Information on EC 2.3.1.183 - phosphinothricin acetyltransferase:
   PRINT
Please wait a moment until all data are loaded. This message will disappear when all data are loaded.
Mark a special word or phrase in this record:  
Select one or more organisms in this record:

Show additional data Do not include text mining results
Include (text mining) results (more...)
Include results (AMENDA + additional results, but less precise; more...)

Please login to have access to the AMENDA and FRENDA data

EC NUMBERCOMMENTARY
2.3.1.183-

RECOMMENDED NAMEGeneOntology No.
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase-

REACTIONREACTION DIAGRAMCOMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricin = CoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		----

REACTION TYPEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
Acyl group transferStreptomyces viridochromogenes--676990
Acyl group transferEmbryophyta--684656
Acyl group transferPseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7-685130
Acyl group transferBeauveria bassiana--685749
Acyl group transferCapsicum annuum--688319

PATHWAYKEGG LinkMetaCyc Link
No entries in this field

SYSTEMATIC NAMEIUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferaseThe substrate phosphinothricin is used as a nonselective herbicide and is a potent inhibitor of EC 6.3.1.2, glutamate---ammonia ligase, a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism in plants [2].

SYNONYMSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
hpatStreptomyces sp.--702983
L-PPT N-acetyltransferaseAlcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis--671406
MATNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740
MATNocardia sp.--702983
methionine sulfone N-acetyltransferaseNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740
methionine sulfone N-acetyltransferaseNocardia sp.--702983
PatStreptomyces hygroscopicus--673335, 673824, 674098, 675993, 705359
PatStreptomyces viridochromogenes--676475, 676683, 676990, 677277
PatEmbryophyta--684656
PatCapsicum annuum--688319
PatStreptomyces viridochromogenesQ57146gene name704129
phosphinothricin acetyltransferaseEmbryophyta--684656
phosphinothricin acetyltransferasePseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7-685130
phosphinothricin acetyltransferaseBeauveria bassiana-coded by the bar gene685749
phosphinothricin acetyltransferaseStreptomyces hygroscopicus-gene product of the bar gene702824
phosphinothricin acetyltransferaseStreptomyces hygroscopicus--704140, 705359, 706193
phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferaseStreptomyces viridochromogenes--673842, 673843, 676990
phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferaseStreptomyces hygroscopicus--674098, 704129
phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferaseStreptomyces viridochromogenes--676683, 677277, 704129
phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferaseCapsicum annuum--688319
phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferaseNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740
phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferaseNocardia sp., Streptomyces sp.--702983
PitAPseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7-685130
PPT acetyltransferaseStreptomyces hygroscopicus--673824

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERCOMMENTARY
111069-93-3-

ORGANISMCOMMENTARYLITERATURESEQUENCE CODESEQUENCE DB SOURCE
Alcaligenes faecalis-671406--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Beauveria bassianaan improved transformation method for Beauveria bassiana is developed, therefore a new expression vector carrying the bar gene as a marker is constructed, the bar gene is originally isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromogenes685749--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Capsicum annuumthe bar gene is originally isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromogenes688319--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Embryophytatransgenic plants684656--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nocardia sp.strain AB2253, soil isolate702983--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nocardia sp. AB2253soil isolate702740B0I560TREMBLManually annotated by BRENDA team
Pseudomonas aeruginosaputative uncharacterized protein685130Q9HUU7UniProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Rhodococcus sp.strain DX-35671406--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Rhodococcus sp. DX-35strain DX-35671406--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sphingomonas paucimobilisstrain FX-90671406--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sphingomonas paucimobilis FX-90strain FX-90671406--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces hygroscopicus-702824, 704129P16426SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces hygroscopicus-704140, 705359, 706193--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces hygroscopicusgene bar673335, 673824, 675993--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces hygroscopicusgene bar; gene bar674098P16426SwissProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces sp.strain AB3534, soil isolate, DDBJ no. DD355820702983--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces sp. AB3534strain AB3534, soil isolate, DDBJ no. DD355820702983--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenes-676475, 676990--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenes-704129Q57146UniProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenesstrain Tue494677277--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenesstrain Tue494, gene pat673843, 676683--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenesstrain Tue494, gene PttR673842--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenesstrain Tü494676563--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tu494strain Tü494676563--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tue494strain Tue494677277--Manually annotated by BRENDA team

