Information on EC 4.4.1.9 - L-3-cyanoalanine synthase:
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota

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EC NUMBERCOMMENTARY
4.4.1.9-

RECOMMENDED NAMEGeneOntology No.
L-3-cyanoalanine synthaseGO:0050017

REACTIONREACTION DIAGRAMCOMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
L-cysteine + hydrogen cyanide = L-3-cyanoalanine + hydrogen sulfide
show the reaction diagram		----
L-cysteine + hydrogen cyanide = L-3-cyanoalanine + hydrogen sulfide
show the reaction diagram		stereochemistryLupinus sp.-34729

REACTION TYPEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
elimination--beta-replacement; of H2S or RSH, C-S bond cleavage-

PATHWAYKEGG LinkMetaCyc Link
cyanide degradation-P401-PWY
cyanide detoxification I-ASPSYNII-PWY
Cyanoamino acid metabolism00460 -
Metabolic pathways01100 -

SYSTEMATIC NAMEIUBMB Comments
L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding hydrogen cyanide; L-3-cyanoalanine-forming)Contains pyridoxal phospate.

SYNONYMSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
AtcysC1Arabidopsis thaliana--653464
beta-CASZonocerus variegatus--680158
beta-CASHevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.--706135
beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase----
beta-cyano-L-alanine synthaseZonocerus variegatus--680158
beta-cyano-L-alanine synthaseBacillus megaterium--704926
beta-cyanoalanine synthase----
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseSolanum tuberosum--653462
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseArabidopsis thaliana--653464
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseNicotiana tabacum--653555
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseDigitaria ischaemum--666539
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseZonocerus variegatus--680158
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseSolanum lycopersicum--682304
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseMalus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2; 682356
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseOryza sativa--693422
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseEchinochloa crus-galli--693811
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseBacillus megaterium--704926
beta-cyanoalanine synthaseHevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.--706135
beta-cyanoalanine synthetaseBacillus megaterium--704926
Bsas3Arabidopsis thaliana--653511
Bsas3Spinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511
BsasAManihot esculentaB0FTX3, E3VVM4-716554
BsasBManihot esculentaB0FTX3, E3VVM4-716554
CASSolanum tuberosum--653462
CASNicotiana tabacum--653559
CASSolanum lycopersicum--682304
CASOryza sativa--693422
CASEchinochloa crus-galli--693811
CAS1Nicotiana tabacum--653555
CAS1Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2-682356
CAS2Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2-682356
cyanoalanine synthaseSpinacia oleracea--652652
L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyaseBacillus megaterium--704926
L-cysteine: hydrogen sulphide lyaseZonocerus variegatus--680158
O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylaseGeobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590
PCAS-1Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388
PCAS-2Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388
synthase,.beta.-cyanoalanine----

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERCOMMENTARY
9059-53-4-

ORGANISMCOMMENTARYLITERATURESEQUENCE CODESEQUENCE DB SOURCE
Allium ampeloprasumleek34720--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Allium cepaonion34738--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Arabidopsis thaliana-653464, 653511Q9S757SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Arabidopsis thaliana-716516--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bacillus megaterium-34726, 704926--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chlorella sp.-34727--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chromobacterium violaceum-34721--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cucumis sativuscucumber34738--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Dianthus caryophylluscarnation flower34731--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Digitaria ischaemum-666539--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Echinochloa crus-gallibarnyard grass693811--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Escherichia coli-34725, 34727--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Geobacillus stearothermophilus-652590Q84IF9SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Hevea brasiliensis-34733--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hevea brasiliensis; rubber tree706135--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hordeum vulgarebarley34719, 34738--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lathyrus latifolius-34717--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lupinus sp.-34716, 34723, 34724, 34727, 34728, 34729--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Malus sylvestrisapple34734--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Malus x domesticacv. Fuji682356Q1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Manihot esculentabifunctional beta-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase with a beta-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase activity ratio of 72716554E3VVM4UniProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Manihot esculentacysteine synthase showing beta-cyanoalanine synthase capabilities with a beta-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase activity ratio of 11716554B0FTX3UniProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Nicotiana tabacumL. cv. Samsun653559--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nicotiana tabacumL. cv. Samsun, isoenzyme CAS1653555--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Oryza sativa-693422--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Oryza sativarice34738--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Paropsis atomaria-34732--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Persea gratissimaavocado34734--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Pisum sativumpea34720--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Solanum lycopersicumcv. Micro-Tom682304--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Solanum tuberosumcv. Danshaku637388Q76MX2, Q9FS29SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Solanum tuberosumcv. Danshaku653462--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Solanum tuberosumpotato34735--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sorghum bicolor-34720--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii-34720--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Spinacia oleracea-652652--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Spinacia oleracea-653511Q43153SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Spinacia oleraceaL. cv. Medina637378--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Spinacia oleraceaspinach34718--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Spodoptera eridaniasouthern armyworm34736--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Trichoplusia nicabbage looper moth34736--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Triticum aestivum-716028--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Vicia sativaimmobilization of enzyme34722--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Vicia sativa subsp. nigra-34716--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Xanthium pennsylvanicum-34737, 34738--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zea maysmaize34720, 34730--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zonocerus variegatus-680158--Manually annotated by BRENDA team

GENERAL INFORMATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
physiological functionTriticum aestivum, Triticum aestivum Tugela DN-exposure of seedlings to 100 microM KCN for 4 d in nitrogen-replete or nitrogen-free nutrient solution. Activity of both cyanoalanine synthase and asparaginase is significantly higher for the nitrogen-free cyanide-containing solution as compared to plants from the nitrogen-replete solution. The cyanide treatment in the presence of nitrogen is generally intermediate to these two other treatments but is not significantly different from the control treatment716028
physiological functionArabidopsis thaliana-T-DNA insertion mutants of the mitochondrial beta-cyanoalanine synthase CYS-C1 are defective in root hair formation and accumulate cyanide in root tissues. The root hair defect is phenocopied in wild-type plants by the exogenous addition of cyanide to the growth medium and is reversed by the addition of hydroxocobalamin or by genetic complementation with the CYS-C1 gene. Hydroxocobalamin not only recovers the root phenotype of the mutant but also the formation of reactive oxygen species at the initial step of root hair tip growth. Cyanide accumulation acts as a repressive signal for several genes encoding enzymes involved in cell wall rebuilding and the formation of the root hair tip as well as genes involved in ethylene signaling and metabolism716516

