Information on EC 3.1.16.1 -

Information on EC 3.1.16.1 - spleen exonuclease:

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EC NUMBER	COMMENTARY
3.1.16.1	-

RECOMMENDED NAME	GeneOntology No.
spleen exonuclease	-

REACTION	REACTION DIAGRAM	COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
exonucleolytic cleavage in the 5'- to 3'-direction to yield nucleoside 3'-phosphates		also degradation of thymine and adenine polynucleotides to thymine and adenine	Bos taurus	-	134151
exonucleolytic cleavage in the 5'- to 3'-direction to yield nucleoside 3'-phosphates		-	-	-	-

REACTION TYPE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
hydrolysis of phosphoric ester	-	-	-	-

PATHWAY	KEGG Link	MetaCyc Link
No entries in this field

SYSTEMATIC NAME	IUBMB Comments
No entries in this field

SYNONYMS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
3'-5' exonuclease	Homo sapiens	-	-	682165
3'-exonuclease	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204
3'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase	Bos taurus	-	-	134139
5' -> 3' exonuclease Xrn2	Homo sapiens	-	-	666438
5' 3'-exonuclease	Bos taurus	-	-	134156
5'-to-3' exonuclease	Homo sapiens	-	-	666249
5->3 exoribonuclease	Trypanosoma brucei	-	-	682836
Ape2	Homo sapiens	-	-	682165
beef spleen exonuclease	Bos taurus	-	-	134156
BSEase	Bos taurus	-	-	134156
BSP	Bos taurus	-	-	710529
exonuclease	Sus scrofa	-	-	134137, 134142, 134146
FEN-1	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	681823
FEN-1	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	-	681823
flap endonuclease-1	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	681823
NPP1	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204
nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204
phosphodiesterase II	Bos taurus	-	-	134134, 134157
phosphodiesterase II	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134141, 134143
phosphodiesterase II	Sus scrofa	-	-	134149
spleen phosphodiesterase	Sus scrofa	-	-	134136, 134145
spleen phosphodiesterase	Bos taurus	-	-	134138, 134151
Trm2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	-	681898
XRNA	Trypanosoma brucei	-	-	682836
XRNB	Trypanosoma brucei	-	-	682836
XRNC	Trypanosoma brucei	-	-	682836
XRND	Trypanosoma brucei	-	-	682836
flap endonuclease-1	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	-	681823
additional information	Homo sapiens	-	EC3.1.4.1/EC 3.6.1.9	682204

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER	COMMENTARY
9068-54-6	-

ORGANISM	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SEQUENCE CODE	SEQUENCE DB	SOURCE
Bos taurus	-	134134, 134135, 134139, 134144, 134156, 134157, 710529	-	-
Bos taurus	calf	134138, 134140, 134147, 134148, 134150, 134151, 134154	-	-
Cavia porcellus	-	134141, 134143	-	-
Homo sapiens	-	666249, 666438, 682165, 682204	-	-
Plasmodium falciparum	strain FCR-3/C5	681823	Q9GZ01	SwissProt
Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/C5	strain FCR-3/C5	681823	Q9GZ01	SwissProt
Plasmodium yoelii	strain	681823	Q7RME3	SwissProt
Rattus norvegicus	-	134141, 134143, 134152, 134153	-	-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	681898	-	-
Sulfolobus tokodaii	gene nurA	690712	-	-
Sus scrofa	-	134136, 134137, 134142, 134145, 134146, 134149, 134155, 134158	-	-
Trypanosoma brucei	-	682836	-	-

