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Search term: nutrition

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EC Number Recommended Name Application Commentary
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.8glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) nutrition yeast strains overexpressing glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase may be used to produce wine with decreased ethanol content
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.8glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) nutrition green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Show all pathways known for 1.1.1.21Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.21aldose reductase nutrition pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate to eliminate toxic compounds unsuitable for use as growth medium in xylitol production. optimization of adsorption time, type odf acid used, concentration and charcoal leads to a high ratio of xylose reductase, EC1.1.1.21, to xylitol dehydrogenase, EC1.1.1.9, of 4.5
Show all pathways known for 1.1.1.34Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.34hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) nutrition engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of the food and feed additive astaxanthin by fermentation. The astaxanthin-producing Yarrowia lipolytica shows great promise for employment in biological astaxanthin production. The genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousa are introduced. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain are optimized. Downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increases the beta-carotene titer. Then a beta-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis are introduced to convert beta-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulates 10.4 mg/l of astaxanthin but also accumulates astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 mg/l canthaxanthin, and 35.3 mg/l echinenone. The copy numbers of crtZ and crtW are optimized to obtain 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight (54.6 mg/l) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.67mannitol 2-dehydrogenase nutrition -
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.67mannitol 2-dehydrogenase nutrition cofactor regeneration system
Show all pathways known for 1.1.1.145Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.1453beta-hydroxy-DELTA5-steroid dehydrogenase nutrition expression of hepatic but not testicular 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase shows a negative relationship with the level of backfat androsterone and is accompanied by a reduced rate of the hepatic androsterone clearance. Low expression of enzyme protein in the liver of high androsterone pigs is accompanied by a reduced level of enzyme mRNA
Show all pathways known for 1.1.1.145Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.1453beta-hydroxy-DELTA5-steroid dehydrogenase nutrition independent of castration method, all castrated pigs show greater mRNA and protein expression of 3beta-HSD and lower levels of all steroids in plasma compared with entire males. There is a strong correlation between mRNA and protein expression of 3beta-HSD and steroid levels
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.183geraniol dehydrogenase (NADP+) nutrition high hydrostatic pressure treatment of grated ginger results in more than 95% inactivation of geraniol dehydrogenase. Heat treatment of 10 min at 100°C inactivates geraniol dehydrogenase to 43% residual activity. In storage, untreated and heat-treated ginger shows reduction of geranial, neral, and citronellal while pressure-treated ginger does not. In the pressure-treated sample, terpene aldehydes almost disappear without the formation of the corresponding alcohols
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.194coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase nutrition the recombinant Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630, expressing the coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. strain HR199, together with the coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase, and the vanillyl alcohol oxidase, the latter from Penicillium simplicissimus strain CBS, is able to produce vanillin from ferulic acid and eugenol
Show all pathways known for 1.1.1.195Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.195cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase nutrition Increased bamboo shoot firmness during cold storage is positively correlated with higher lignin and cellulose accumulation, and this accumulation of lignin in flesh tissue is also positively correlated with the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase. Ethylene treatment is associated with higher disease incidence, chilling injury index, electrical conductivity, respiration and ethylene production, enhanced lignin and cellulose accumulation and accelerates the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase. In contrast, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment is associated with lower respiration, ethylene production, chilling injury index and electrical conductivity, reduced lignin and cellulose accumulation and retards the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase. 1-Methylcyclopropene may be used commercially to control disorders in bamboo shoot during cold storage
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.243carveol dehydrogenase nutrition evaluation of recombinant industrial scale production of (-)-carvone, the spearmint monoterpene ketone, in Escherichia coli for commercial use, overview
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.2653-methylbutanal reductase nutrition essential in removal of the worthy off-flavours in beer during fermentation
Show all pathways known for 1.1.1.365Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.1.365D-galacturonate reductase nutrition accumulation of high levels of ascorbate using GalUR gene overepression in tomato fruits. Tomato fruits are considered a major dietary source of vitamin C in many countries, because it is consumed regularly and in large quantities. Tomato also serves as a fruit model for other crops species with fleshy berry. Accordingly, it is very important to monitor and to increase the vitamin C content in tomato fruit, for meeting the consumer demand and health requirements for high nutrition, e.g. by overexpressing D-galacturonate reductase