SUBSTRATEPRODUCT                      REACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY/
Substrate		 LITERATURE/
Substrate		 COMMENTARY/
Product		 LITERATURE/
Product		 Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-chloro-L-alanine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34716--ir
chloroalanine + sulfideL-cysteine + Cl-
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--637378-637378?
chloroalanine + sulfideL-cysteine + Cl-
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--652652-652652?
L-cysteine + CN-sulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Digitaria ischaemum--666539--?
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Vicia sativa--34722--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34716-34716ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34723, 34724, 34727, 34728, 34729--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Escherichia coli--34725, 34727--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Hordeum vulgare--34719--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--34718--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Pisum sativum, Zea mays--34720--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Zea mays--34730--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosum--34735--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Bacillus megaterium--34726, 704926--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Allium ampeloprasum--34720--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Chromobacterium violaceum--34721--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Sorghum bicolor--34720--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Hevea brasiliensis--706135--?
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Hevea brasiliensis--34733--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Trichoplusia ni--34736-34736ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Malus sylvestris--34734--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Lathyrus latifolius--34717--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii--34720--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Persea gratissima--34734--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Chlorella sp.--34727--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Dianthus caryophyllus--34731--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Paropsis atomaria--34732--ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spodoptera eridania--34736-34736ir
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2-682356--?
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Chlorella sp. Berlin--34727--ir
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--637378-637378?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--652652-652652?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosum--653462-653462?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Nicotiana tabacum--653555-653555?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Nicotiana tabacum--653559-653559?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Oryza sativa--693422--?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Echinochloa crus-galli--693811--?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thalianaQ9S757-653464-653464?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thaliana--653511-653511?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388-637388?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511-653511?
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea-73% of activity with chloroanaline637378-637378?
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34723---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Hevea brasiliensis--34733---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Malus sylvestris--34734---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Vicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Persea gratissima--34734---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Dianthus caryophyllus--34731---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.-detoxification of cyanide in plants and first step of L-asparagine biosynthesis34716---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Trichoplusia ni, Spodoptera eridania-CN- tolerance in insects34736---
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Hevea brasiliensis-assay at pH 8.9, 35°C706135--?
L-cysteine + methanethiolS-methyl-L-cysteine + ?
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--34718-34718?
L-cysteine + methanethiolS-methyl-L-cysteine + ?
show the reaction diagram		Vicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716-34716?
L-cysteine + NaCNL-3-cyanoalanin + Na2S
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--34718---
L-cysteine + NaCNL-3-cyanoalanin + Na2S
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388---
L-cysteine + NaCNL-3-cyanoalanin + Na2S
show the reaction diagram		Zonocerus variegatus--680158--?
L-cysteine + NaCNL-3-cyanoalanin + Na2S
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thalianaQ9S757-653464---
L-cysteine + NaCNL-3-cyanoalanin + Na2S
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thaliana--653511---
L-cysteine + NaCNL-3-cyanoalanin + Na2S
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511---
O-acetyl-L-serine + benzylmercaptanS-benzyl-L-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + CN-acetate + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + ethylmercaptanS-ethyl-L-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + methylmercaptanS-methyl-L-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + phenolS-phenyl-L-serine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + phenylmercaptanS-phenyl-L-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + propylmercaptanS-propyl-L-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--637378-637378?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--652652-652652?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388---
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosum--653462-653462?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thalianaQ9S757-653464-653464?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388-637388?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleraceaQ431530.3% of activity with L-cysteine653511-653511?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thaliana-0.6% of activity with L-cysteine653511-653511?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea-2.35% of activity with chloroanaline637378-637378?
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9970% of activity with potassium cyanide652590-652590?
O-acetylserine + H2Scysteine + acetic acid
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34724-34724?
O-acetylserine + H2Scysteine + acetic acid
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--34718-34718ir
O-acetylserine + HCNbeta-cyanoalanine + acetic acid
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34724-34724ir
O-acetylserine + HCNbeta-cyanoalanine + acetic acid
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--34718-34718?
L-cysteine + pyrazolebeta-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + ?
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--34718-34718?
additional information?-Lupinus sp.--34716, 34728---
additional information?-Spinacia oleracea--34718---
additional information?-Bacillus megaterium--34726---
additional information?-Chromobacterium violaceum--34721---
additional information?-Vicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716---
additional information?-Lathyrus latifolius--34717---
additional information?-Lupinus sp.-formation of S-hydroxyethylcysteine with cysteine or chloroalanine as amino-acid substrate, some small thiols, methanethiol, ethanethiol: replacing agent34723---
additional information?-Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472--34721---

NATURAL SUBSTRATESNATURAL PRODUCTSREACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY SUBSTRATELITERATURE
(Substrate)		COMMENTARY PRODUCTLITERATURE
(Product)
chloroalanine + sulfideL-cysteine + Cl-
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--652652-652652
L-cysteine + HCNH2S + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Bacillus megaterium--704926--
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--637378-637378
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--652652-652652
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosum--653462-653462
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Nicotiana tabacum--653555-653555
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Nicotiana tabacum--653559-653559
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thalianaQ9S757-653464-653464
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thaliana--653511-653511
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388-637388
L-cysteine + HCNsulfide + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511-653511
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.--34723--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Hevea brasiliensis--34733--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Malus sylvestris--34734--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Vicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Persea gratissima--34734--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Dianthus caryophyllus--34731--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Lupinus sp.-detoxification of cyanide in plants and first step of L-asparagine biosynthesis34716--
L-cysteine + HCN?
show the reaction diagram		Trichoplusia ni, Spodoptera eridania-CN- tolerance in insects34736--
O-acetyl-L-serine + CN-acetate + L-3-cyanoalanine
show the reaction diagram		Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590-652590
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--637378-637378
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleracea--652652-652652
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosum--653462-653462
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thalianaQ9S757-653464-653464
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388-637388
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Spinacia oleraceaQ431530.3% of activity with L-cysteine653511-653511
O-acetyl-L-serine + sulfideL-cysteine + acetate
show the reaction diagram		Arabidopsis thaliana-0.6% of activity with L-cysteine653511-653511

COFACTORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATUREIMAGE
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateLupinus sp.-firmly bound34716 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateLathyrus latifolius-1 mol per mol of subunit34717 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateSpinacia oleracea, Spinacia oleracea Atlanta, Spinacia oleracea Melody, Spinacia oleracea Mn-SOD-1 mol per mol of subunit34718 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-1.7 mol per mol of enzyme34721 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateLupinus sp.-1 mol per mol protein34723 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateSpinacia oleracea, Spinacia oleracea Atlanta, Spinacia oleracea Melody, Spinacia oleracea Mn-SOD--637378 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateGeobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateSolanum tuberosum--653462 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateArabidopsis thaliana--653464 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateNicotiana tabacum--653555, 653559 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateOryza sativa--693422 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateEchinochloa crus-galli--693811 2D-image
pyridoxal 5'-phosphateBacillus megaterium, Bacillus megaterium 142, Bacillus megaterium 14945, Bacillus megaterium 216, Bacillus megaterium 410, Bacillus megaterium 899, Bacillus megaterium A9542, Bacillus megaterium AKG-1, Bacillus megaterium AS1.223, Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945, Bacillus megaterium B6, Bacillus megaterium BM1, Bacillus megaterium BX1, Bacillus megaterium CII 19, Bacillus megaterium D101, Bacillus megaterium DSM319, Bacillus megaterium DSM509, Bacillus megaterium ECU1001, Bacillus megaterium IAM 1030, Bacillus megaterium KM, Bacillus megaterium LA 199, Bacillus megaterium M1286, Bacillus megaterium MI286, Bacillus megaterium NIHB 12, Bacillus megaterium No5, Bacillus megaterium NRLL B939, Bacillus megaterium PYR2910, Bacillus megaterium QM, Bacillus megaterium QM Bl551, Bacillus megaterium QN 8155, Bacillus megaterium WRU 370-contains 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mol of protein704926 2D-image
additional informationLupinus sp.-no cofactors required34728-

METALS and IONS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY LITERATURE
Ca2+Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-slight stimulation34721
K+Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-stimulates34721
Zn2+Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-slight stimulation34721

INHIBITORSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
3-aminopropionateLupinus sp.--34723 2D-image
aminooxyacetic acidChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391--34721 2D-image
aminooxyacetic acidLupinus sp.--34723 2D-image
Benzoic acidChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391--34721 2D-image
Beta-cyano-L-alanineChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391--34721 2D-image
chloroalanineSpinacia oleracea-uncompetitive vs. L-cysteine652652 2D-image
chloroanalineSpinacia oleracea-substrate inhibition637378-
cyanideOryza sativa--693422 2D-image
cyanoalanineSpinacia oleracea-uncompetitive vs. O-acetyl-L-serine, noncompetitive vs. chloroalanine and L-cysteine652652 2D-image
EDTAChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391--34721 2D-image
ethyleneOryza sativa-down-regulates CAS expression in etiolated rice seedlings693422 2D-image
HgCl2Lupinus sp.--34728 2D-image
homocysteineSpinacia oleracea-uncompetitive vs. O-acetyl-L-serine, noncompetitive vs. chloroalanine and L-cysteine652652 2D-image
hydroxylamineLathyrus latifolius--34717 2D-image
hydroxylamineChromobacterium violaceum-slight34721 2D-image
hydroxylamineLupinus sp.-slight34728 2D-image
iodoacetamideChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391--34721 2D-image
iodoacetamideLupinus sp.--34728 2D-image
iodoacetic acidChromobacterium violaceum--34721 2D-image
iodoacetic acidLupinus sp.--34728 2D-image
KCNChromobacterium violaceum-high concentrations34721 2D-image
KCNSpinacia oleracea-uncompetitive vs. O-acetyl-L-serine, noncompetitive vs. L-cysteine652652 2D-image
L-cysteineChromobacterium violaceum-high concentrations34721 2D-image
L-cysteineSpinacia oleracea-substrate inhibition637378 2D-image
L-methionineChromobacterium violaceum--34721 2D-image
N-ethylmaleimideLupinus sp.--34728 2D-image
NaBH4Chromobacterium violaceum--34721 2D-image
NaBH4Lupinus sp.--34723, 34724, 34728 2D-image
O-Acetyl-L-serineChromobacterium violaceum--34721 2D-image
O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleracea-substrate inhibition637378 2D-image
O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleracea-uncompetitive vs. O-acetyl-L-serine, noncompetitive vs. chloroalanine652652 2D-image
p-chloromercuribenzoateChromobacterium violaceum--34721 2D-image
p-chloromercuribenzoateLupinus sp.--34728 2D-image
salicylic acidSolanum tuberosum--34735 2D-image
SemicarbazideChromobacterium violaceum-slight34721 2D-image
Sodium borohydrideLathyrus latifolius--34717 2D-image
sodium thiocyanateSpinacia oleracea-uncompetitive vs. O-acetyl-L-serine652652 2D-image
Sulfhydryl reagentsChromobacterium violaceum--34721 2D-image

ACTIVATING COMPOUNDORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylateSolanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum Fe-SOD, Solanum lycopersicum Mill., Solanum lycopersicum Moneymaker, Solanum lycopersicum Suzanne-induces CAS expression682304 2D-image
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acidSolanum tuberosum-stimulates34735 2D-image
2,4-DOryza sativa-activates CAS expression at 10 mM, 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin693422 2D-image
3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxideSolanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum Fe-SOD, Solanum lycopersicum Mill., Solanum lycopersicum Moneymaker, Solanum lycopersicum Suzanne-co-induction by cell wall protein with elicitin activity from Pythium oligandrum and 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide682304 2D-image
auxinOryza sativa-upregulates CAS expression693422 2D-image
benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl esterSolanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum Fe-SOD, Solanum lycopersicum Mill., Solanum lycopersicum Moneymaker, Solanum lycopersicum Suzanne--682304 2D-image
brassinolideEchinochloa crus-galli-increases CAS activity at 0.01 mM693811 2D-image
ethyleneHordeum vulgare, Hordeum vulgare Bob, Hordeum vulgare L., Oryza sativa, Xanthium pennsylvanicum-activates mitochondrial enzyme34738 2D-image
ethyleneMalus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2; 682356 2D-image
L-asparagineBacillus megaterium--704926 2D-image
L-cysteineBacillus megaterium--704926 2D-image
quincloracEchinochloa crus-galli-increases CAS activity at 0.1 mM693811 2D-image
validamycin ASolanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum Fe-SOD, Solanum lycopersicum Mill., Solanum lycopersicum Moneymaker, Solanum lycopersicum Suzanne--682304 2D-image
L-serineBacillus megaterium--704926 2D-image
additional informationSolanum lycopersicum-induction of CAS expression by cell wall protein with elicitin activity from Pythium oligandrum, coincides with ethylene production and may be induced by it. No significant induction at 4 h by abiotic stresses like bovine serum albumin, NaCl, mechanical wounding, drought, heat shocks, osmotic stress by mannitol and glucose, and dark treatments. Only very low level of induction of expression by cold stress, no induction with either salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate, no up-regulation by synthetic chemical 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid682304-
additional informationMalus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2CAS1 and CAS2 mRNAs are coordinately induced during the ripening process of apple fruits, enzyme activity is also enhanced as the fruit ripens, although this increase is not as dramatic as the mRNA induction pattern, genes also activated effectively by mechanical wounding; CAS1 and CAS2 mRNAs are coordinately induced during the ripening process of apple fruits, enzyme activity is also enhanced as the fruit ripens, although this increase is not as dramatic as the mRNA induction pattern, genes also activated effectively by mechanical wounding682356-