GENERAL INFORMATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SUBSTRATE	PRODUCT	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY/ Substrate	LITERATURE/ Substrate	COMMENTARY/ Product	LITERATURE/ Product	Reversibility r=reversible ir=irreversible ?=not specified
3'-phospho-2'-deoxyribooligonucleotide + H2O	2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate		Sus scrofa	-	-	134145	-	134145	?
3'-phospho-2'-deoxyribooligonucleotide + H2O	2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate		Sus scrofa	-	-	134146	-	134146	?
3'-phospho-2'-deoxyribooligonucleotide + H2O	2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate		Sus scrofa	-	average size 10-12, smallest 3	134149	-	134149	?
3'-phospho-2'-deoxyribooligonucleotide + H2O	2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate		Bos taurus	-	dinucleotides	134144	-	-	-
3'-phospho-2'-deoxyribooligonucleotide + H2O	2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate		Sus scrofa	-	methylated by dimethyl sulfate	134142	-	134142	?
3'-phospho-2'-deoxyribooligonucleotide + H2O	2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate		Sus scrofa	-	size of oligonucleotides 4-9	134136	-	134136	?
4-methylumbelliferyl thymidine 3'-phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-methylumbelliferone		Bos taurus	-	-	134139	-	134139	?
4-nitrophenyl phosphate	4-nitrophenol + phosphate		Sus scrofa	-	-	134149	-	134149	?
4-nitrophenyl phosphate	4-nitrophenol + phosphate		Bos taurus	-	-	134135	-	134135	?
5'-hydroxy oligonucleotides + H2O	nucleoside 3'-oligonucleotides + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	3',5'-diribonucleoside phosphates and analoga	134144	-	134144	-
5'-hydroxy oligonucleotides + H2O	nucleoside 3'-oligonucleotides + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	dependency on type of nucleobase	134149	-	134149	?
5'-hydroxy oligonucleotides + H2O	nucleoside 3'-oligonucleotides + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	dependency on type of nucleobase, no hydrolysis of 2'-5' and 5'-5' internucleotide bonds and CpC and CpU-linkages	134144	-	134144	-
5'-hydroxy oligonucleotides + H2O	nucleoside 3'-oligonucleotides + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	5'-hydroxy-thymidine oligonucleotides , 5'-hydroxy-adenine oligonucleotides, 5'-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine oligonucleotides and various other 5'-hydroxy- and 5'-hydroxy-2'deoxy oligonucleotides like ApUp, d-TpTpC	134151	-	134151	r
5-'deoxy-5'-chlorothymidine-3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	5'-deoxy-5'-chlorothymidine-3'-phosphate		Bos taurus	-	-	134138	-	134138	?
bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	4-nitrophenyl phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Sus scrofa	-	-	134149	-	134149	?
bis-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	4-nitrophenyl phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134135	-	134135	?
DNA + H2O	deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	alkali-denaturated DNA, 25 times lower degradation rate with native DNA	134149	-	134149	?
DNA + H2O	deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	5'-OH and 5'-P DNA with chain length of 100-2500	134158	-	134158	?
DNA + H2O	deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	denatured only, no native or double stranded	134135	-	134135	?
DNA + H2O	deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates		Homo sapiens	-	Ape2 preferentially removes mismatched 3'-nucleotides from DNA	682165	-	-	?
DNA + H2O	deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates		Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	Trm2p displays 5' to 3' exonuclease activity on double-strand DNA, and endonuclease activity on single-strand DNA	681898	-	-	?
DNA + H2O	deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphate + ?		Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	681823	-	-	?
Flap34endo + H2O	?		Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	681823	-	-	?
mRNA + H2O	?		Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNA is important in the degradation of deadenylated mRNAs in trypanosomes	682836	-	-	-
polyadenylic acid + H2O	5'-hydroxy-adenine oligonucleotides + 3'AMP		Sus scrofa	-	-	134149	-	134149	?
polyadenylic acid + H2O	5'-hydroxy-adenine oligonucleotides + 3'AMP		Bos taurus	-	-	134151	-	134151	r
polyguanylic acid	3'-GMP		Bos taurus	-	-	134144	-	134144	?
polyinosinic acid	3'-IMP		Sus scrofa	-	-	134149	-	134149	?
polynucleotides + H2O	3'-phosphomononucleotides		Bos taurus	-	involvement in DNA repair and replication, genetic recombination, elimination of damaged nucleotides	134156	-	134156	?
polynucleotides + H2O	3'-phosphomononucleotides		Bos taurus	-	involvement in DNA repair and replication, genetic recombination, elimination of damaged nucleotides	134157	-	134157	?
polynucleotides + H2O	3'-phosphomononucleotides		Homo sapiens	-	5' -> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites	666438	-	-	?
polynucleotides + H2O	phosphomononucleotides		Homo sapiens	-	the enzyme contributes to the turnover of messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells	666249	-	-	?
polyuridylic acid + H2O	3'-UMP		Sus scrofa	-	-	134149	-	134149	?
polyuridylic acid + H2O	3'-UMP		Bos taurus	-	-	134144	-	134144	?
ribonucleotide 3'-alkyl esters + H2O	3'-Ribonucleotides + alkyl alcohol		Bos taurus	-	-	134150	-	134150	-
ribonucleotide 3'-alkyl esters + H2O	3'-Ribonucleotides + alkyl alcohol		Bos taurus	-	-	134144	-	134144	r
RNA core + H2O	nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	-	134134	-	134134	?
RNA core + H2O	nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	-	134151	-	134151	?
RNA core + H2O	nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	RNA core are water undializable 3'-phosphoribooligonucleotides obtained by exhaustive digestion of RNA with pancreatic ribonuclease	134149	-	134149	?
thymidine 3'-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 2,4-dinitrophenol		Cavia porcellus	-	-	134141	-	134141	?
thymidine 3'-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 2,4-dinitrophenol		Cavia porcellus	-	-	134143	-	134143	?
thymidine 3'-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 2,4-dinitrophenol		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134141	-	134141	?
thymidine 3'-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 2,4-dinitrophenol		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134143	-	134143	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134134	-	134134	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134138	-	134138	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134140	-	134140	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134151	-	134151	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134156	-	134156	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Bos taurus	-	-	134157	-	134157	?
thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate + H2O	thymidine 3'-phosphate + 4-nitrophenol		Sus scrofa	-	very slow hydrolysis	134149	-	134149	?
tRNA + H2O	tRNA fragments + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	-	134137	-	134137	?
tRNA + H2O	tRNA fragments + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	5'-phosphoryl terminus hydrolysed by contaminating endonucleases	134148	-	134148	?
tRNA + H2O	tRNA fragments + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	or 5'-sRNA	134145	-	134145	?
tRNA + H2O	tRNA fragments + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	or 5'-sRNA	134148	-	134148	?
tRNA + H2O	tRNA fragments + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Sus scrofa	-	from Escherichia coli	134149	-	134149	?
tRNA + H2O	tRNA fragments + nucleoside 3'-phosphates		Bos taurus	-	phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at 5'-terminus	134147	-	134147	?
[PO/Mix-PS]-d[TPOCPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPSC] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	21% degraded after 2 hours, 35% degraded after 8 hours	682204	-	-	?
[PO/Mix-PS]-d[TPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPST] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	35% degraded after 2 hours, 75% degraded after 8 hours	682204	-	-	?
[PO/RP-PS]-d[TPOCPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPSC] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	22% degraded after 2 hours, 45% degraded after 8 hours	682204	-	-	?
[PO/SP-PS]-d[TPOCPOTPOTPOTPOTPOTPSC] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	20% degraded after 2 hours, 25% degraded after 8 hours	682204	-	-	?
[PS]-d[A6] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-	-	?
[RP-PS]-d[A12] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-	-	?
[RP-PS]-d[T12] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	25% degraded after 2 hours, 75% degraded after 8 hours	682204	-	-	?
[S]-d[A12] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-	-	?
[S]-d[T12] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	100% degraded after 2 hours	682204	-	-	?
[S]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-	-	?
[S]-d[TCTTTTTC] + H2O	?		Homo sapiens	-	100% degraded after 2 hours	682204	-	-	?
Flap34endo + H2O	?		Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	-	681823	-	-	?
additional information	?	-	Homo sapiens	-	[RP-but last one-PS]-d[T12] is not hydrolyzed	682204	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	NurA may function closely together with SSB in DNA transactions in archaea, NurA has ssDNA endonuclease, 5'-3' ssDNA exonuclease, and 5'-3' dsDNA exonuclease activities, overview. NurA is closely linked to Mre11 and Rad50 homologues, it interacts with single-stranded DNA-binding protein, StoSSB, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii, determination by pull-down assay using Ni-NTA agarose beads and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analysis, overview. Substrates are 34-bp dsDNA and M13mp18 ssDNA	690712	-	-	-