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.3.5hexose oxidase nutrition effect of enzyme activity on the rheological properties of dough. Oxidation of ferulic acid in presence of enzyme plus a peroxidase purified from wheat germ was most efficient. Mathematical model describing release or consumption of the different reactants
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.3.5hexose oxidase nutrition use of enzyme as processing aid in food industry. No acute or subchronic oral toxicity, mutagenic potential or chromosomal aberration is found according to OECD guidelines
Show all pathways known for 1.1.3.8Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.3.8L-gulonolactone oxidase nutrition 2fold increase in vitamin C content in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana leaf upon expression of enzyme, in vitamin-C-deficient plants, rescued vitamin C content upon enzyme expression is equal or higher than in wild type leaf
Show all pathways known for 1.1.3.8Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.3.8L-gulonolactone oxidase nutrition increase of dietary levels of alpha-tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid lower kidneys enzymic activity
Show all pathways known for 1.1.3.8Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.3.8L-gulonolactone oxidase nutrition up to 4fold increased vitamin C levels in lettuce by overexpression of enzyme
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.1.3.17choline oxidase nutrition introducing of the codA gene into a cereal crop allows the biosynthesis of glycinebetaine
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.2.1.67vanillin dehydrogenase nutrition production of vanillin by genetic inactivation of vanillin dehydrogenase
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.2.1.67vanillin dehydrogenase nutrition vanillin production
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.2.1.68coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase nutrition production of vanillin
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.2.3.1aldehyde oxidase nutrition identification of 17 diet-derived constituents as inhibitors, with Kiss that vary approximately 300fold. Inhibitors bind within the active site and elucidate key enzyme-inhibitor interactions. QSAR modeling identified three structural descriptors that correlate with inhibition potency
Show all pathways known for 1.3.1.14Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.3.1.14dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NAD+) nutrition applications in the dairy industry
Show all pathways known for 1.3.3.6Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.3.3.6acyl-CoA oxidase nutrition engineering of plants with increased content of monocarboxylic fatty acids in this essential oil crop by enzyme overexpression
Show all pathways known for 1.3.3.6Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.3.3.6acyl-CoA oxidase nutrition inhibition of ACOX1 is an effective approach for the treatment of high fat diet or obesity-induced metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism
Show all pathways known for 1.4.1.1Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.4.1.1alanine dehydrogenase nutrition Lactococcus lactis strain NZ9000 expressing the enzyme from Bacillus subtilis can be used in imporvement of dairy fermentation for developing healthy yogurts with sweet taste or other fermented dairy foods
Show all pathways known for 1.4.1.3Display the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.4.1.3glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] nutrition restricted feeding with food access for 2 h each day for three weeks promotes higher levels of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase protein and activity, as well as a loss of 24-h rhythmicity, in comparison to ad libitum conditions. The rhythmicity of glutamate dehydrogenase activity detected in serum is changed
Show all pathways known for 1.4.3.14Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.4.3.14L-lysine oxidase nutrition the optical enzyme sensor system with immobilized LyOx membrane can be used for rapid determination of L-Lys in a real food sample
Show all pathways known for 1.5.1.20Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.20methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H] nutrition homozygosity for the C677T natural polymorphism presents a 3fold increased risk of colorectal cancer. Low intake of methyl-donor nutrients is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in homozygous participants for the C677T polymorphism
Show all pathways known for 1.5.1.20Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.20methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H] nutrition mice carrying a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene Apc, a model for intestinal polyposis, fed with high folate diets from weaning develop more adenomas than those fed the folic acid deficient diet or the control diet. Mthfr deficiency does not affect adenoma number. When the folic acid deficient diet and control diet are administered to dams prior to conception, throughout pregnancy and continued in offspring post-weaning, Apc -/+ offspring fed folic acid deficient diet develop fewer adenomas than those fed control diet. Mthfr+/- genotype of the mother or of the offspring also reduces adenoma numbers in the Apc -/+ offspring. Adenoma number is inversely correlated with plasma homocysteine, intestinal dUTP/dTTP ratios, and levels of intestinal apoptosis
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.1.24N5-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase nutrition industrially important organism used widely as a starter in the dairy industry
Show all pathways known for 1.5.8.2Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.5.8.2trimethylamine dehydrogenase nutrition quality control, development of an amperometric enzyme electrode sensor for rapid detection of trimethylamine in different fish muscle samples using phenazine methosulfate as redox cofactor and NBT-based colorimetric detectiona nd quantification
Show all pathways known for 1.8.1.2Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.8.1.2assimilatory sulfite reductase (NADPH) nutrition quality determination of surimi, purified enzyme increases the reactive SH and gel strength of surimi prepared from frozen mackerel, processing of surimi-based products
