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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.13.11.19 - cysteamine dioxygenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.13.11.19
Word Map on EC 1.13.11.19
- 1.13.11.19
- hypotaurine
- taurine
-
sulfinic
-
dioxygenation
- 3-mercaptopropionate
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.13.11.19
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
cysteamine dioxygenase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2-aminoethanethiol + O2 = hypotaurine
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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-
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redox reaction
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-
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reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
2-aminoethanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase
A non-heme iron protein that is involved in the biosynthesis of taurine. Requires catalytic amounts of a cofactor-like compound, such as sulfur, sufide, selenium or methylene blue for maximal activity. 3-Aminopropanethiol (homocysteamine) and 2-mercaptoethanol can also act as substrates, but glutathione, cysteine, and cysteine ethyl- and methyl esters are not good substrates [1,3].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9033-41-4
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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-
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Sprague-Dawley, rats switched from a high protein diet to a low protein diet or to a low protein diet supplemented with cysteamine do not demonstrate a change in tissue cysteamine dioxygenase activity over the course of 10 h.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
metabolism
functional roles of ADO in metabolism include removal of thiol substrates (cysteamine), thus regulating cysteine or cysteamine levels in body tissues and fluids and production of hypotaurine/taurine from cysteine metabolite cysteamine
metabolism
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functional roles of ADO in metabolism include removal of thiol substrates (cysteamine), thus regulating cysteine or cysteamine levels in body tissues and fluids and production of hypotaurine/taurine from cysteine metabolite cysteamine
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in the taurine biosynthetic pathway. addition of taurine to cells grown in taurine-free medium has little effect on transcript levels of the biosynthetic pathway genes for cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD), or cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). In contrast, supplementation with taurine causes a 30% reduction in transcript levels of the taurine transporter, TauT. Hypotaurine can be produced via of cysteamine, the end product of coenzyme A degradation, via oxidation by 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO). Taurine biosynthetic pathway from methionine?derived cysteine, overview
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in the taurine biosynthetic pathway. addition of taurine to cells grown in taurine-free medium has little effect on transcript levels of the biosynthetic pathway genes for cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD), or cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). In contrast, supplementation with taurine causes a 30% reduction in transcript levels of the taurine transporter, TauT. Hypotaurine can be produced via of cysteamine, the end product of coenzyme A degradation, via oxidation by 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO). Taurine biosynthetic pathway from methionine?derived cysteine, overview
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
pantetheine + O2
pantothenate + cysteamine
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oxidized at less than 3% of the cysteamine-dependent rate
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-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
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?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
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?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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-
-
-
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cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
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?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
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?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
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?
additional information
additional information
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specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
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additional information
additional information
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specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
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additional information
additional information
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specific for cysteamine
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-
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additional information
additional information
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specific for cysteamine
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additional information
additional information
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specific for cysteamine
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-
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additional information
additional information
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specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
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additional information
additional information
-
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specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
specific for cysteamine
trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
-
additional information
additional information
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synthetic analogs of cysteamine oxidized: piperazinylcysteamine, N,N-dimethylcysteamine, trimethyl(2-mercaptoethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteine methyl ester
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
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?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
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one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe
Zn
Fe
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a non-heme-iron protein, contains 1 g-atom of iron per mol of enzyme (based on a MW of 83000), nearly all of the iron is in the ferric state
Fe
-
nonheme iron involved in catalytic action of cysteamine oxygenase, high spin Fe(III)
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-mercaptoethanol
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inhibition at high concentration, activation at low concentration
S
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Se
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sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Sulfide
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sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-mercaptoethanol
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stimulation at low concentration, inhibition at high concentration
hydroxylamine
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cofactor-like compound; sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Se
-
cofactor-like compound; sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Sulfide
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cofactor-like compound; sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
sulfur
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cofactor-like compound; sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.000021
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substrate: hypertaurine, kidney, activity is lower than in mice kidney
0.000026
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substrate: hypertaurine, liver, activity is lower than in mice liver
0.000037
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substrate: hypertaurine, kidney, higher activity in mice kidney than in rat kidney
0.000091
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substrate: hypertaurine, liver, higher activity in mice liver than in rat liver
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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Cysteamine levels in plasma of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have no markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in plasma.
additional information
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hypotaurine is not in brain of either Vanin-1 (+/+) or Vanin-1 (-/-) mice that had been fed a non-purified rodent diet.
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Cysteamine levels in brain of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in brain.
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higher activity than in rat kidney. Hypotaurine is measurable in kidney, but levels are significantly higher in kidneys of the knock-out mice compared to wild-type mice.
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lower activity than in mice kidney. Cysteamine levels in kidney of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in kidney.
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higher activity than in rat liver. hypotaurine is not in liver of either Vanin-1 (+/+) or Vanin-1 (-/-) mice that had been fed a non-purified rodent diet.
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lower activity than in mice liver. Cysteamine levels in liver of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in liver.
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
exhaustive dialysis against water: partial denaturation, dialysis against water brought to pH 7.5 with concentrated ammonia or against 0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, has no effect
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
relative expression level determination in cells grown in taurin-free or taurine-containing medium, overview
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
addition of taurine to cells grown in taurine-free medium has little effect on transcript levels of the biosynthetic pathway genes for cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD), or cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). In contrast, supplementation with taurine causes a 30% reduction in transcript levels of the taurine transporter, TauT
addition of taurine to cells grown in taurine-free medium has little effect on transcript levels of the biosynthetic pathway genes for cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD), or cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). In contrast, supplementation with taurine causes a 30% reduction in transcript levels of the taurine transporter, TauT
-
addition of taurine to cells grown in taurine-free medium has little effect on transcript levels of the biosynthetic pathway genes for cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD), or cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO). In contrast, supplementation with taurine causes a 30% reduction in transcript levels of the taurine transporter, TauT
-
-
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.13.11.19)
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