Information on EC 1.5.3.12 - dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase

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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
1.5.3.12
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
dihydrochelirubine + O2 = chelirubine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
dihydromacarpine + O2 = macarpine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
dihydrosanguinarine + O2 = sanguinarine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
chelerythrine biosynthesis
-
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sanguinarine and macarpine biosynthesis
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Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
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Metabolic pathways
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Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
dihydrobenzophenanthridine:oxygen oxidoreductase
A CuII enzyme found in higher plants that produces oxidized forms of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
114051-83-1
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
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virus-induced gene silencing to reduce DBOX transcript levels results in a corresponding reduction in sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine, and papaverine accumulation in opium poppy roots
metabolism
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DBOX as a multifunctional oxidative enzyme in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism, overview. The two-electron oxidation of dihydrosanguinarine catalyzed by dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase is the final step in sanguinarine biosynthesis. The formation of the fully conjugated ring system in sanguinarine is similar to the four-electron oxidations of (S)-canadine to berberine and (S)-tetrahydropapaverine to papaverine
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(RS)-canadine + O2
berberine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropalmitine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropapaverine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropapaverine + O2
papaverine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-scoulerine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
DBOX does not fully aromatize the C-ring of (S)-scoulerine but instead catalyzes a two-electron oxidation
-
-
?
(S)-stylopine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
chelerythine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
chelerythrine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
-
dihydrochelirubine + O2
chelirubine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
Dihydromacarpine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
terminal step in the formation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids containing methylene dioxy substitutions in ring A and D
-
-
-
Dihydromacarpine + O2
Macarpine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
dihydrosanguinarine + O2
sanguinarine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(RS)-canadine + O2
berberine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropalmitine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(RS)-tetrahydropapaverine + O2
papaverine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-scoulerine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
DBOX does not fully aromatize the C-ring of (S)-scoulerine but instead catalyzes a two-electron oxidation
-
-
?
(S)-stylopine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
dihydrochelerythrine + O2
chelerythine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
Dihydromacarpine + O2
?
show the reaction diagram
-
terminal step in the formation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids containing methylene dioxy substitutions in ring A and D
-
-
-
dihydrosanguinarine + O2
sanguinarine + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
flavoprotein
flavin
-
inhibition pattern indicates the presence of bound flavine
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
copper
-
might be a copper metalloenzyme
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1,4-DL-dithiothreitol
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dicoumarin
diethyldithiocarbamate
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dithiothreitol
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glutathione
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iodoacetamide
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mercaptoethanol
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Sodium azide
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-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.146
(S)-scoulerine
-
pH 8.8, 37°C
0.012
Dihydrochelerythrine
-
-
0.008
dihydrochelirubine
-
-
0.006
Dihydromacarpine
0.016 - 0.201
Dihydrosanguinarine
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
8.8
-
assay at
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5.5 - 8
-
about 50% of maximal activity at pH 5.5 and 8.0
6 - 8.5
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about 50% of maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 8.5
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
-
assay at
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
very low level compared to roots
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
very low level compared to roots
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
predominantly
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
very low level compared to roots
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
-
enzyme expression patterns, overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
56000
-
gel filtration
77000
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x * 77000, SDS-PAGE, the lower MW bands include enzymes of the polyphenol oxidase family that copurify with dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, quantitative real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis, expression in Pichia pastoris
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme activity increases in the yeast extract-exposed cultures, but not in the methyl jasmonate-exposed cultures. There is a slight increase in activity during the first 24 h, whereas maximal response occurred at 48 h and it was maintained for up 72 h
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
baculo virus-induced gene silencing in planta using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 transfection to reduce DBOX transcript levels, real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.5.3.12)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)