NATURAL SUBSTRATES	NATURAL PRODUCTS	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY SUBSTRATE	LITERATURE (Substrate)	COMMENTARY PRODUCT	LITERATURE (Product)
polynucleotides + H2O	3'-phosphomononucleotides		Bos taurus	-	involvement in DNA repair and replication, genetic recombination, elimination of damaged nucleotides	134156	-	134156
polynucleotides + H2O	3'-phosphomononucleotides		Bos taurus	-	involvement in DNA repair and replication, genetic recombination, elimination of damaged nucleotides	134157	-	134157
polynucleotides + H2O	3'-phosphomononucleotides		Homo sapiens	-	5' -> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites	666438	-	-
polynucleotides + H2O	phosphomononucleotides		Homo sapiens	-	the enzyme contributes to the turnover of messenger RNAs in eukaryotic cells	666249	-	-
additional information	?	-	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	NurA may function closely together with SSB in DNA transactions in archaea	690712	-	-

COFACTOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

METALS and IONS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
Mg2+	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	yields the highest activity for FEN-1, activity is stimulated above 0.1 mM, reaching a maximum at ca. 10 mM	681823
Mg2+	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	yields the highest activity for FEN-1	681823
Mg2+	Homo sapiens	-	-	682165
Mg2+	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	-	690712
Mn2+	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	yields the highest activity for FEN-1	681823
Ni2+	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	minimally stimulates activity	681823
Mn2+	Homo sapiens	-	5fold more active in the presence of manganese than of magnesium ion	682165
additional information	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	Ni2+ or Mn2+ does not have a pronounced stimulatory effect	681823

