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Information on EC 1.13.11.19 - cysteamine dioxygenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.13.11.19
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.13 Acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)
1.13.11 With incorporation of two atoms of oxygen
1.13.11.19 cysteamine dioxygenase
IUBMB Comments
A non-heme iron protein that is involved in the biosynthesis of taurine. 3-Aminopropanethiol (homocysteamine) and 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (2-mercaptoethanol) can also act as substrates, but glutathione, cysteine, and cysteine ethyl- and methyl esters are not good substrates [1,3].
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
- 1.13.11.19
- hypotaurine
-
sulfinic
- 3-mercaptopropionate
-
dioxygenation
-
nonheme
showSynonyms
cysteamine dioxygenase, 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase, cysteamine oxygenase, persulfurase, gm237, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase
ADO
cysteamine oxygenase
-
-
-
-
oxygenase, cysteamine
-
-
-
-
oxygenase, cysteamine di-
-
-
-
-
persulfurase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2-aminoethanethiol + O2 = hypotaurine
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
2-aminoethanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase
A non-heme iron protein that is involved in the biosynthesis of taurine. 3-Aminopropanethiol (homocysteamine) and 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (2-mercaptoethanol) can also act as substrates, but glutathione, cysteine, and cysteine ethyl- and methyl esters are not good substrates [1,3].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9033-41-4
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
mercaptoethanol + O2
2-hydroxyethanesulfinic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
pantetheine + O2
pantothenate + cysteamine
-
Substrates: oxidized at less than 3% of the cysteamine-dependent rate
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-mercaptopropionic acid + O2
3-sulfinopropionic acid
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-mercaptopropionic acid + O2
3-sulfinopropionic acid
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no activity with cysteine
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with cysteine
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: overview: specificity
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: specific for cysteamine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
Products: trace amounts of taurine and thiotaurine are also produced as a side reaction by further non-enzymatic reaction of hypotaurine
?
additional information
additional information
-
-
Substrates: synthetic analogs of cysteamine oxidized: piperazinylcysteamine, N,N-dimethylcysteamine, trimethyl(2-mercaptoethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteine methyl ester
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
cysteamine + O2
hypotaurine
-
Substrates: one of the main routes for taurine biosynthesis
Products: -
Products: -
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe
Iron
formation of an inner-sphere complex between FeIII-ADO and 2-aminoethanol. Binding occurs via a 3-His triad
Zn
Fe
-
a non-heme-iron protein, contains 1 g-atom of iron per mol of enzyme (based on a MW of 83000), nearly all of the iron is in the ferric state
Fe
-
nonheme iron involved in catalytic action of cysteamine oxygenase, high spin Fe(III)
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-mercaptoethanol
-
inhibition at high concentration, activation at low concentration
azide
Fe(III)ADO incubated with azide displays a rhombic, high-spin (S = 5/2) EPR signal that closely resembles that of purified ADO. Azide may bind to the Fe(III)ADO active site by replacing a ligand with comparable donor strength, likely a solvent-derived hydroxide. Azide is unable to coordinate to cysteamine-bound Fe(III)ADO
cyanide
cyanide binds to either cysteamine- or Cys-bound Fe(III)ADO, binding causes the appearance of a dominant low-spin (S = 1/2) EPR signal and a small but noticeable change to the electronic absorption spectrum
S
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Se
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Sulfide
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
cysteine
weak competitive inhibitor, Cys can bind directly to the ADO iron center with formation of a low-spin (S=1/2) FeIII complex. The ratio of low-spin to high-spin ferric species can be modulated by the addition of glycerol, with the high-spin Cys-FeIII-ADO complex being the predominant form in the absence of a glassing agent
Iron
substrate cysteamine is capable of reducing the catalytically inactive ferric center to the enzymatically active ferrous state. Presence of cysteamine alters the binding behavior of nitric oxide to the nonheme iron center of ADO
Iron
substrate cysteamine is capable of reducing the catalytically inactive ferric center to the enzymatically active ferrous state. Presence of cysteamine alters the binding behavior of nitric oxide to the nonheme iron center of ADO
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-mercaptoethanol
-
stimulation at low concentration, inhibition at high concentration
hydroxylamine
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Se
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
Sulfide
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
sulfur
-
sulfide, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or hydroxylamine required in catalytic amount, inhibition when added over a critical concentration (with the exception of hydroxylamine)
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Starvation
Effect of starvation and refeeding on cysteamine dioxygenase activity in rat liver and heart.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.000021
-
substrate: hypertaurine, kidney, activity is lower than in mice kidney
0.000026
-
substrate: hypertaurine, liver, activity is lower than in mice liver
0.000037
-
substrate: hypertaurine, kidney, higher activity in mice kidney than in rat kidney
0.000091
-
substrate: hypertaurine, liver, higher activity in mice liver than in rat liver
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
-
-
brenda
Sprague-Dawley, rats switched from a high protein diet to a low protein diet or to a low protein diet supplemented with cysteamine do not demonstrate a change in tissue cysteamine dioxygenase activity over the course of 10 h.
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
Cysteamine levels in plasma of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have no markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in plasma.
brenda
additional information
-
hypotaurine is not in brain of either Vanin-1 (+/+) or Vanin-1 (-/-) mice that had been fed a non-purified rodent diet.
brenda
-
Cysteamine levels in brain of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in brain.
brenda
-
higher activity than in rat kidney. Hypotaurine is measurable in kidney, but levels are significantly higher in kidneys of the knock-out mice compared to wild-type mice.
brenda
-
lower activity than in mice kidney. Cysteamine levels in kidney of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in kidney.
brenda
-
higher activity than in rat liver. hypotaurine is not in liver of either Vanin-1 (+/+) or Vanin-1 (-/-) mice that had been fed a non-purified rodent diet.
brenda
-
lower activity than in mice liver. Cysteamine levels in liver of rats fed the cysteamine supplemented diet are significantly higher than those in tissues of rats fed basal diet. Rats fed the cysteamine-supplemented diet have markedly elevated levels of hypotaurine in liver.
brenda