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.8.3.2thiol oxidase nutrition flavor modification of ultra-high temperature milk
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.8.3.2thiol oxidase nutrition elimination of cooked flavour in ultra-high temperature commercially sterile milk, may have other applications for flavour modification
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.10.3.1catechol oxidase nutrition the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products
Show all pathways known for 1.11.1.7Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.11.1.7peroxidase nutrition POD is an indicator of quality deterioration such as flavour loss and various biodegradation reactions, and is also relevant to enzymatic browning
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.11.1.13manganese peroxidase nutrition biotechnological applications related to animal feeding
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.11.2procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase nutrition expression level of prolyl 4-hydroxylase is higher in muscle than in adipose tissue and further depends on growth stage and animal strain
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.14.B11nicotine demethylase nutrition inhibition of gene expression by RNAi leads to up ot sixfold decrease in nornicotine content with concomitant decrease in N'-nitrosonornicotine and total tobacco-specific nitrosamines
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.14.B11nicotine demethylase nutrition while the nornicotine content of most commercial burley tobacco is low, a process termed conversion can bestow considerably increased nornicotine levels in a portion of the plants within the population. Transcript accumulation of isoform CYP82E4 is enhanced as much as 80fold in converter vs nonconverter tobacco. An optimized RNAi construct 82E4Ri298 suppresses nicotine to nornicotine conversion from 98% to as low as 0.8% in a strong converter tobacco line, a rate of nornicotine production that is about 3.6fold lower than typically detected in commercial varieties. Greenhouse-grown transgenic plants transformed with the RNAi construct are morphologically indistinguishable from the empty vector or wild-type controls
Show all pathways known for 1.14.14.17Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.14.17squalene monooxygenase nutrition expression of myogenic marker genes (Myog, Myod, and Myh4) and adipogenic marker genes (Pparg, Cebpa, and Adipoq) is substantially downregulated in cells transfected with squalene epoxidase siRNA. mRNA expression levels of ROS scavengers, which affect meat quality by altering protein oxidation processes, are significantly downregulated by squalene epoxidase knockdown
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.14.81flavanoid 3',5'-hydroxylase nutrition the strong catechin-associated SNPs identified in this study can be used for future marker-assisted selection to improve tea quality
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.14.82flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase nutrition the enzyme may be a good candidate for biotechnological applications aimed at obtaining new flower colours or at increasing the production of compounds important both for the physiology of the plant and for the promotion of human health
Show all pathways known for 1.14.15.24Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.15.24beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase nutrition engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of the food and feed additive astaxanthin by fermentation. The astaxanthin-producing Yarrowia lipolytica shows great promise for employment in biological astaxanthin production. The genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousa are introduced. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain are optimized. Downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increases the beta-carotene titer. Then a beta-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis are introduced to convert beta-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulates 10.4 mg/l of astaxanthin but also accumulates astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 mg/l canthaxanthin, and 35.3 mg/l echinenone. The copy numbers of crtZ and crtW are optimized to obtain 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight (54.6 mg/l) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation
Show all pathways known for 1.14.18.1Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.18.1tyrosinase nutrition the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products
Show all pathways known for 1.14.18.1Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.18.1tyrosinase nutrition the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods. The inhibitors used in this study can be used safely in making herb cheese
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.19.3acyl-CoA 6-desaturase nutrition evaluating D6D activity in preterm infants is important for better nutritional management
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.19.6acyl-CoA (9+3)-desaturase nutrition after functional expression of a DELTA12 fatty acid desaturase gene from Spinacia oleracea in transgenic Sus scrofa levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in adipocytes that have differentiated in vitro from cells derived from the transgenic pigs are about 10 times higher than those from wild-type pigs. In addition, the white adipose tissue of transgenic pigs contained about 20% more linoleic acid (18:2n-6) than that of wild-type pigs. These results demonstrate the functional expression of a plant gene for a fatty acid desaturase in mammals, opening up the possibility of modifying the fatty acid composition of products from domestic animals by transgenic technology, using plant genes for fatty acid desaturases
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.19.35sn-2 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin) nutrition potential of the engineered plastidial omega-3 desaturase from sesame to influence the profile of alpha-linolenic acid in transgenic tobacco plant by shifting the carbon flux from linoleic acid, the enzyme can be used in suitable genetic engineering strategy to increase the alpha-linolenic acid content in sesame and other vegetable oils
