Information on EC 1.5.3.12 - dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.5.3.12
Word Map on EC 1.5.3.12
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Specify your search results
Select one or more organisms in this record:

The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms

top print hide
EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
1.5.3.12
-
top print hide
RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
top print hide
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
dihydrochelirubine + O2 = chelirubine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
dihydromacarpine + O2 = macarpine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
dihydrosanguinarine + O2 = sanguinarine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
top print hide
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
top print hide
PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
chelerythrine biosynthesis
-
-
sanguinarine and macarpine biosynthesis
-
-
Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
Metabolic pathways
-
-
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
-
-
top print hide
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
dihydrobenzophenanthridine:oxygen oxidoreductase
A CuII enzyme found in higher plants that produces oxidized forms of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids
top
top print hide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
114051-83-1
-
top print hide
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
top print hide
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
-
virus-induced gene silencing to reduce DBOX transcript levels results in a corresponding reduction in sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine, and papaverine accumulation in opium poppy roots
metabolism
-
DBOX as a multifunctional oxidative enzyme in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism, overview. The two-electron oxidation of dihydrosanguinarine catalyzed by dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase is the final step in sanguinarine biosynthesis. The formation of the fully conjugated ring system in sanguinarine is similar to the four-electron oxidations of (S)-canadine to berberine and (S)-tetrahydropapaverine to papaverine
top print hide
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(RS)-canadine + O2
berberine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropalmitine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropapaverine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropapaverine + O2
papaverine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-scoulerine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
DBOX does not fully aromatize the C-ring of (S)-scoulerine but instead catalyzes a two-electron oxidation
-
-
?
(S)-stylopine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
chelerythine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
chelerythrine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
-
dihydrochelirubine + O2
chelirubine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
Dihydromacarpine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
terminal step in the formation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids containing methylene dioxy substitutions in ring A and D
-
-
-
Dihydromacarpine + O2
Macarpine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
dihydrosanguinarine + O2
sanguinarine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
top print hide
NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(RS)-canadine + O2
berberine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropalmitine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropapaverine + O2
papaverine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-scoulerine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
DBOX does not fully aromatize the C-ring of (S)-scoulerine but instead catalyzes a two-electron oxidation
-
-
?
(S)-stylopine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
chelerythine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
Dihydromacarpine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
terminal step in the formation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids containing methylene dioxy substitutions in ring A and D
-
-
-
dihydrosanguinarine + O2
sanguinarine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
top print hide
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
flavoprotein
flavin
-
inhibition pattern indicates the presence of bound flavine
top print hide
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
copper
-
might be a copper metalloenzyme
top print hide
INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1,4-DL-dithiothreitol
-
-
dicoumarin
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
dithiothreitol
-
-
glutathione
-
-
iodoacetamide
-
-
mercaptoethanol
-
-
Sodium azide
-
-
top print hide
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.146
(S)-scoulerine
-
pH 8.8, 37°C
0.012
Dihydrochelerythrine
-
-
0.008
dihydrochelirubine
-
-
0.006
Dihydromacarpine
0.016 - 0.201
Dihydrosanguinarine
top print hide
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
top print hide
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
8.8
-
assay at
top print hide
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5.5 - 8
-
about 50% of maximal activity at pH 5.5 and 8.0
6 - 8.5
-
about 50% of maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 8.5
top print hide
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
-
assay at
top print hide
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
very low level compared to roots
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
very low level compared to roots
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
predominantly
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
very low level compared to roots
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
-
enzyme expression patterns, overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
top print hide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
56000
-
gel filtration
77000
-
x * 77000, SDS-PAGE, the lower MW bands include enzymes of the polyphenol oxidase family that copurify with dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
top print hide
SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
top print hide
Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
top print hide
Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, quantitative real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis, expression in Pichia pastoris
-
top print hide
ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
baculo virus-induced gene silencing in planta using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 transfection to reduce DBOX transcript levels, real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis
top
top
LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.5.3.12)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)