INHIBITORS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
5'-Terminal phosphate	Sus scrofa	-	in tRNA	134145	-
acetylation	Bos taurus	-	complete inhibition by acetylation of the 2'-OH of tRNA	134135	-
Ap4A	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
arsenite	Bos taurus	-	weak inhibitor with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
ATP	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
ATPgammaS	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
Cu2+	Bos taurus	-	-	134135	2D-image
Cu2+	Bos taurus	-	strong inhibition	134151	2D-image
Deoxyribonucleoside 3'-phosphates	Bos taurus	-	-	134135	2D-image
Dihydroxyuridine	Sus scrofa	-	in tRNA	134145	-
dimethyl sulfate	Sus scrofa	-	inhibition after methylation of 2'-deoxyribooligonucleotides with dimethyl sulfate	134142	2D-image
EDTA	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	slight inhibition at 0.1 M	134141	2D-image
F-	Bos taurus	-	weak inhibitor with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
glycosylation	Bos taurus	-	no activity with glycosylated oligonucleotides obtained from T4 phage DNA	134135	-
heparin	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
Hg2+	Bos taurus	-	with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
High ionic strength	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	slightly greater inhibition of rat than of guinea-pig enzyme at sodium succinate buffer concentrations greater 0.4 M, also markedly inhibition by 6 M NaCl and 2 M ammonium sulfate	134141	-
KCl	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	FEN-1 retains up to approximately 70.0% of its endonuclease at 0-50.0 mM, between 75 and 100 mM FEN-1 displays a significant reduction in activity and at the highest salt concentrations between 125-200 mM almost a complete ablation of activity occurres	681823	2D-image
Mg2+	Bos taurus	-	with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
Mg2+	Sus scrofa	-	-	134137	2D-image
Mg2+	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	slight inbibition at 0.1 M MgCl2	134141	2D-image
Mg2+	Sus scrofa	-	almost no degradation of tRNA at higher concentrations with 1 Mg2+ per nucleotide phosphate	134145	2D-image
Mg2+	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	inhibits above 20 mM	681823	2D-image
NaCl	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	FEN-1 retains up to approximately 70.0% of its endonuclease at 0-50.0 mM, between 75 and 100 mM FEN-1 displays a significant reduction in activity and at the highest salt concentrations between 125-200 mM almost a complete ablation of activity occurres	681823	2D-image
NaCl	Homo sapiens	-	at 100 mM Ape2 exhibits only 20% of its exonuclease activity, in the presence of 200 mM salt almost no exonuclease activity	682165	2D-image
p-nitrophenyl-TMP	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
Pentamidine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	endo-exonuclease inhibitor, inhibits DNase activity of CBP-Trm2p	681898	2D-image
pyridoxal 5'phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides	Bos taurus	-	with 5'-phosphomonoester group	134150	-
RNAi	Trypanosoma brucei	-	down-regulation of expression by tetracycline-inducible RNA interference	682836	-
RP-dATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	i.e. StoSSB, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii, StoSSB inhibits the exonuclease activity of StoNurA on ssDNA and dsDNA	690712	-
SP-ATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
SP-CTPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
SP-dATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
UDP-glucose	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	2D-image
Urea	Bos taurus	-	after 2 h incubation almost 80% of activity with 1.0 M, 40% with 2.0 M, no activity with 5.0 M	134134	2D-image
Urea	Bos taurus	-	50% inhibition with 2.0 M	134151	2D-image
Zn2+	Bos taurus	-	with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
Mn2+	Bos taurus	-	with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
additional information	Homo sapiens	-	no inhibition up to 40 mM by lysophosphatidylcholine	682204	-

ACTIVATING COMPOUND	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
EDTA	Bos taurus	-	with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image
Sulfhydryl reagents	Bos taurus	-	with RNA core as substrate	134135	2D-image

KM VALUE [mM]	KM VALUE [mM] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
0.45	-	4-methylumbelliferyl thymidine 3'-phosphate	Bos taurus	-	-	134139	2D-image
0.5	-	5'-deoxy-5'-chlorothymidine-3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate	Bos taurus	-	-	134138	2D-image
3.8e-06	-	Flap34endo	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	681823	-
4.5e-06	-	Flap34endo	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	C-terminal truncation mutant	681823	-
6.6e-06	-	Flap34endo	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	-	681823	-
0.04	-	thymidine 3'-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)phosphate	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134141	2D-image
0.18	-	thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate	Bos taurus	-	-	134138	2D-image
3	-	thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate	Bos taurus	-	-	134151	2D-image
0.173	-	[RP-PS]-d[T12]	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-
0.0715	-	[S]-d[A12]	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-
0.016	-	[S]-d[T12]	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204	-

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]	TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s]	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
1.2	-	Flap34endo	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	C-terminal truncation mutant	681823	-
4.9	-	Flap34endo	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	-	681823	-
9.1	-	Flap34endo	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	681823	-

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]	Ki VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
2	-	Urea	Bos taurus	-	-	134151	2D-image

IC50 VALUE [mM]	IC50 VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
0.037	-	Ap4A	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.054	-	ATP	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.027	-	ATPgammaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.027	-	p-nitrophenyl-TMP	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.071	-	pyridoxal 5'phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.002	-	RP-dATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [RP-PS]-d[A12]	682204	2D-image
0.005	-	RP-dATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[A12]; inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.0002	-	SP-ATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [RP-PS]-d[A12]	682204	2D-image
0.0014	-	SP-ATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.002	-	SP-ATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[A12]	682204	2D-image
0.0084	-	SP-CTPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.0015	-	SP-dATPalphaS	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image
0.106	-	UDP-glucose	Homo sapiens	-	inhibition of degradation of [PO]-d[TCCTCTTTTTTT]	682204	2D-image

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]	SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
0.123	-	Cavia porcellus	-	-	134141
0.72	-	Bos taurus	-	with polyadenylic acid as substrate	134151
3.45	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134141
34	-	Bos taurus	-	with thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate as substrate	134151
43.3	-	Bos taurus	-	with 5'-hydroxy-2'deoxy-cytosine oligonucleotide d-CpCpC, lacking terminal phosphomonoester group, as substrate; with 5'-hydroxy-thymidine oligonucleotide TpT, lacking terminal phosphomonoester group, as substrate; with 5'-hydroxy-thymidine oligonucleotide TpTpTpT, lacking terminal phosphomonoester group, as substrate	134151
45	-	Bos taurus	-	with 5'-hydroxy-thymidine oligonucleotide TpTp as substrate	134151
58.3	-	Bos taurus	-	with 5'-hydroxy-adenine oligonucleotide ApApA, lacking terminal phosphomonoester group, as substrate; with 5'-hydroxy-oligonucleotide ApUp as substrate	134151
646	-	Bos taurus	-	with 5-'deoxy-5'-chlorothymidine-3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate as substrate, 1.5 microg/ml commercially available enzyme	134138
855	-	Bos taurus	-	with thymidine 3'-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate as substrate, 1.5 microg/ml commercially available enzyme	134138