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.19.47acyl-lipid (9-3)-desaturase nutrition product yields are markedly enhanced by codon optimization of the Pythium gene. The redundancy in substrate utilization of the enzyme the codon-optimized gene can be exploited as potential genetic tool for production of nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids by reconstituting fatty acid profile in biological systems of commercial interest through n-3 or n-6 pathway
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.99.4progesterone monooxygenase nutrition multiple drugs, pesticides and therapeutic agents are used in aquaculturing of channel catfish, flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymatic systems can metabolize these chemicals in the fish
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.99.4progesterone monooxygenase nutrition enzyme plays a significant role in biotransformation of pesticides in rainbow trout
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.99.63beta-carotene 4-ketolase nutrition engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for de novo production of the food and feed additive astaxanthin by fermentation. The astaxanthin-producing Yarrowia lipolytica shows great promise for employment in biological astaxanthin production. The genes for beta-carotene biosynthesis: bi-functional phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase (crtYB) and phytoene desaturase (crtI) from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousa are introduced. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG1) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGS1/crtE) in the best producing strain and optimized. Downregulation of the competing squalene synthase SQS1 increases the beta-carotene titer. Then a beta-carotene ketolase (crtW) from Paracoccus sp. N81106 and hydroxylase (crtZ) from Pantoea ananatis are introduced to convert beta-carotene into astaxanthin. The constructed strain accumulates 10.4 mg/l of astaxanthin but also accumulates astaxanthin biosynthesis intermediates, 5.7 mg/l canthaxanthin, and 35.3 mg/l echinenone. The copy numbers of crtZ and crtW are optimized to obtain 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight (54.6 mg/l) of astaxanthin in a microtiter plate cultivation
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.14.99.63beta-carotene 4-ketolase nutrition rice endosperm can be engineered to produce nutritionally important ketocarotenoids. The limited activity of endogenous beta-carotene hydroxylases causes a bottleneck in the extended ketocarotenoid pathway that must be overcome in order to maximize flux towards target ketocarotenoid molecules
Show all pathways known for 1.16.3.1Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.16.3.1ferroxidase nutrition treatment of rabbits with standard common rabbit diet and water ad libitum containing 40 mg fluoride per liter results in significant decrease of ceruloplasmin level in serum by days 35 and 70, with concomitant increase of serum adenosine eaminase and C-reactive protein
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.16.3.2bacterial non-heme ferritin nutrition thermostable ferritin can be used in production of clean drinking water and process water. Thermostable ferritin is an excellent system for rapid phosphate and arsenate removal from aqueous solutions down to residual concentrations at the picomolar level
Show all pathways known for 1.17.1.4Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.17.1.4xanthine dehydrogenase nutrition xanthine oxidoreductase associated with milk phospholipid membranes is found to be distributed among an intra-membranous pool in which it takes the form of a mixture of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, with a clear predominance of xanthine dehydrogenase, and a free pool of xanthine oxidase, of which 33% is found in the outer surface of milk fat globule membrane, 20.5% in the outer surface of whey membrane particles, and the remaining 46.7% in apparent solution. The inner-membrane xanthine oxidoreductase may play a nonenzymatic role in fat secretion, whereas extramembranous xanthine oxidase is freely available for a role in the innate gland immune system and may affect milk quality
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 1.21.3.6aureusidin synthase nutrition nutritional qualities of leafy vegetables can be enhanced through the introduction of aurone biosynthetic pathways
Show all pathways known for 2.1.1.5Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.5betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase nutrition activity and mRNA abundance of hepatic BHMT are greater with restricted water intake and increase with choline supplementation. Enhanced supply of choline during negative energy balance increases hepatic activity of BHMT and MTR to regenerate methionine and phosphatidylcholine, partly to help clear triacylglycerols
Show all pathways known for 2.1.1.5Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.5betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase nutrition dietary zinc might be important for the alleviation of oxidative stress and the clearance of homocysteine in high-fat-diet-pretreated mice
Show all pathways known for 2.1.1.5Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.5betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase nutrition rats fed a casein-based diet lacking folate exhibit a 53% increase in circulating homocysteine concentrations compared with rats fed a casein-based diet including folate. Serum homocysteine does not differ between rats fed casein-based diet including folate and egg protein-based diet lacking folate. Hepatic BHMT activity is increased by 45% and 40% by the egg protein-based diet and whole egg-based diet compared with the casein-based diets, respectively
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.77protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase nutrition enzymatic detection of L-isoaspartyl residues in food proteins
Show all pathways known for 2.1.1.95Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.95tocopherol C-methyltransferase nutrition increase in the alpha-tocopherol content in the soybean seed, due to transgenically modulated enzyme activity, could have a potential to significantly increase the dietary intake of vitamin E