GENERAL INFORMATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
metabolismNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560detoxification of the nonselective herbicide phosphinothricin, commercial named Roundup Ready, Finale or Basta702740

SUBSTRATEPRODUCT                      REACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY/
Substrate		 LITERATURE/
Substrate		 COMMENTARY/
Product		 LITERATURE/
Product		 Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)CoA + 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid
show the reaction diagram		Nocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740--?
acetyl-CoA + bialaphosCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin bialophos
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicus-bialaphos is a tripeptide containing L-phosphinothricin and two L-alanines673335--?
acetyl-CoA + L-methionine sulfone?
show the reaction diagram		Pseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7-685130--?
acetyl-CoA + L-methionine sulfoximine?
show the reaction diagram		Pseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7enzyme has no activity towards phosphinothricin685130--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicus--673335, 673824, 675993, 705359--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes--676475, 676563--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicusP16426-674098--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Nocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740--ir
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis-stereospecific reaction, no activity with D-isomer671406--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes-the enzyme confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin, which is deaminated to form its corresponding oxo acid 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxo-butanoic acid, which subsequently is decarboxylated to form 3-methylphosphinico-propanoic acid, a stable compound in the plant676563, 676683--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicusP16426the enzyme is responsible for resistance to L-phosphinothricin and bialaphos674098--?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes-analysis of degradation of L-phosphinothricin 14C-labeled specifically at different C-atoms, overview676683product determination and identification-?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis-i.e. L-homoalanin-4-yl(methyl)phosphinic acid, the active ingredient of the herbicide BASTA, stereospecific reaction, no activity with D-isomer671406--?
acetyl-CoA + methionine sulfoneCoA + ?
show the reaction diagram		Nocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740--?
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Embryophyta--684656--?
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Capsicum annuum--688319--?
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes--676990--?
phosphinothricin + acetyl-CoAL-N-acetylphosphinothricin + CoA
show the reaction diagram		Nocardia sp., Streptomyces sp.--702983--?
phosphinothricin + acetyl-CoAL-N-acetylphosphinothricin + CoA
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicusP16426-702824--?
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Beauveria bassiana--685749--?
additional information?-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-the enzyme confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin677277---

NATURAL SUBSTRATESNATURAL PRODUCTSREACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY SUBSTRATELITERATURE
(Substrate)		COMMENTARY PRODUCTLITERATURE
(Product)
acetyl-CoA + bialaphosCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin bialophos
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicus--673335--
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicus--673335, 673824, 675993--
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes--676475--
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis-stereospecific reaction, no activity with D-isomer671406--
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes-the enzyme confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin, which is deaminated to form its corresponding oxo acid 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxo-butanoic acid, which subsequently is decarboxylated to form 3-methylphosphinico-propanoic acid, a stable compound in the plant676563, 676683--
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricinCoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces hygroscopicusP16426the enzyme is responsible for resistance to L-phosphinothricin and bialaphos674098--
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Embryophyta--684656--
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Capsicum annuum--688319--
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Streptomyces viridochromogenes--676990--
acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricinCoA + N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram		Beauveria bassiana--685749--
additional information?-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-the enzyme confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin677277--

COFACTORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATUREIMAGE
acetyl-CoAAlcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis--671406 2D-image
acetyl-CoAStreptomyces hygroscopicus--673335, 673824, 674098, 675993 2D-image
acetyl-CoAStreptomyces viridochromogenes--676475, 676563, 676683 2D-image
acetyl-CoANocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740 2D-image

METALS and IONS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

INHIBITORSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
aminooxyacetic acidRhodococcus sp.--671406 2D-image

ACTIVATING COMPOUNDORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
additional informationAlcaligenes faecalis-the enzyme activity is inducible 10fold by L-phosphinothricin671406-

KM VALUE [mM]KM VALUE [mM] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
0.03-acetyl-CoAPseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7apparent KM685130 2D-image
1.3-L-Methionine sulfonePseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7apparent KM685130 2D-image
1.3-L-methionine sulfoximinePseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7apparent KM685130 2D-image
2.2-L-phosphinothricinNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740 2D-image
14.31-methionine sulfoneNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560-702740 2D-image
additional information-additional informationStreptomyces hygroscopicus-Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of the recombinant wild-type and modified enzymes673824-
additional information-additional informationStreptomyces viridochromogenes--677277-