pH OPTIMUM	pH MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5	5.8	Sus scrofa	-	-	134146
5	-	Sus scrofa	-	with 0.15 M acetate buffer	134136
5.5	-	Sus scrofa	-	with 0.1 M acetate or succinate buffer	134149
5.8	-	Bos taurus	-	substrate bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate in 0.25 M succinate buffer	134135
5.9	6.5	Bos taurus	-	5.9 with almost 0.15 M ammonium succinate buffer, 6.5 with almost 0.3 M and thymidine 3'(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate as substrate	134151
6	6.5	Bos taurus	-	pH 6.2 in 0.1 M acetate buffer, almost no digestion of 5'-phosphorylated tRNA at ph 4.8	134147
6	6.5	Bos taurus	-	-	134150
6.2	6.3	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134143
6.6	6.8	Cavia porcellus	-	-	134143
6.7	-	Bos taurus	-	-	134148
8	-	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	assay at	690712

pH RANGE	pH RANGE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
3	9	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134143
4	7	Sus scrofa	-	poor effect of 0.02 M Mg2+ on pH activity curve at 37�C	134149
6	8	Homo sapiens	-	-	682165

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM	TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
22	-	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	assay at room temperature	690712
37	-	Bos taurus	-	-	134148
37	-	Sus scrofa	-	-	134149

TEMPERATURE RANGE	TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pI VALUE	pI VALUE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SOURCE
commercial preparation	Bos taurus	-	-	710529
HeLa cell	Homo sapiens	-	-	666249
intestinal mucosa	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	-	homogenates of epithelial cells	134141, 134143
plasma	Homo sapiens	-	-	682204
spleen	Bos taurus	-	-	134134, 134135, 134138, 134139, 134140, 134147, 134148, 134150, 134151
spleen	Sus scrofa	-	-	134136, 134137, 134142, 134145, 134146, 134149, 134155
liver	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	134152, 134153
additional information	Trypanosoma brucei	-	bloodstream forms and procyclic forms of trypanosomes	682836

LOCALIZATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	GeneOntology No.	LITERATURE	SOURCE
cytoplasm	Homo sapiens	-	-	5737	666249
cytoplasm	Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNA, XRNB and XRNC	5737	682836
lysosome	Cavia porcellus	-	-	5764	134141, 134143
lysosome	Sus scrofa	-	-	5764	134146
nucleus	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	-	5634	681823
nucleus	Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNA and XRND	5634	682836
mitochondrion	Sus scrofa	-	-	5739	134149
additional information	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	expression of endogenous FEN-1 occurres in the ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages	-	681823

PDB	SCOP	CATH	ORGANISM
No entries in this field

MOLECULAR WEIGHT	MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
46000	-	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	C-terminal truncation mutant, Western blot analysis	681823
54500	-	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	sequence analysis	681823
75000	-	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	sequence analysis, Western blot analysis	681823
95000	-	Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNC	682836
98000	-	Bos taurus	-	molecular sieving, SDS gel electrophoresis, sucrose density gradient centrifugation	134134
115000	-	Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNB	682836
125000	-	Cavia porcellus	-	gel filtration	134143
158000	-	Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNA	682836
160000	-	Bos taurus	-	SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	134157
170000	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	gel filtration	134143

SUBUNITS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
tetramer	Bos taurus	-	-	134156
tetramer	Bos taurus	-	alpha2beta2, 2 * 25000 + 2 * 55000, intermolecular disulfide bonds, no activity of subunits alpha or beta, but 3.1 times higher specific activity of tetramer in comparison with alpha,beta dimer, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of mercaptoethanol	134157

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
glycoprotein	Bos taurus	-	-	134140
glycoprotein	Bos taurus	-	both monomers glycosylated	134157

Crystallization/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pH STABILITY	pH STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5	7	Bos taurus	-	incubation of pure enzyme for 2 h at 4�C, beyond the limits sharp decrease of stability	134134

TEMPERATURE STABILITY	TEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
35	60	Bos taurus	-	incubation at pH 5.7, 10 min: 90% of initial activity at 35�C, 10% at 60�C	134134
45	80	Sus scrofa	-	range of thermal inactivation, 50% of activity at 56�C	134149
60	-	Cavia porcellus	-	only 20-28% of original activity after heating for 12 min	134143
60	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	only 0-2% of original activity after heating for 6 min	134143
60	-	Bos taurus	-	almost complete inactivation after incubation for 20 min at acidic or neutral pH	134150
61	-	Cavia porcellus	-	lost of 50% of activity after heating of partially purified enzyme for 5 min	134141
64	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	lost of 50% of activity after heating of partially purified enzyme for 5 min	134141

GENERAL STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ORGANIC SOLVENT	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-15�C, in 50% glycerol	Bos taurus	-	134135
4�C, lyophilized crude enzyme, more than 1 year, no loss of activity	Bos taurus	-	134134
-80�C	Homo sapiens	-	682165