KM VALUE [mM]KM VALUE [mM] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
0.66-2-mercaptoethanolLupinus sp.--34716 2D-image
10-2-mercaptoethanolLupinus sp.--34716 2D-image
0.54-chloroalanineSpinacia oleracea--652652 2D-image
0.6-chloroanalineSpinacia oleracea-26°C, pH 9.8637378-
0.13-CN-Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29pH 8.5637388 2D-image
0.235-CN-Solanum tuberosum-pH 8.5653462 2D-image
0.5-cyanideVicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716 2D-image
0.51-cyanideLathyrus latifolius--34717 2D-image
0.57-cyanideZea mays--34730 2D-image
5.5-cyanideLupinus sp.--34724, 34728 2D-image
0.87-cysteineLupinus sp.--34716 2D-image
0.27-HCNOryza sativa-wild type enzyme693422 2D-image
0.31-HCNOryza sativa-recombinant enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae693422 2D-image
0.67-HCNOryza sativa-recombinant enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana693422 2D-image
0.02-KCNArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 10.0653464 2D-image
0.06-KCNArabidopsis thaliana--653511 2D-image
0.1-KCNSpinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511 2D-image
0.18-KCNLupinus sp.--34716 2D-image
55-KCNLupinus sp.--34716 2D-image
0.14-L-cysteineArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 10.0653464 2D-image
0.39-L-cysteineZonocerus variegatus--680158 2D-image
0.4-L-cysteineSpinacia oleracea--652652 2D-image
0.41-L-cysteineSpinacia oleracea-26°C, pH 9.8637378 2D-image
0.84-L-cysteineOryza sativa-wild type enzyme693422 2D-image
0.91-L-cysteineOryza sativa-recombinant enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae693422 2D-image
1.07-L-cysteineOryza sativa-recombinant enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana693422 2D-image
1.6-L-cysteineLathyrus latifolius--34717 2D-image
2.14-L-cysteineSpinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511 2D-image
2.3-L-cysteineSpinacia oleracea--34718 2D-image
2.5-L-cysteineLupinus sp.--34724, 34728 2D-image
2.54-L-cysteineArabidopsis thaliana--653511 2D-image
2.6-L-cysteineZea mays--34730 2D-image
2.76-L-cysteineSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29pH 8.5637388 2D-image
2.82-L-cysteineSolanum tuberosum-pH 8.5653462 2D-image
0.04-Na2SArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 8.0653464 2D-image
0.75-Na2SSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29pH 7.5637388 2D-image
1.52Na2SSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29pH 7.5637388 2D-image
3.57-Na2SSpinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511 2D-image
8.24-Na2SArabidopsis thaliana--653511 2D-image
0.73-NaCNSpinacia oleracea--34718 2D-image
6.25-NaCNZonocerus variegatus--680158 2D-image
0.134-O-Acetyl-L-serineSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29pH 7.5637388 2D-image
1.3-O-Acetyl-L-serineSolanum tuberosum-pH 8.5653462 2D-image
2.14-O-Acetyl-L-serineSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29pH 7.5637388 2D-image
8.03-O-Acetyl-L-serineArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 8.0653464 2D-image
9.73-O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleracea-26°C, pH 9.8637378 2D-image
10.5-O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleracea--652652 2D-image
14.48-O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleraceaQ43153-653511 2D-image
39.88-O-Acetyl-L-serineArabidopsis thaliana--653511 2D-image
9.51-SulfideSolanum tuberosum-pH 8.5653462 2D-image
3.6-L-cysteineVicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716 2D-image
additional information-additional informationChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391--34721-
additional information-additional informationZea mays--34730-

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s] TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s] SUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
2.17-KCNArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 10.0653464 2D-image
2.94-KCNArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 10.0653464 2D-image
2.67-L-cysteineArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 10.0653464 2D-image
36L-cysteineArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 10.0653464 2D-image
1.5-Na2SArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 8.0653464 2D-image
2-O-Acetyl-L-serineArabidopsis thaliana-30°C, pH 8.0653464 2D-image

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]Ki VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
2.27-chloroalanineSpinacia oleracea-vs. L-cysteine652652 2D-image
6.9-chloroanalineSpinacia oleracea-26°C, pH 9.8637378-
0.86-cyanoalanineSpinacia oleracea-vs. O-acetyl-L-serine652652 2D-image
5.93-cyanoalanineSpinacia oleracea-vs. chloroalanine652652 2D-image
30-cyanoalanineSpinacia oleracea-vs. L-cysteine652652 2D-image
1.29-homocysteineSpinacia oleracea-vs. O-acetyl-L-serine652652 2D-image
9.9-homocysteineSpinacia oleracea-vs. chloroalanine652652 2D-image
10.1-homocysteineSpinacia oleracea-vs. L-cysteine652652 2D-image
0.87-KCNSpinacia oleracea-vs. O-acetyl-L-serine652652 2D-image
2.59-KCNSpinacia oleracea-vs. chloroalanine652652 2D-image
5.22-L-cysteineSpinacia oleracea-26°C, pH 9.8637378 2D-image
5-O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleracea-vs. chloroalanine652652 2D-image
38.1-O-Acetyl-L-serineSpinacia oleracea-26°C, pH 9.8637378 2D-image
1.45-sodium thiocyanateSpinacia oleracea-vs. O-acetyl-L-serine652652 2D-image
9.04-sodium thiocyanateSpinacia oleracea-vs. chloroalanine652652 2D-image
15.1-sodium thiocyanateSpinacia oleracea-vs. L-cysteine652652 2D-image