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s] TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s] SUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
610-L-Methionine sulfonePseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7apparent Kcat685130 2D-image
505-L-methionine sulfoximinePseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7apparent Kcat685130 2D-image

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]Ki VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

IC50 VALUE [mM]IC50 VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg] SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
0.0177-Streptomyces sp.-at 30°C, enzyme activity in crude extract of the transgenic soybean line h-7, in wild-type plants no activity is detectable702983
0.02-Alcaligenes faecalis-induced activity, cell extract671406
0.0212-Rhodococcus sp.-strain DX-35, cell extract671406
0.0221-Nocardia sp.-at 30°C, enzyme activity in crude extract of the transgenic soybean line m-12, in wild-type plants no activity is detectable702983
0.0357-Streptomyces sp.-at 30°C, enzyme activity in crude extract of the transgenic soybean line h-9, in wild-type plants no activity is detectable702983
additional information-Streptomyces hygroscopicus--675993
additional information-Streptomyces viridochromogenes--676683
additional information-Streptomyces hygroscopicus-Enzymatic PAT activity is different in several transgenic lines, but not detectable in wild-type plants. Transgenic lines with lower enzyme activity are sensitive to higher concentrations of phosphinothricin.702824

pH OPTIMUMpH MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
7-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-assay at673842
7-Streptomyces hygroscopicus-assay at675993
7.2-Pseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7activity assay685130
7.5-Streptomyces hygroscopicus--673824
7.5-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-assay at676683
8.2-Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis-assay at671406
8.5-Nocardia sp. AB2253B0I560in Tris buffer702740

pH RANGEpH RANGE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
69Streptomyces hygroscopicus-no activity at pH 5.0 and pH 10.0673824
79.5Nocardia sp. AB2253B0I560Catalytic activity reaches a maximum at pH 8 to pH 8.5. In Tris buffer at pH 7 and pH 9.5 20-30% catalytic activity remains. In phosphate buffer, the activity at pH 7 and pH 6.5 is 15% and 10%, respectively. At pH 6 the enzyme shows no activity.702740

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUMTEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
30-Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis-assay at671406
30-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-assay at673842
30-Streptomyces hygroscopicus-assay at675993
30-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-assay at676683
37-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-assay at676475
37-Pseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7activity assay685130
4555Streptomyces hygroscopicus--673824

TEMPERATURE RANGE TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
1055Streptomyces hygroscopicus--673824

pI VALUEpI VALUE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE SOURCE
additional informationAlcaligenes faecalis-the organism cannot utilize L-phosphinothricin as a sole source of nitrogen671406Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional informationRhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis-the organism is able to utilize L-phosphinothricin as a sole source of nitrogen671406Manually annotated by BRENDA team

LOCALIZATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY GeneOntology No. LITERATURE SOURCE
No entries in this field

PDBSCOPCATHORGANISM
No entries in this field

MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
19600-Nocardia sp. AB2253B0I560SDS-PAGE702740
21000-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-determined by SDS-PAGE676990
21000-Nocardia sp., Streptomyces sp.-SDS-PAGE702983
28000-Capsicum annuum-determined by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis688319
30000-Streptomyces hygroscopicus-SDS-PAGE705359
40000-Streptomyces viridochromogenes-recombinant enzyme, gel filtration677277

SUBUNITS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
?Streptomyces viridochromogenes-x * 20621, nucleotide sequence calculation673843
dimerStreptomyces viridochromogenes-2 * 20000, about, recombinant enzyme677277

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
a high-resolution, 1.55 A, crystal structure of pita in complex with L-methionine sulfoximine is solvedPseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7685130

pH STABILITYpH STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE STABILITYTEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

GENERAL STABILITYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
The degradability of purificated PAT obtained from Escherichia coli in simulated gastric fluid is clearly apparent within at least 30 s. However, PAT degradation in leaf tissue powder from zoysia grass is significantly delayed, but complete within at least 5 min.Streptomyces hygroscopicus-705359