Show all pathways known for 2.1.1.156Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.156glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase nutrition enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally
Show all pathways known for 2.1.1.157Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.1.1.157sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase nutrition enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally
Show all pathways known for 2.3.1.15Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.15glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase nutrition PpGPAT9 may be another genetic resource to enhance storage oil yields from oilseed crops
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.26sterol O-acyltransferase nutrition increase in enzyme activity in animals fed with palmitic acid. No difference in hepatic enzyme activity in animals fed with oleic acid or linoleic acid
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.26sterol O-acyltransferase nutrition feeding a diet suplemented with linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid or conjugated linolenic acid results in decrease in plasma cholesterol, with conjugated linoleic acid being the most effective. Diets have no effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, liver X receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and cholesterol-7-hydroxylase. The four octadecaenoic acids increase the excretion of fecal neutral sterols with conjugated linoleic acid being most effective followed by alphga-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid is associated with the least intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity followed by alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid in a decreasing trend
Show all pathways known for 2.3.1.37Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.375-aminolevulinate synthase nutrition enzyme expressed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants demonstrate functional complementation in the chlorophyll biosynthesis and open strategies for producing tolerance against inhibitors of the C5 pathway
Show all pathways known for 2.3.1.41Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.41beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I nutrition target for the engineering of plant seed oils
Show all pathways known for 2.3.1.54Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.54formate C-acetyltransferase nutrition plays a significant role in industrial milk fermentation
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.79maltose O-acetyltransferase nutrition biotechnologically attractive for the modification of starch and maltooligosaccharides
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.84alcohol O-acetyltransferase nutrition polishing of rice for use in sake brewing is necessary to remove inositol from rice, thereby increasing AATase activity. A high AATase activity leads to an abundance of acetate esters of higher alcohols in sake, such as isoamyl acetate, one of the most favorable odor-enhancing compounds
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.85fatty-acid synthase system nutrition animals fed with semipurified diets containing either 1% w/w corn oil or 10% each of beef tallow, corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil. Enzyme activity is reduced in the polyunsaturated fat-fed group in the order of fish oil, perilla oil, and corn oil
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.91sinapoylglucose-choline O-sinapoyltransferase nutrition in crop plants, sinapate esters are antinutritive compounds. They contribute to the bitter taste and astringency of seed products. Sinapate esters form complexes with proteins during seed oil processing, thus compromising the use of the valuable seed meal for animal feed and preventing it from being used as human food supplement. Thus, there is a fundamental interest in reducing the amount of sinapate esters in the seed. Suppressing the expression of the key enzymes in sinapine synthesis, sinapoylglucose:choline O-napoyltransferase (BnSCT) and UDP-glucose:sinapate glucosyltransferase (BnSGT1), by techniques such as dsRNAi should by a valuable step in establishing Brassica napus, an important oil crop, as a protein crop as well
Show all pathways known for 2.3.1.110Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.110tyramine N-feruloyltransferase nutrition production of plant secondary metabolites
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.115isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase nutrition health-promoting neutraceutical
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.156phloroisovalerophenone synthase nutrition cones of the hop plant used in the beer-brewing process
Show all pathways known for 2.3.1.176Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.1.176propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase nutrition wild-type mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet show increased weight gain, hepatic lipid, and bileacid accumulation. SCP-2 overexpression further exacerbates hepatic lipid accumulation in cholesterol-fed females and males. Primarily in female mice, hepatic cholesterol accumulation induced by SCP-2 overexpression is associated with increased levels of LDL receptor, HDL-receptor scavenger receptor SR-B1, liver fatty acid binding protein L-FABP, and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, without alteration of other proteins involved in cholesterol uptake, esterification, efflux, or oxidation/transport of bile salts. The effects of SCP-2 overexpression and cholesterol-rich diet are downregulation of proteins involved in cholesterol transport like L-FABP and SR-B1, cholesterolsynthesis related to sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 and HMG-CoA reductase, and bile acid oxidation/transport
Show all pathways known for 2.3.2.2Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.2.2gamma-glutamyltransferase nutrition mutant enzyme D445A is suitable for fermentation of soy sauce and miso
Show all pathways known for 2.3.2.2Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.2.2gamma-glutamyltransferase nutrition the enzyme is suitable for food fermentation under high salt conditions, e.g. the fermentation of soy sauce and miso