IC50 VALUE [mM]IC50 VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
20-cyanideOryza sativa, Oryza sativa IAC 165, Oryza sativa Japonica, Oryza sativa L. Hitomebore, Oryza sativa M-101, Oryza sativa Nipponbare, Oryza sativa njavara-recombinant enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana693422 2D-image
40-cyanideOryza sativa, Oryza sativa IAC 165, Oryza sativa Japonica, Oryza sativa L. Hitomebore, Oryza sativa M-101, Oryza sativa Nipponbare, Oryza sativa njavara-recombinant enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae693422 2D-image

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg] SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
0.00034-Hevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.-latex pellet706135
0.00052-Hevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.-inner bark706135
0.00216-Zonocerus variegatus--680158
0.003-Vicia sativa-immobilized enzyme34722
0.0043-Hevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.-latex cytosol706135
0.0375-Zonocerus variegatus-purified enzyme680158
0.25-Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29substrate L-cysteine637388
0.4-Arabidopsis thaliana-substrate O-acetyl-L-serine653511
0.4-Spinacia oleraceaQ43153substrate O-acetyl-L-serine653511
0.43-Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29substrate O-acetyl-L-serine637388
13.3-Oryza sativa-wild type enzyme, after 750fold purification693422
33.8-Lupinus sp.--34724, 34728
38-Xanthium pennsylvanicum--34738
43.5-Lupinus sp.--34723
49.5-Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29substrate O-acetyl-L-serine637388
62.1-Arabidopsis thaliana-substrate L-cysteine653511
66.2-Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29substrate L-cysteine637388
111.3-Oryza sativa-recombinant enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, after 750fold purification693422
120-Vicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716
132-Lathyrus latifolius--34717
157-Spinacia oleraceaQ43153substrate L-cysteine653511
181-Oryza sativa-recombinant enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana, after 750fold purification693422
212-Spinacia oleracea--34718
323.8-Lupinus sp.--34724
483-Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590
12830-Solanum tuberosum--653462
additional information-Bacillus megaterium--34726
additional information-Lupinus sp.--34728
additional information-Dianthus caryophyllus--34731
additional information-Digitaria ischaemum-0.19 nmol H2S/g fresh weight/min, susceptible to quinclorac biotype, after quinclorac treatment, pH 8.5, 30°C; 0.61 nmol H2S/g fresh weight/min, susceptible to quinclorac biotype, pH 8.5, 30°C; 2.17 nmol H2S/g fresh weight/min, resistant to quinclorac biotype, after quinclorac treatment, pH 8.5, 30°C; 2.26 nmol H2S/g fresh weight/min, resistant to quinclorac biotype, pH 8.5, 30°C666539
additional information-Hevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.-activity is the highest in the latex cytosol, while it is the lowest in the latex pellet and the bark extract706135

pH OPTIMUMpH MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
79.5Vicia sativa-dissolved34722
89Solanum tuberosum--653462
8-Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590
8.59.2Escherichia coli--34725
8.59.5Vicia sativa--34722
8.5-Vicia sativa-immobilized34722
8.5-Zonocerus variegatus-activity in phosphate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer680158
8.89.5Lupinus sp.--34716
8.9-Hevea brasiliensis-assay at706135
99.5Spinacia oleracea--34718
9-Zonocerus variegatus-activity in borate buffer680158
9.1-Lathyrus latifolius--34717
9.15-Chromobacterium violaceum--34721
9.49.5Vicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716
9.5-Lupinus sp.--34724, 34728
9.5-Xanthium pennsylvanicum-mitochondrial enzyme34738
10-Spinacia oleracea--637378
10.5-Xanthium pennsylvanicum-cytosolic enzyme34738

pH RANGEpH RANGE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
4.510.5Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9approx. 50% of maximal activity at pH 4.5 and pH 10.5, respectively652590
511Zonocerus variegatus--680158
7.210.8Chromobacterium violaceum--34721
7.511Lupinus sp.--34728
7.513Escherichia coli--34725
1011.5Spinacia oleracea-sharp decrease in activity below pH 10.0, 15% of maximal activity at pH 11.5637378

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUMTEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
30-Vicia sativa--34722
30-Zonocerus variegatus--680158
35-Hevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.-assay at706135
45-Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9-652590

TEMPERATURE RANGE TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
2540Vicia sativa--34722

pI VALUEpI VALUE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
4.7-Bacillus megaterium-isoelectric focusing704926

SOURCE TISSUE ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE SOURCE
barkHevea brasiliensis-; activity in the rubber tree latex cytosol is almost 10fold higher than in the bark706135Manually annotated by BRENDA team
budSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS296.2 times and 2.5 times higher levels than in tubers and leaves, respectively637388Manually annotated by BRENDA team
cotyledonLupinus sp.--34724, 34727Manually annotated by BRENDA team
fruitMalus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2; 682356Manually annotated by BRENDA team
gutZonocerus variegatus--680158Manually annotated by BRENDA team
larvaParopsis atomaria--34732Manually annotated by BRENDA team
latexHevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.-activity in the rubber tree latex cytosol is almost 10fold higher than in the bark; cytosol, pellet706135Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafLathyrus latifolius--34717Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafHordeum vulgare--34719Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafAllium ampeloprasum, Pisum sativum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii, Zea mays--34720Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29-637388Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafSpinacia oleracea--637378, 652652Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafArabidopsis thaliana-highest mRNA levels in mature rosette leaves653464Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafNicotiana tabacum--653555Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafNicotiana tabacum-activity of CAS is induced upon drought stress or exposure to KCN653559Manually annotated by BRENDA team
leafSolanum lycopersicum-low level682304Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mesophyllAllium ampeloprasum, Pisum sativum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii, Zea mays--34720Manually annotated by BRENDA team
plant epidermisAllium ampeloprasum, Pisum sativum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii, Zea mays--34720Manually annotated by BRENDA team
rootZea mays--34730Manually annotated by BRENDA team
rootNicotiana tabacum--653555Manually annotated by BRENDA team
rootNicotiana tabacum-activity of CAS is induced upon drought stress or exposure to KCN653559Manually annotated by BRENDA team
rootSolanum lycopersicum-abundant682304Manually annotated by BRENDA team
rootTriticum aestivum-seedling root, activity of beta-cyanoalanine synthase is 2- to 3-fold higher in extracts from roots of wheat than from shoots716028Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedVicia sativa subsp. nigra--34716Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedAllium cepa, Cucumis sativus, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Xanthium pennsylvanicum--34738Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingVicia sativa--34722Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingLupinus sp.--34716, 34723, 34728Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingHevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.--34733Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingXanthium pennsylvanicum--34737Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingArabidopsis thaliana--653464Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingNicotiana tabacum--653555Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingOryza sativa--693422Manually annotated by BRENDA team
seedlingTriticum aestivum--716028Manually annotated by BRENDA team
shootLupinus sp.--34724Manually annotated by BRENDA team
shootEchinochloa crus-galli--693811Manually annotated by BRENDA team
shootTriticum aestivum-seedling shoot, activity of beta-cyanoalanine synthase is 2- to 3-fold higher in extracts from roots of wheat than from shoots716028Manually annotated by BRENDA team
stemLathyrus latifolius--34717Manually annotated by BRENDA team
stemSolanum lycopersicum-low level682304Manually annotated by BRENDA team
tuberSolanum tuberosum--34735, 637388, 653462Manually annotated by BRENDA team

LOCALIZATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY GeneOntology No. LITERATURE SOURCE
cytosolZonocerus variegatus--5829680158Manually annotated by BRENDA team
cytosolHevea brasiliensis, Hevea brasiliensis Mull.-Arg.--5829706135Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionLupinus sp.--573934724, 34727, 34728Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionSpodoptera eridania, Trichoplusia ni--573934736Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionHordeum vulgare--573934719, 34738Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionXanthium pennsylvanicum--573934737, 34738Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionSpinacia oleraceaQ43153-5739653511Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionNicotiana tabacum--5739653555Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionOryza sativa--5739693422Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionArabidopsis thaliana--5739653464, 653511, 716516Manually annotated by BRENDA team
mitochondrionManihot esculentaB0FTX3, E3VVM4phylogenetic analysis; phylogenetic analysis5739716554Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional informationHordeum vulgare-not: vacuole and chloroplast fractions-34719Manually annotated by BRENDA team

PDBSCOPCATHORGANISM
No entries in this field

MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
40500-Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2sequence analysis682356
40900-Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2sequence analysis682356
5200053000Lupinus sp.-gel filtration34716, 34723, 34724, 34728
52000-Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus megaterium 142, Bacillus megaterium 14945, Bacillus megaterium 216, Bacillus megaterium 410, Bacillus megaterium 899, Bacillus megaterium A9542, Bacillus megaterium AKG-1, Bacillus megaterium AS1.223, Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945, Bacillus megaterium B6, Bacillus megaterium BM1, Bacillus megaterium BX1, Bacillus megaterium CII 19, Bacillus megaterium D101, Bacillus megaterium DSM319, Bacillus megaterium DSM509, Bacillus megaterium ECU1001, Bacillus megaterium IAM 1030, Bacillus megaterium KM, Bacillus megaterium LA 199, Bacillus megaterium M1286, Bacillus megaterium MI286, Bacillus megaterium NIHB 12, Bacillus megaterium No5, Bacillus megaterium NRLL B939, Bacillus megaterium PYR2910, Bacillus megaterium QM, Bacillus megaterium QM Bl551, Bacillus megaterium QN 8155, Bacillus megaterium WRU 370--704926
54000-Vicia sativa subsp. nigra-gel filtration34716
54000-Solanum tuberosum-gel filtration653462
56000-Lathyrus latifolius-gel filtration34717
6000070000Bacillus megaterium-gel filtration34726
60000-Spinacia oleracea-gel filtration34718
70000-Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-gel filtration34721
70000-Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9gel filtration652590
552300-Zonocerus variegatus-gel filtration680158

SUBUNITS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
?Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29x * 37600, immunoblot; x * 38200, immunoblot637388
dimerLathyrus latifolius-2 * 28000, SDS-PAGE34717
dimerSpinacia oleracea-2 * 30000, SDS-PAGE34718
dimerChromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-2 * 35000, SDS-PAGE34721
dimerSpinacia oleracea-2 * 33500, SDS-PAGE637378
dimerGeobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF92 * 34000, SDS-PAGE652590
dimerSolanum tuberosum-2 * 37000, SDS-PAGE653462
homodimerZonocerus variegatus-2 * 23250, SDS-PAGE680158
homodimerOryza sativa-2 * 40000, SDS-PAGE693422
monomerLupinus sp.--34716

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pH STABILITYpH STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
88.5Vicia sativa-highest stability34722

TEMPERATURE STABILITYTEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
60-Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9stable for 30 min at pH 6.0-10.0652590
70-Geobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9no loss of activity after 30 min at pH 7.5652590
additional information-Zonocerus variegatus-activity reduces to near zero at 45°C680158

GENERAL STABILITYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ORGANIC SOLVENT ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
stable at -20°CLupinus sp.-34716
stable for more than 1 month at -20°CLupinus sp.-34723
immobilized enzyme, 6°C, 10% loss of activity after 70 daysVicia sativa-34722

Purification/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
recombinant AtcysC1Arabidopsis thaliana-653464
-Bacillus megaterium-34726
-Chlorella sp., Chlorella sp. Berlin-34727
-Chromobacterium violaceum, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC12472, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, Chromobacterium violaceum NBRC 12614, Chromobacterium violaceum YK 391-34721
-Escherichia coli-34727
ammonium sulfate, ethanol, heat, DEAE-Cellulofine, gel filtration, Phenyl-SepharoseGeobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9652590
-Lathyrus latifolius-34717
-Lupinus sp.-34723, 34724, 34727, 34728
; Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2682356
anti-GFP microbead immunopurification and Mono Q colum chromatographyOryza sativa-693422
80% acetone, ammonium sulfate, DEAE Sephacel, Mono Q, Resource PHE, preparative electrophoresis, TSK gel 3000Solanum tuberosum-653462
recombinant PCAS-1; recombinant PCAS-2Solanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29637388
-Spinacia oleracea-34718, 637378, 652652
-Vicia sativa subsp. nigra-34716
-Xanthium pennsylvanicum-34738
by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtrationZonocerus variegatus-680158