Purification/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-	Bos taurus	-	134151, 134156, 134157
contamination by endonuclease activity	Bos taurus	-	134140
no endonuclease and phophomonoesterase activities	Bos taurus	-	134134
-	Cavia porcellus	-	134141
by gel filtration	Homo sapiens	-	682165
FEN-1 purified by cation exchange column followed by a calmodulin affinity resin, more than 95% pure, C-terminal truncation mutant purified on Ni-NTA column and by cation exchange column, more than 95% pure	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	681823
by cation exchange column and on Ni-NTA column	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	681823
-	Rattus norvegicus	-	134141
by calmodulin affinity chromatography	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	681898
-	Sus scrofa	-	134136, 134155
fractionation of exonucleases A, B and C; no contamination by other phosphohydrolase activities	Sus scrofa	-	134146
no contamination by other phosphohydrolase activities	Sus scrofa	-	134149
XRND purified by nickel affinity chromatography	Trypanosoma brucei	-	682836

Cloned/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
full-length, sequence verified PCR product cloned into vector pENTR3C, wild type and mutant Ape2 cDNAs in fusion with GST under the control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose-inducible phosphoglycerate promoter using plasmid pBJ842, resulting in plasmids pIL1047 and pIL1247, respectively, overexpressed in parallel in the protease-deficient BJ5464 yeast strain	Homo sapiens	-	682165
FEN-1 cloned into the pCAL-n-FLAG expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BLR(DE3)pLysS cells. C-terminal truncation mutant cloned into pET24d(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)CodonPlus-RIL	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	681823
HIS6 tagged gene subcloned into pET24d(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)CodonPlus-RIL	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	681823
Escherichia coli BL21-Gold DE3 transformed with the plasmid pCBP-TRM2 and pCBP-DTRM2(ctdelta1689-1920nt), also cloned into a GFP vector bearing a GAL1::GFP transcriptional fusion	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	681898
gene nurA, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, the nurA gene is arranged in an operon-like structure with mre11, rad50, and herA genes, expression with StoSSB in the two-hybrid system in yeast AH109	Sulfolobus tokodaii	-	690712
His-tagged XRND protein expressed in Escherichia coli by cloning into pET3A vector	Trypanosoma brucei	-	682836

EXPRESSION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERING	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
D277A	Homo sapiens	-	mutation of the active-site residue, inactivates 3'�5' exonuclease, 3'-phosphodiesterase and AP-endonuclease activities	682165
additional information	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	C-terminal truncation mutant lacking the terminal 250 amino acids has endonuclease activity that is ca. 130fold greater than full-length FEN-1	681823
additional information	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	Trm2p(ctdelta76aa), lacks 76 amino acids at the C-terminus, retains nuclease activities but not the methyl transferase activity. Trm2(delta232-1920nt) mutant, contains only the first 231 nucleotides of the TRM2 gene, displays low sensitivity to methyl methane sulfonate and suppresses the methyl methane sulfonate sensitivity of rad52 mutants in trm2(delta232-1920nt)rad52 double mutants. Trm2 exo1 double mutants are synergistically more sensitive to methyl methane sulfonate and ionizing radiation than either of the single mutant. The ku80trm2(deltaD232-1920nt) double mutant displays much higher methyl methane sulfonate sensitivity than either of the single mutant alone. The trm2 (delta232-1920nt) single mutant conferrs only a very slight sensitivity to gamma irradiation, while the trm2(delta232-1920nt)exo1 double mutant exhibits 1.7-2.2fold higher sensitivity relative to trm2(delta232-1920nt) mutant	681898

Renatured/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
analysis	Bos taurus	-	kinetic studies on macromolecular substrates degradation	134134
analysis	Bos taurus	-	end group and sequential analysis of polynucleotides	134140, 134151
analysis	Sus scrofa	-	end group and sequential analysis of polynucleotides	134149
analysis	Bos taurus	-	broadly applicable, robust, and rapid method for complete sequence confirmation of highly modified oligonucleotides containing a mixture of 2'-deoxy, 2'-fluoro, 2'-O-methyl, abasic and ribonucleotides. The sense and antisense strands from synthetic short interfering RNA duplexes are digested individually using both 5'- and 3'-exonucleases and the resulting ladders are analyzed using MALDITOF mass spectrometry. Complete sequence confirmation for the antisense strands of four synthetic RNA duplexes is obtained, whereas a three-base sequence gap in the 5'-end is observed for all four sense strands. Outline of a general strategy for routine sequence confirmation of highly modified oligonucleotides	710529
additional information	Homo sapiens	-	Ape2 exhibits strong 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase activities and has only a very weak AP-endonuclease activity	682165
additional information	Plasmodium falciparum	Q9GZ01	Plasmodium FEN-1s have enzymatic activities similar to other species but contain extended C-termini and a more internally located proliferating cell nuclear antigen-binding site. FEN-1 homologs exhibit both endonuclease and exonuclease activities in vitro	681823
additional information	Plasmodium yoelii	Q7RME3	Plasmodium FEN-1s have enzymatic activities similar to other species but contain extended C-termini and a more internally located proliferating cell nuclear antigen-binding site. FEN-1 homologs exhibit both endonuclease and exonuclease activities in vitro	681823
additional information	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	important role for TRM2 in DNA repair with a potential involvement of its nuclease function in homologous recombination based repair of DNA double-strand breaks, plays no role in the nucleotide excision repair and/or base excision repair pathways	681898
analysis	Sus scrofa	-	detection and assay of RNA-linked nascent DNA pieces in E.coli strains	134158
additional information	Trypanosoma brucei	-	XRNA and XRND are required for trypanosome growth	682836