ORGANIC SOLVENT ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Purification/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
the recombinant protein is purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and used for the production of polyclonal antibodies, for Western blot analysis the protein is extracted from peppersCapsicum annuum-688319
-Nocardia sp.-702983
-Pseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7685130
-Streptomyces hygroscopicus-705359
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, recombinant enzyme from transgenic maize and rape plants by immunoaffinity chromatography, method development, overviewStreptomyces hygroscopicusP16426674098
-Streptomyces sp.-702983
for the purification of PAT from Pseudomonas fluorescens ammonium sulfate precipitation, a Source 15 Phenyl XK hydrophobic interaction column, and a Superdex 75 XK gel filtration column are used; recombinant enzyme from Pseudomonas fluorescens to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtrationStreptomyces viridochromogenes-676990
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and hydroxylapatite chromatography, followed by gel filtration, to about 90% purityStreptomyces viridochromogenes-677277

Cloned/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
into the vector pBFT, the new construct contains the marker genes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and green fluorescence protein as a fusion sequence bar::egfpBeauveria bassiana-685749
into the pQE31 vector for expression in Escherichia coli M15 cellsCapsicum annuum-688319
expressed in soybean after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciensNocardia sp.-702983
expressed as chimeric protein in Escherichia coli and in pea chloroplasts after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciensNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560702740
into the vector pET24a for expression in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 cellsPseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7685130
expressed in Escherichia coli and in genetically modified zoysia grass Zoysia matrellaStreptomyces hygroscopicus-705359
expressed in Festuca pratensis after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciensStreptomyces hygroscopicus-706193
expressed in Quercus suber after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciensStreptomyces hygroscopicus-702824
gene bar, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), expression in transgenic maize and rape plant leavesStreptomyces hygroscopicusP16426674098
gene bar, expression in Escherichia coli with gene fragments fused to the 3' end, the fusion gene product shows unaltered kinetic properties compared to the unmodified gene productStreptomyces hygroscopicus-673824
gene bar, subcloning in Escherichia coli, functional expression in Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection system and The S35 CMV vectorStreptomyces hygroscopicus-673335
gene bar, transformation of and expression in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Havana, reciprocal crosses between wild type and transplastomic tobacco plants confirms maternal inheritance of the PPT resistance and high levels of PAT activity in the transplastomic plants, phenotype, overviewStreptomyces hygroscopicus-675993
expressed in soybean after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciensStreptomyces sp.-702983
a linear template for in vitro transcription and translation is created, the PAT gene is cloned into the vector pCR2.1TOPO, verified and subcloned into pET280 and pDOW1169 for expression in Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively; overexpression in Escherichia coli Bl21(DE3) and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain DC454 requiring modification of the 5' end of the pat ORF, in vitro transcription and translation, optimization of the expression method, Pseudomonas fluorescens is the better host, the secondary structures in the 5' coding region of pat gene influences the expression efficiency, overviewStreptomyces viridochromogenes-676990
gene pat, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, translation of pat is initiated by a GTG codon, functional expression in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404-mediated leaf-disc transformation replacing the GTG start codon by ATG, expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Streptomyces lividans strain TK23 and in Escherichia coli strains JM83 and S17.1, the gene confers resistance to L-phosphinothricinStreptomyces viridochromogenes-673843
gene pat, expression in Nicotiana tabacum var. W38 plant leaves and roots using the root-specific pat promoter of the hemoglobin gene from Parasponia andersonii, the transgenic tobacco plants show herbicide tolerance, overviewStreptomyces viridochromogenes-676475
gene pat, expression in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, Daucus carota, and Medicago sativa plants, the functional expression of gene pat confers resistance to the herbicide L-phosphinothricinStreptomyces viridochromogenes-676563
gene pat, functional expression in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum and Daucus carota plant leaves using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 transfection of leaves and direct gene transfer to protoplasts, respectively, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain S 17. I, the transgenic plants are resistant to L-phosphinothricinStreptomyces viridochromogenes-676683
gene PttR, cloning of the gene from an phosphinothricin-tripeptide-resistant mutant, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, promoter analysis, expression in Streptomyces lividans strain TK23 and Escherichia coli strain JM83 using different plasmids, overview, the gene confers resistance to L-phosphinothricinStreptomyces viridochromogenes-673842
overexpression in Escherichia coliStreptomyces viridochromogenes-677277