Cloned/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coliArabidopsis thalianaQ9S757653464, 653511
expression in Escherichia coliGeobacillus stearothermophilusQ84IF9652590
full-length MdCAS2 cDNA clones introduced into plasmid pMAL-c2X, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3); full-length pMdCAS1 cDNA clones introduced into plasmid pMAL-c2X, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)Malus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2682356
expression in Escherichia coli; expression in Escherichia coliManihot esculentaB0FTX3, E3VVM4716554
expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeOryza sativa-693422
expression of PCAS-1 in Escherichia coli; expression of PCAS-2 in Escherichia coliSolanum tuberosumQ76MX2, Q9FS29637388
expression in Escherichia coliSpinacia oleraceaQ43153653511

EXPRESSION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERINGORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

Renatured/COMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
agricultureMalus x domesticaQ1KLZ1, Q1KLZ2CAS1 and CAS2 encode Fuji apple beta-CAS homologs, overall nucleotide sequence identity is 89%, whereas coding regions are 93% identical at the nucleotide level and 94% identical at the amino acid level, CAS may play a role in cyanide detoxification in ripening apple fruits; CAS1 and CAS2 encode Fuji apple beta-CAS homologs, overall nucleotide sequence identity is 89%, whereas coding regions are 93% identical at the nucleotide level and 94% identical at the amino acid level, CAS may play a role in cyanide detoxification in ripening apple fruits682356
agricultureSolanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum Fe-SOD, Solanum lycopersicum Mill., Solanum lycopersicum Moneymaker, Solanum lycopersicum Suzanne-CAS seems to be useful for screening possible novel plant activators for plant protection against pathogens682304
agricultureZonocerus variegatus-enzyme may be responsible for the ability to detoxify cyanide in insect pest and hence responsible for tolerance of the cyanogenic cassava plant, this ability can possibly be compromised by enzyme inhibition, and may lead, in the long term, to the potential use of this enzyme as drug target for pest control680158