DISEASE	TITLE OF PUBLICATION	LINK TO PUBMED
Herpes Simplex	Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site elements target RNA cleavage events induced by the herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff protein.	PubMed
Huntington Disease	Nuclease-deficient FEN-1 blocks Rad51/BRCA1-mediated repair and causes trinucleotide repeat instability.	PubMed
Infection	Nucleases and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase activities in murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)-infected mice.	PubMed
Leukemia	Down-regulation of human FEN-1 gene expression during differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells.	PubMed
Leukemia	Gene expression of flap endonuclease-1 during cell proliferation and differentiation.	PubMed
Neoplasms	Cloning of the Flap Endonuclease-1 Gene in Bombyx mori and Identification of an Antiapoptotic Function.	PubMed
Neoplasms	Flap endonuclease 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is associated with a high Gleason score.	PubMed
Neoplasms	Structure of the DNA repair and replication endonuclease and exonuclease FEN-1: coupling DNA and PCNA binding to FEN-1 activity.	PubMed
Neuroblastoma	Role of phosphodiesterase II in cross talk between cGMP and cAMP in human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cells.	PubMed
Ovarian Neoplasms	Immunohistochemical characterization of a monoclonal antibody detecting an endometrioid ovarian cancer-associated antigen.	PubMed
Prostatic Neoplasms	Flap endonuclease 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is associated with a high Gleason score.	PubMed
Sarcoma	Nucleases and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase activities in murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)-infected mice.	PubMed
Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy	cDNA cloning and characterization of human Delta5-desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid.	PubMed
Werner Syndrome	Novel function of the flap endonuclease 1 complex in processing stalled DNA replication forks.	PubMed
Werner Syndrome	Stimulation of flap endonuclease-1 by the Bloom's syndrome protein.	PubMed
Xeroderma Pigmentosum	The DNA repair endonuclease XPG binds to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and shares sequence elements with the PCNA-binding regions of FEN-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21.	PubMed