EXPRESSION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERINGORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
Depp4Pseudomonas aeruginosaQ9HUU7mutant, in which pita is inactivated through an in-frame deletion685130
additional informationStreptomyces hygroscopicus-construction of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection system, expression of the enzyme confers resistance to the herbicide L-phosphothricin, overview673335
additional informationStreptomyces hygroscopicusP16426construction of transgenic Zea mays and Brassica sp. plants expressing the bar gene, expression analysis, overview674098
additional informationStreptomyces viridochromogenes-construction of insertion mutants of pat, phenotypes and genetic regulation673843
additional informationStreptomyces viridochromogenes-transgenic Nicotiana tabacum and Daucus carota plants expressing the enzyme are resistant to L-phosphinothricin, L-phosphinothricin metabolism including decarboxylation and CO2 release in wild-type plants and transgenic plants, overview676683

Renatured/COMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
biotechnologyBeauveria bassiana-an improved transformation method for biocontrol agent, Beauveria bassiana, is developed685749
analysisCapsicum annuum-an immunoassay method is developed to quantitatively detect phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase encoded by the Bialaphos resistance gene in genetically modified pepper688319
analysisEmbryophyta-the electrochemical DNA biosensor is used to the detection of the PAT gene sequence, which is one of screening detection genes ot the transgenic plants684656
agricultureNocardia sp.-creation of herbicide resistant plants702983
biotechnologyNocardia sp.-creation of herbicide resistant plants702983
agricultureNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560creation of herbicide resistant plants702740
biotechnologyNocardia sp. AB2253B0I560creation of herbicide resistant plants702740
agricultureStreptomyces hygroscopicus-creation of herbicide resistant plants706193
analysisStreptomyces hygroscopicus-use of pat as marker gene for the screening of genetically modified crops704129
analysisStreptomyces hygroscopicus-use of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene as marker for the screening of genetically modified crops704140
biotechnologyStreptomyces hygroscopicus-the bar gene is introduced into the cork oak genome to create resistance to the broad-spectrum herbicide phosphinothricin, commercially named Basta, Roundup Ready or Finale702824
biotechnologyStreptomyces hygroscopicus-creation of herbicide resistant plants706193
molecular biologyStreptomyces hygroscopicus-the bar gene represents a selectable and assayable reporter gene especially suitable for 3’-terminal gene fusions673824
agricultureStreptomyces sp.-creation of herbicide resistant plants702983
biotechnologyStreptomyces sp.-creation of herbicide resistant plants702983
agricultureStreptomyces viridochromogenes-since the presence of the PAT gene confers resistance to the host harboring it, this gene has been used extensively as a selectable marker for the transformation of a wide range of plants676990
analysisStreptomyces viridochromogenesQ57146use of pat as marker gene for the screening of genetically modified crops704129

