function of the Populus SABATH family reveal that a single amino acid change results in a substrate switch
Plant Cell Physiol.
59
392-403
2018
Populus trichocarpa (B9GJG7)
brenda
Takubo, E.; Kobayashi, M.; Hirai, S.; Aoi, Y.; Ge, C.; Dai, X.; Fukui, K.; Hayashi, K.I.; Zhao, Y.; Kasahara, H.
Role of Arabidopsis indole-3-acetic acid carboxyl methyltransferase 1 in auxin metabolism
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
527
1033-1038
2020
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FLN8)
brenda
Koeduka, T.; Nakabo, A.; Takata, A.; Ikeda, R.; Suzuki, H.; Kitajima, S.; Ozaki, S.I.
Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase from Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum)
Plant Biotechnol.
41
65-70
2024
Illicium anisatum
brenda