REF. AUTHORS TITLE JOURNAL VOL. PAGES YEAR ORGANISM (UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.)LINK TO PUBMEDSOURCE
34716Ikegami, F.; Takayama, K.; Kurihara, T.; Horiuchi, S.; Tajima, C.; Shirai, R.; Murakoshi, I.Purification and properties of beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase from Vicia angustifoliaPhytochemistry282285-22911989Lupinus sp., Vicia sativa subsp. nigra-
34717Ikegami, F.; Takayama, K.; Murakoshi, I.Purification and properties of beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase from Lathyrus latifoliusPhytochemistry273385-33891988Lathyrus latifolius-
34718Ikegami, F.; Takayama, K.; Tajima, Ch.; Murakoshi, I.Purification and properties of beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase from Spinacia oleraceaPhytochemistry272011-20161988Spinacia oleracea-
34719Wurtele, E.S.; Nikolau, B.J.; Conn, E.E.Subcellular and developmental distribution of beta-cyanoalanine synthase in barley leavesPlant Physiol.78285-2901985Hordeum vulgare PubMed
34720Wurtele, E.S.; Nikolau, B.J.; Conn, E.E.Tissue distribution of beta-cyanolalanine synthase in leavesPlant Physiol.75979-9821984Allium ampeloprasum, Pisum sativum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii, Zea mays PubMed
34721Macadam, A.M.; Knowles, C.J.Purification and properties of beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase from the cyanide-producing bacterium Chromobacterium violaceumBiochim. Biophys. Acta786123-1321984Chromobacterium violaceum-
34722Svenson, A.; Andersson, B.The application of cyanide-metabolizing enzymes to environmental control. I. Preparation and characterization of rhodanese and beta-cyanoalanine synthase, immobilized on solid supportsAnal. Biochem.83739-7451977Vicia sativa PubMed
34723Akopyan, T.N.; Braunstein, A.E.; v.Goryachenkova, E.beta-Cyanoalanine synthase: purification and characterizationProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA721617-16211975Lupinus sp. PubMed
34724Hendickson, H.R.; Conn, E.E.beta-Cyanoalanine synthase (blue lupine)Methods Enzymol.17B233-2391971Lupinus sp.-
34725Guilbault, G.G.; Gutknecht, W.F.; Kuan, S.S.; Cochran, R.Measurement of -cyanoalanine synthase activity using a sulfide ion selective electrodeAnal. Biochem.46200-2081972Escherichia coli PubMed
34726Castric, P.A.; Conn, E.E.Formation of -cyanoalanine by O-acetylserine sulfhydrylaseJ. Bacteriol.108132-1361971Bacillus megaterium PubMed
34727Hendrickson, H.R.The beta-cyanoalanine synthase of blue lupineFed. Proc.275931968Chlorella sp., Escherichia coli, Lupinus sp.-
34728Hendrickson, H.R.; Conn, E.E.Cyanide metabolism in higher plants. IV. Purification and properties of the beta-cyanolanine synthase of blue lupineJ. Biol. Chem.2442632-26401969Lupinus sp. PubMed
34729Tsai, M.D.; Weaver, J.; Floss, H.G.; Conn, E.E.; Creveling, R.K.; Mazelis, M.Stereochemistry of the beta-cyanoalanine synthetase and S-alkylcysteine lyase reactionsArch. Biochem. Biophys.190553-5591978Lupinus sp. PubMed
34730Stulen, I.; Israelstam, G.F.; Oaks, A.Enzymes of asparagine synthesis in maize rootsPlanta146237-2411979Zea mays-
34731Manning, K.Ethylene production and beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity in carnation flowersPlanta16861-661986Dianthus caryophyllus-
34732Nahrstedt, A.; Davis, R.H.(R) Mandelonitrile and prunasin, the sources of hydrogen cyanide in all stages of Paropsis atomaria (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae)Z. Naturforsch. C41928-9341986Paropsis atomaria-
34733Selmar, D.; Lieberei, R.; Biehl, B.Mobilization and utilization of cyanogenic glycosidesPlant Physiol.86711-7161988Hevea brasiliensis PubMed
34734Yip, W.K.; Yang, S.F.Cyanide metabolism in relation to ethylene prodution in plant tissuesPlant Physiol.88473-4761988Malus sylvestris, Persea gratissima PubMed
34735Wen, J.Q.; Huang, G.; Liang, W.S.; Liang, H.G.Increase of HCN and beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity during ageing of potato tuber slicesPlant Sci.125147-1511997Solanum tuberosum-
34736Meyers., D.M.; Ahmad, S.Link between L-3-cyanoalanine synthase activity and differential cyanide sensitivity of insectsBiochim. Biophys. Acta1075195-1971991Spodoptera eridania, Trichoplusia ni PubMed
34737Maruyama, A.; Ishizawa, K.; Takagi, T.; Esashi, Y.Cytosolic beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity attributed to cysteine synthases in cocklebur seeds. Purification and characterization of cytosolic cysteine synthasesPlant Cell Physiol.39671-6801998Xanthium pennsylvanicum PubMed
34738Hasegawa, R.; Maruyama, A.; Nakaya, M.; Tsuda, S.; Esashi, Y.The presence of two types of beta-cyanoalanine synthase in germinating seeds and their response to ethylenePhysiol. Plant.93713-7181995Allium cepa, Cucumis sativus, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Xanthium pennsylvanicum-
637378Warrilow, A.G.S.; Hawkesford, M.J.Cysteine synthase (O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase) substrate specificities classify the mitochondrial isoform as a cyanoalanine synthaseJ. Exp. Bot.51985-9932000Spinacia oleracea PubMed
637388Maruyama, A.; Saito, K.; Ishizawa, K.beta-Cyanoalanine synthase and cysteine synthase from potato: molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and spatial and hormonal regulationPlant Mol. Biol.46749-7602001Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum (Q76MX2), Solanum tuberosum (Q9FS29) PubMed
652590Omura, H.; Kuroda, M.; Kobayashi, M.; Shimizu, S.; Yoshida, T.; Nagasawa, T.Purification, characterization and gene cloning of thermostable O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase forming b-cyano-L-alanineJ. Biosci. Bioeng.95470-4752003Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Q845F9), Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Q84IF9) PubMed
652652Warrilow, A.G.; Hawkesford, M.J.Modulation of cyanoalanine synthase and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyases A and B activity by beta-substituted alanyl and anion inhibitorsJ. Exp. Bot.53439-4452002Spinacia oleracea PubMed
653462Maruyama, A.; Ishizawa, K.; Takagi, T.Purification and characterization of beta-cyanoalanine synthase and cysteine synthases from potato tubers: are beta-cyanoalanine synthase and mitochondrial cysteine synthase same enzyme?Plant Cell Physiol.41200-2082000Solanum tuberosum PubMed
653464Yamaguchi, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Kusano, T.; Sano, H.Three Arabidopsis genes encoding proteins with differential activities for cysteine synthase and beta-cyanoalanine synthasePlant Cell Physiol.41465-4762000Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S757) PubMed
653511Hatzfeld, Y.; Maruyama, A.; Schmidt, A.; Noji, M.; Ishizawa, K.; Saito, K.beta-Cyanoalanine synthase is a mitochondrial cysteine synthase-like protein in spinach and ArabidopsisPlant Physiol.1231163-11712000Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9S757), Spinacia oleracea, Spinacia oleracea (Q43153) PubMed
653555Liang, W.S.; Li, D.B.The two b-cyanoalanine synthase isozymes of tobacco showed different antioxidative abilitiesPlant Sci.1611171-11772001Nicotiana tabacum-
653559Liang, W.S.Drought stress increases both cyanogenesis and b-cyanoalanine synthase activity in tobaccoPlant Sci.1651109-11152003Nicotiana tabacum-
666539Abdallah, I.; Fischer, A.J.; Elmore, C.L.; Saltveit, M.E.; Zaki, M.Mechanism of resistance to quinclorac in smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum)Pestic. Biochem. Physiol.8438-482006Digitaria ischaemum-
680158Ogunlabi, O.O.; Agboola, F.K.A soluble beta-cyanoalanine synthase from the gut of the variegated grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.)Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol.3772-792007Zonocerus variegatus PubMed
682304Takahashi, H.; Ishihara, T.; Hase, S.; Chiba, A.; Nakaho, K.; Arie, T.; Teraoka, T.; Iwata, M.; Tugane, T.; Shibata, D.; Takenaka, S.Beta-cyanoalanine synthase as a molecular marker for induced resistance by fungal glycoprotein elicitor and commercial plant activatorsPhytopathology96908-9162006Solanum lycopersicum PubMed
682356Han, S.E.; Seo, Y.S.; Kim, D.; Sung, S.K.; Kim, W.T.Expression of MdCAS1 and MdCAS2, encoding apple beta-cyanoalanine synthase homologs, is concomitantly induced during ripening and implicates MdCASs in the possible role of the cyanide detoxification in Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruitsPlant Cell Rep.261321-13312007Malus x domestica, Malus x domestica (Q1KLZ1), Malus x domestica (Q1KLZ2) PubMed
693422Lai, K.W.; Yau, C.P.; Tse, Y.C.; Jiang, L.; Yip, W.K.Heterologous expression analyses of rice OsCAS in Arabidopsis and in yeast provide evidence for its roles in cyanide detoxification rather than in cysteine synthesis in vivoJ. Exp. Bot.60993-10082009Oryza sativa PubMed
693811Chon, N.M.; Nishikawa-Koseki, N.; Takeuchi, Y.; Abe, H.Role of ethylene in abnormal shoot growth induced by high concentration of brassinolide in rice seedlingsJ. Pestic. Sci.3367-722008Echinochloa crus-galli-
704926Gupta, N.; Balomajumder, C.; Agarwal, V.Enzymatic mechanism and biochemistry for cyanide degradation: A reviewJ. Hazard. Mater.1761-132010Bacillus megaterium PubMed
706135Kongsawadworakul, P.; Viboonjun, U.; Romruensukharom, P.; Chantuma, P.; Ruderman, S.; Chrestin, H.The leaf, inner bark and latex cyanide potential of Hevea brasiliensis: evidence for involvement of cyanogenic glucosides in rubber yieldPhytochemistry70730-7392009Hevea brasiliensis PubMed
716028Machingura, M.; Ebbs, S.Increased beta-cyanoalanine synthase and asparaginase activity in nitrogen-deprived wheat exposed to cyanideJ. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.173808-8102010Triticum aestivum-
716516Garcia, I.; Castellano, J.M.; Vioque, B.; Solano, R.; Gotor, C.; Romero, L.C.Mitochondrial beta-cyanoalanine synthase is essential for root hair formation in Arabidopsis thalianaPlant Cell223268-32792010Arabidopsis thaliana PubMed
716554Marrero-Degro, J.; Marcano-Velazquez, J.; Siritunga, D.Isolation and Characterization of novel beta-cyanoalanine synthase and cysteine synthase genes from cassavaPlant Mol. Biol. Rep.29514-5242011Manihot esculenta (B0FTX3), Manihot esculenta (E3VVM4)-

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 4.4.1.9)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
SYSTERS
Protein Mutant Database
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)