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.2.13protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase nutrition MTGase treatment significantly increases the denaturation temperature of beta-lactoglobulin in whey protein isolate, from 71.84°C in the untreated sample to 78.50°C after 30 h of incubation with MTGase. Increase in ´denaturation temperature is primarily due to covalent cross-linking and not due to an increase in nonpolar interactions within the protein. The surface hydrophobicity of the protein decreases upon cross-linking, due to occlusion of the hydrophobic cavities to the fluorescent probes. The cross-linked protein exhibits a U-shaped pH-stability profile with maximumturbidity at pH 4.0-4.5
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.3.2.13protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase nutrition the functionality of light roasted peanut flour dispersions containing supplemental casein is altered after polymerization with microbial transglutaminase. The formation of high molecular weight covalent cross-links is observed. The gelling temperature of TGase-treated peanut flour dispersions containing 2.5% casein is significantly raised compared to the nontreated peanut flour-casein control solutions. The gel strength and water holding capacity of cross-linked peanut flour-casein test samples containing 5% casein is increased, while the yield stress and apparent viscosity are lowered compared to control dispersions. Casein is an effective cosubstrate with peanut flour for creating TGase-modified peanut flour-casein dispersions for use as a novel high protein food ingredient
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.5dextransucrase nutrition industrial production of dextrans, that find use for texture improvement in the food industry, e.g. milk drinks, yogurts and ice cream
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.5dextransucrase nutrition immobilisation of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F in alginate is optimised for applications in a fluidised bed reactor with high concentrated sugar solutions, in order to allow a continuous formation of defined oligosaccharides as prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides
Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.5dextransucrase nutrition production of controlled molecular weight isomaltooligosaccharides and oligodextrans from sucrose using the combined activity of a dextransucrase, EC 2.4.1.5, from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and endodextranase, EC 3.2.1.11, from Penicillium lilacinum. Higher substrate and dextranase concentrations give rise to products with lower molecular sizes and a dextransucrase/dextranase ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 appears to produce a polymer with a molecular weight which is desirable for prebiotic use
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.11Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.11glycogen(starch) synthase nutrition calorie restriciton does not alter glycogen synthase or glycogen phosphatase activity/protein levels in young rats. Calorie restriction hinders age-related decreases in glycogen synthase activity/protein, unrelated to glycogen synthase mRNA levels, and glycogen synthase inactivation-phosphorylation
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.18Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.181,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme nutrition cooking and textural characteristics of rice depend not only on the ratio of amylose, but also on the degree of amylopectin branching. Short chains of glucose with a degree of polymerization (DP)of 6–9 inhibit retrogradation. In vivo modification of starches using genetic engineering holds potential for both enhancing nutritional qualities and for obviating post-harvest modifications often necessary for utilization of this complex carbohydrate
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.18Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.181,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme nutrition production of very-high-amylose potato starch by simultaneous inhibition of SBE A and SBE B to a level of less than 1% using an antisense construct
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.19Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.19cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase nutrition -
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.19Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.19cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase nutrition application as antistaling agent, retards the deterioration process in bread
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.19Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.19cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase nutrition important enzyme in food industry
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.19Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.19cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase nutrition used for producing linear oligosaccharides, serving as sweeteners
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.21Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.21starch synthase (glycosyl-transferring) nutrition analysis of the natural variations of isoforms granule-bound starch synthase GBSSI, starch synthases SSI and SSIIa and their effect on starch properties and eating quality of rice. Rice with the combinantion of the Wx allele for GBSSI and the alk allele for SSIIa has soft and sticky texture both after cooking and after storage. Variation of SSI alleles hardly affects the eating quality
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.25Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.254-alpha-glucanotransferase nutrition potential applications in the starch industry
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.25Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.254-alpha-glucanotransferase nutrition cycloamylose will be used in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries
Show all pathways known for 2.4.1.25Display the word mapDisplay the reaction diagram Show all sequences 2.4.1.254-alpha-glucanotransferase nutrition acting on gelatinized food-grade potato starch, PyAMase produced a thermoreversible starch product with gelatin-like properties. This thermoreversible gel has potential applications in the food industry
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