REF. AUTHORS TITLE JOURNAL VOL. PAGES YEAR ORGANISMLINK TO PUBMEDSOURCE
671406Bartsch, K.; Tebbe, C.C.Initial steps in the degradation of phosphinothricin (glufosinate) by soil bacteriaAppl. Environ. Microbiol.55711-7161989Alcaligenes faecalis, Rhodococcus sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis PubMed
673335De Block, M.; Botterman, J.; Vandewiele, M.; Dockx, J.; Thoen, C.; Gossele, V.; Movva, N.R.; Thompson, C.; Van Montagu, M.; Leemans, J.Engineering herbicide resistance in plants by expression of a detoxifying enzymeEMBO J.62513-25181987Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed
673824Botterman, J.; Gossele, V.; Thoen, C.; Lauwereys, M.Characterization of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and C-terminal enzymatically active fusion proteinsGene10233-371991Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed
673842Strauch, E.; Wohlleben, W.; Puhler, A.Cloning of a phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tu494 and its expression in Streptomyces lividans and Escherichia coliGene6365-741988Streptomyces viridochromogenes PubMed
673843Wohllehen, W.; Arnold, W.; Broer, L.; Hillemaan, D.; Strauch, E.; Ptihler, A.Nucleotide sequence of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü494 and its expression in Nicotiana tabacumGene7025-371988Streptomyces viridochromogenes PubMed
674098Xu, W.; Huang, K.; Zhao, H.; Luo, Y.Application of immunoaffinity column as cleanup tool for an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase detection in genetically modified maize and rapeJ. Agric. Food Chem.534315-43212005Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed
675993Kang, T.J.; Seo, J.E.; Loc, N.H.; Yang, M.S.Herbicide resistance of tobacco chloroplasts expressing the bar geneMol. Cells1660-662003Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed
676475van der Hoeven, C.; Dietz, A.; Landsmann, J.Expression of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase from the root specific pat promoter in transgenic tobacco plants is sufficient for herbicide tolerancePlant Cell Rep.14165-1701994Streptomyces viridochromogenes-
676563Droege-Laser, W.; Siemeling, U.; Puhler, A.; Broer, I.The metabolites of the herbicide L-phosphinothricin (glufosinate). Identification, stability, and mobility in transgenic, herbicide-resistant, and untransformed plantsPlant Physiol.105159-1661994Streptomyces viridochromogenes PubMed
676683Droege, W.; Broer, I.; Puehler, A.Transgenic plants containing the phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase gene metabolize the herbicide L-phosphinothricin (glufosinate) differently from untransformed plantsPlanta187142-1511992Streptomyces viridochromogenes-
676990Madduri, K.M.; Snodderley, E.M.Expression of phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens: Influence of mRNA secondary structure, host, and other physiological conditionsProtein Expr. Purif.55352-3602007Streptomyces viridochromogenes PubMed
677277Vinnemeier, J.; Droege-Laser, W.; Pistorius, E.K.; Broer, I.Purification and partial characterization of the Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tue494 phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase mediating resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin in transgenic plantsZ. Naturforsch. C50796-8051995Streptomyces viridochromogenes-
684656Zhang, W.; Yang, T.; Jiang, C.; Jiao, K.DNA hybridization and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene sequence detection based on zirconia/nanogold film modified electrodeAppl. Surf. Sci.2544750-47562008Embryophyta-
685130Davies, A.M.; Tata, R.; Beavil, R.L.; Sutton, B.J.; Brown, P.R.l-Methionine sulfoximine, but not phosphinothricin, is a substrate for an acetyltransferase (gene PA4866) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: structural and functional studiesBiochemistry461829-18392007Pseudomonas aeruginosa PubMed
685749Jin, K.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, Z.; Xiao, Y.; Fan, Y.; Wu, D.; Pei, Y.An improved method for Beauveria bassiana transformation using phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and green fluorescent protein fusion gene as a selectable and visible markerBiotechnol. Lett.301379-13832008Beauveria bassiana PubMed
688319Shim, Y.Y.; Shin, W.S.; Moon, G.S.; Kim, K.H.Quantitative analysis of phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase in genetically modified herbicide tolerant pepper by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayJ. Microbiol. Biotechnol.17681-6842007Capsicum annuum PubMed
702740Yun, C.S.; Hasegawa, H.; Nanamiya, H.; Terakawa, T.; Tozawa, Y.Novel bacterial N-acetyltransferase gene for herbicide detoxification in land plants and selection maker in plant transformationBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.731000-10062009Nocardia sp. AB2253 PubMed
702824Álvarez, R.; Álvarez, J.; Humara, J.; Revilla, Á.; Ordás, R.Genetic transformation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) for herbicide resistanceBiotechnol. Lett.311477-14832009Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed
702983Kita, Y.; Hanafy, M.; Deguchi, M.; Hasegawa, H.; Terakawa, T.; Kitamura, K.; Ishimoto, M.Generation and characterization of herbicide-resistant soybean plants expressing novel phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase genesBreed. Sci.59245-2512009Nocardia sp., Streptomyces sp.-
704129Randhawa, G.J.; Chhabra, R.; Singh, M.Multiplex PCR-based simultaneous amplification of selectable marker and reporter genes for the screening of genetically modified cropsJ. Agric. Food Chem.575167-51722009Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces viridochromogenes PubMed
704140Grohmann, L.; Bruenen-Nieweler, C.; Nemeth, A.; Waiblinger, H.U.Collaborative trial validation studies of real-time PCR-based GMO screening methods for detection of the bar gene and the ctp2-cp4epsps constructJ. Agric. Food Chem.578913-89202009Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed
705359Sun, H.; Kang, H.; Bae, T.; Cho, T.; Kim, J.; Lim, P.; Riu, K.; Lee, H.Assessment of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) degradation from transgenic zoysiagrass digested with simulated gastric fluid (SGF)J. Plant Biol.53113-1202010Streptomyces hygroscopicus-
706193Gao, C.; Liu, J.; Nielsen, K.K.Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)Plant Cell Rep.281431-14372009Streptomyces hygroscopicus PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.3.1.183)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
SYSTERS
Protein Mutant Database
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)