Information on EC 1.2.1.64 - 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)

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HBD

4-hydroxymandelate degradation

p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase

3 entries

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+

The bacterial enzyme (characterized from an unidentified denitrifying bacterium) is involved in an anaerobic toluene degradation pathway. The plant enzyme is involved in formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate, a cell wall-bound phenolic acid that plays a major role in plant defense against pathogens. cf. EC 1.2.1.96, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)

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oxidation

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redox reaction

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reduction

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BRENDA

KEGG

Aminobenzoate degradation, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Toluene degradation

MetaCyc

4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes), 4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis IV (plants), 4-hydroxymandelate degradation

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase

The bacterial enzyme (characterized from an unidentified denitrifying bacterium) is involved in an anaerobic toluene degradation pathway. The plant enzyme is involved in formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate, a cell wall-bound phenolic acid that plays a major role in plant defense against pathogens. cf. EC 1.2.1.96, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+).

61229-72-9

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2-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

2-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 12.3% relative activity compared to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde conversion
Products: -

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2-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

2-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+

2-methoxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

2-methoxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 4.8% relative activity compared to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde conversion, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde i.e. o-anisaldehyde
Products: 2-methoxybenzoate i.e. o-anisic acid

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3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

3-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 27.4% relative activity compared to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde conversion
Products: -

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3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

3-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+

4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 1% relative activity compared to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde conversion, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde i.e. vanillin
Products: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate i.e. vanillic acid

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4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + FAD + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + FADH2 + ?

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Substrates: 17.6% relative activity compared to reaction with NAD+
Products: -

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4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + FMN + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + FMNH2 + ?

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Substrates: 11.5% relative activity compared to reaction with NAD+
Products: -

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4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H+

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+

5 entries

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 70.4% relative activity compared to reaction with NAD+
Products: -

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benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

benzoate + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 5.8% relative activity compared to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde conversion
Products: -

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benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

benzoate + NADH + H+

cinnamaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

cinnamic acid + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: 6.13% relative activity compared to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde conversion
Products: -

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vanillin + NAD+ + H2O

vanillate + NADH

additional information

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Substrates: no activity with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde i.e. protocatechuic aldehyde and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde
Products: -

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4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H+

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Substrates: -
Products: -

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4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O

4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+

3 entries

NAD+

4 entries

Ca2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 87.2% relative activity compared to control

Co2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 67.5% relative activity compared to control

Cu2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 34.7% relative activity compared to control

Fe2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 93.6% relative activity compared to control

Mg2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 88% relative activity compared to control

Mn2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 80.6% relative activity compared to control

Zn2+

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1 mM chloride salt, 49.9% relative activity compared to control

ADP

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does not act as cofactor, but has some stimulatory effect

AMP

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does not act as cofactor, but has some stimulatory effect

ATP

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does not act as cofactor, but has some stimulatory effect, can partly be replaced by ADP or AMP

chitosan

Cocos nucifera

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688652

CoA

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does not act as cofactor, but has some stimulatory effect

DTT

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maximum 12% increase of activity observed with 0.1 mM

methyl jasmonate

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0.1 mM, HBD activity is uplifted after methyl jasmonate treatment

688643

additional information

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the activity is not strictly dependent on the presence of a reducing agent, such as DTT in the reaction mixture

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0.0548

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

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apparent Km-value, pH 7.5 and 35°C

0.0744

NAD+

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apparent Km-value, pH 7.5 and 35°C

0.000024

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green hairy roots, pH 7.5, 35°C

0.00036

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normal hairy roots, pH 7.5, 35°C

0.0072

0.0384

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peak after 24 h of methyl jasmonate treatment, pH 7.5 and 35°C

7.5

7 - 8.4

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34

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35

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assay at

35 - 40

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denitrifying bacterium PC-07

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Lithospermum erythrorhizon M18

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green hairy root cultures. Hairy roots cultures of Daucus carota turn green under continuous illumination, while the content of the major phenolic compound 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is reduced to half as compared to normal hairy roots cultured in darkness. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (HBD) activity is suppressed in the green hairy roots and 15fold less compared to normal hairy roots. Volatile analysis of 14-day-old green hairy roots reveals higher monoterpene and sesquiterpene contents than found in normal hairy roots, methyl salicylate content is higher in normal hairy roots than in green ones, overview

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Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines

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malfunction

metabolism

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the enzyme is involved in the phenylpropanoid/hydroxybenzoate pathway in the plant, pathway overview

physiological function

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plant hydroxybenzoates are common mediators of plant responses of biotic and abiotic stress

a loss of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity to the range of 75%, 35% and 20% of the optimum value is observed when cell-free extracts are frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at +4, -20 and -80°C, for 24 h, respectively

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hairy root cultures of Daucus carota respond to methyl jasmonate treatment with enhanced accumulation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid

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hairy roots cultures of Daucus carota turn green under continuous illumination, while the content of the major phenolic compound 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is reduced to half as compared to normal hairy roots cultured in darkness. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (HBD) activity is suppressed in the green hairy roots

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