REF.	AUTHORS	TITLE	JOURNAL	VOL.	PAGES	YEAR	ORGANISM	LINK TO PUBMED	SOURCE
134134	Dolapchiev, L.B.; Bakalova, A.	Simple purification and some properties of beef spleen exonuclease	Prep. Biochem.	12	121-136	1982	Bos taurus	PubMed
134135	Bernardi, A.; Bernardi, G.	Spleen acid exonuclease	The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P.D., ed.)	4	329-336	1971	Bos taurus	-
134136	Bernardi, G.; Bernardi, A.	Spleen exonuclease (1)	Procedures in Nucleic Acid Research (Cantoni, G.L., Davies, D.R., eds.)		144-153	1966	Sus scrofa	-
134137	Philippsen, P.; Zachau, H.G.	Preparation of transfer RNA fragments by limited degradation with spleen exonuclease	Methods Enzymol.	29E	473-477	1974	Sus scrofa	PubMed
134138	Zielinski, W.S.; Niewiarowski, W.	Further studies on the substrate specifity of calf spleen phosphodiesterase [3.1.4.18]	Nucleic Acids Res.	9	235-237	1981	Bos taurus	PubMed
134139	Hawley, D.M.; Tsou, K.C.; Hodes, M.E.	Preparation, properties, and uses of two fluorogenic substrates for the detection of 5'-(venom) and 3'-(spleen) nucleotide phosphodiesterases	Anal. Biochem.	117	18-23	1981	Bos taurus	PubMed
134140	Silverman, S.; S�ll, D.	A rapid method for preparation of calf spleen exonuclease	Nucleic Acids Res.	4	3511-3517	1977	Bos taurus	PubMed
134141	Flanagan, P.R.; Zbarsky, S.H.	Purification of phosphodiesterase II from rat and guinea-pig intestinal mucosa	Biochem. J.	155	607-613	1976	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
134142	Margison, G.P.; O'Connor, P.J.; Cornish-Bowden, A.	Role of apurinic sites in the resistance of methylated oligodeoxyribonucleotides to degradation by spleen exonuclease	Biochem. J.	151	249-256	1975	Sus scrofa	PubMed
134143	Flanagan, P.R.; Zbarsky, S.H.	Phosphodiesterase II in epithelial cells from guinea-pig and rat small intestine	Biochem. J.	142	545-553	1974	Cavia porcellus, Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
134144	Holy, A.	Substrate specifity of spleen acid exonuclease and spleen cyclic phosphodiesterase	Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.	39	310-332	1974	Bos taurus	-
134145	Philippsen, P.; Zachau, H.G.	Partial degradation of transfer RNAs and transfer RNA fragments by spleen phosphodiesterase as studied by disc electrophoretic methods	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	277	523-538	1972	Sus scrofa	PubMed
134146	Sicard, P.J.; Barthelemy-Clavey, V.	Hog spleen-phosphohydrolases-heterogeneity	Enzymologia	43	227-244	1972	Sus scrofa	PubMed
134147	Bernardi, A.; Cantoni, G.L.	Action of spleen exonuclease on transfer ribonucleic acid	J. Biol. Chem.	244	1468-1476	1969	Bos taurus	PubMed
134148	Gunther, J.K.; Chang, A.Y.; Clark, J.M.	Action of spleen phosphodiesterase upon soluble ribonucleic acid	Arch. Biochem. Biophys.	125	480-487	1968	Bos taurus	PubMed
134149	Bernardi, A.; Bernardi, G.	Studies on acid hydrolases. IV. Isolation and characterization of spleen exonuclease	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	155	360-370	1968	Sus scrofa	PubMed
134150	Khorana, H.G.	Phosphodiesterases	The Enzymes, 2nd Ed (Boyer, P.D., Lardy, H., Myrb�ck, K., eds.)	5	79-94	1961	Bos taurus	-
134151	Razzell, W.E.; Khorana, H.G.	Studies on polynucleotides	J. Biol. Chem.	236	1144-1149	1961	Bos taurus	PubMed
134152	Van Dyck, HJ.M.; Wattiaux, R.	Intracellular distribution of acid exonuclease in rat liver	Eur. J. Biochem.	7	15-20	1968	Rattus norvegicus	-
134153	Erecinska, M.; Sierakowska, H.; Shugar, D.	Intracellular localization of phosphodiesterases I and II in rat liver	Eur. J. Biochem.	11	465-471	1969	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
134154	Heppel, L.A.; Hilmoe, R.J.	Mechanism of enzymic hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate	Fed. Proc.	12	217	1953	Bos taurus	-
134155	Bakalova-Ivanova, A.; Dolapchiev, L.B.	Three step procedure for purification of the exonuclease from beef spleen	Dokl. Bolg. Akad. Nauk	31	921-924	1978	Sus scrofa	-
134156	Mitkova, A.V.; Stoynov, S.S.; Bakalova, A.T.; Dolapchiev, L.B.	Emergence of the active site of spleen exonuclease upon association of the two basic monomers of the tetrameric enzyme	Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.	31	1399-1407	1999	Bos taurus	PubMed
134157	Mitkova, A.V.; Bakalova, A.T.; Stoynov, S.S.; Dolapchiev, L.B.	Oligomeric protein structure of beef spleen exonuclease	Arch. Biochem. Biophys.	351	236-242	1998	Bos taurus	PubMed
134158	Kurosawa, Y.; Ogawa, T.; Hirose, S.; Okazaki, T.; Okazaki, R.	Mechanism of DNA chain groth. XV. RNA-linked nascent DNA pieces in Escherichia coli strains assayed with spleen exonuclease	J. Mol. Biol.	96	653-664	1975	Sus scrofa	PubMed
666249	Mukherjee, D.; Fritz, D.T.; Kilpatrick, W.J.; Gao, M.; Wilusz, J.	Analysis of RNA exonucleolytic activities in cellular extracts	Methods Mol. Biol.	257	193-211	2004	Homo sapiens	PubMed
666438	West, S.; Gromak, N.; Proudfoot, N.J.	Human 5' --> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites	Nature	432	522-525	2004	Homo sapiens	PubMed
681823	Casta, L.J.; Buguliskis, J.S.; Matsumoto, Y.; Taraschi, T.F.	Expression and biochemical characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum DNA repair enzyme, flap endonuclease-1 (PfFEN-1)	Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.	157	1-12	2008	Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii	PubMed
681898	Choudhury, S.A.; Asefa, B.; Webb, A.; Ramotar, D.; Chow, T.Y.	Functional and genetic analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNC1/TRM2: evidences for its involvement in DNA double-strand break repair	Mol. Cell. Biochem.	300	215-226	2007	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	PubMed
682165	Burkovics, P.; Szukacsov, V.; Unk, I.; Haracska, L.	Human Ape2 protein has a 3-5 exonuclease activity that acts preferentially on mismatched base pairs	Nucleic Acids Res.	34	2508-2515	2006	Homo sapiens	PubMed
682204	Wojcik, M.; Cieslak, M.; Stec, W.J.; Goding, J.W.; Koziolkiewicz, M.	Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 is responsible for degradation of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides	Oligonucleotides	17	134-145	2007	Homo sapiens	PubMed
682836	Li, C.H.; Irmer, H.; Gudjonsdottir-Planck, D.; Freese, S.; Salm, H.; Haile, S.; Estevez, A.M.; Clayton, C.	Roles of a Trypanosoma brucei 5->3 exoribonuclease homolog in mRNA degradation	RNA	12	2171-2186	2006	Trypanosoma brucei	PubMed
690712	Wei, T.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, S.; Sheng, D.; Ni, J.; Shen, Y.	Physical and functional interaction between archaeal single-stranded DNA-binding protein and the 5'-3' nuclease NurA	Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.	367	523-529	2008	Sulfolobus tokodaii	PubMed
710529	Gao, H.; Liu, Y.; Rumley, M.; Yuan, H.; Mao, B.	Sequence confirmation of chemically modified RNAs using exonuclease digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry	Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.	23	3423-3430	2009	Bos taurus	PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 3.1.16.1)

NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature

PROSITE Database of protein families and domains

SYSTERS

Protein Mutant Database

InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)

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