Information on EC 2.1.1.157 -

Information on EC 2.1.1.157 - sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase:

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EC NUMBER	COMMENTARY
2.1.1.157	-

RECOMMENDED NAME	GeneOntology No.
sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase	GO:0052730

REACTION	REACTION DIAGRAM	COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		-	-	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	659145
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		-	-	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	659145

REACTION TYPE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

PATHWAY	KEGG Link	MetaCyc Link
No entries in this field

SYSTEMATIC NAME

IUBMB Comments

S-adenosyl-L-methionine:sarcosine(or N,N-dimethylglycine) N-methyltransferase [N,N-dimethylglycine(or betaine)-forming]

Cells of the oxygen-evolving halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanocthece halophytica synthesize betaine from glycine by a three-step methylation process. The first enzyme, EC 2.1.1.156, glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase, leads to the formation of either sarcosine or N,N-dimethylglycine, which is further methylated to yield betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) by the action of this enzyme. Both of these enzymes can catalyse the formation of N,N-dimethylglycine from sarcosine [3]. The reactions are strongly inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.

SYNONYMS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
dimethylglycine methyltransferase	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964
GsSDMT	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964
sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase	Actinopolyspora halophila, Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	659145
sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	-	659145
sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578
SDMT	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578, 659145
SDMT	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	-	659145
SDMT	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	-	659286
SDMT	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	-	677087

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER	COMMENTARY
294211-00-0	-

ORGANISM	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SEQUENCE CODE	SEQUENCE DB	SOURCE
Actinopolyspora halophila	ATCC 27976	659145	-	-
Aphanothece halophytica	inducible enzyme	659286	Q83WC3	SwissProt
Galdieria sulphuraria	-	689964	-	-
Halorhodospira halochloris	-	695387	Q9KJ21	SwissProt
Halorhodospira halochloris	i.e. Halorhodospira halochloris	657578	-	-
Halorhodospira halochloris	i.e. Halorhodospira halochloris	659145	Q9KJ21	SwissProt
Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	695924	-	-
Methanohalophilus portucalensis	strain FDF1, one peak showing SDMT activity eluted from chromatofocusing column	677087	-	-
Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1	strain FDF1, one peak showing SDMT activity eluted from chromatofocusing column	677087	-	-

GENERAL INFORMATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SUBSTRATE	PRODUCT	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY/ Substrate	LITERATURE/ Substrate	COMMENTARY/ Product	LITERATURE/ Product	Reversibility r=reversible ir=irreversible ?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine		Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	low activity	659286	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578, 659145	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	-	659145	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Actinopolyspora halophila	-	-	659145	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	-	659145	i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	-	659286	i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Actinopolyspora halophila	-	preferred substrate	659145	i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine		Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine	677087	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine + H+		Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	-	695924	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine	677087	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578, 659145	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	-	659145	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Actinopolyspora halophila	-	-	659145	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	-	659286	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Halorhodospira halochloris	-	i.e. methylglycine	657578	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	i.e. methylglycine	659286	-	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine + H+		Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	about 30% of the activity with N,N-dimethylglycine	695924	-	-	?
additional information	?	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process	659145	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process	659145	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions	657578	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	the enzyme is involved in the alternate biosynthesis of betaine, which is an important osmoprotectant and is synthesized in response to abiotic stress, enzyme shows strict substrate specificity	659286	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	the enzyme has overlapping activities with the enzyme catalyzing the prior reaction steps	659145	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	the enzyme has overlapping activities with the enzyme catalyzing the prior reaction steps	659145	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	the enzyme shows strict specificity for glycine and sarcosine as substrates, no activity with ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, nor several L-amino acid, overview	657578	-	-	-

NATURAL SUBSTRATES	NATURAL PRODUCTS	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY SUBSTRATE	LITERATURE (Substrate)	COMMENTARY PRODUCT	LITERATURE (Product)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578, 659145	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	-	659145	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Actinopolyspora halophila	-	-	659145	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine		Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	-	659286	i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine		Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine	677087	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine	677087	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578, 659145	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	-	659145	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Actinopolyspora halophila	-	-	659145	-	-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine		Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	-	659286	-	-
additional information	?	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process	659145	-	-
additional information	?	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process	659145	-	-
additional information	?	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions	657578	-	-
additional information	?	-	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	the enzyme is involved in the alternate biosynthesis of betaine, which is an important osmoprotectant and is synthesized in response to abiotic stress	659286	-	-

COFACTOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

METALS and IONS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
K+	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	highest activity at 0.8 M K+	677087
additional information	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	no requirement for Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, Mn2+, Co2+, or Zn2+	657578

INHIBITORS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
4-chloromercuribenzoate	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme: 23% inhibition at 1.33 mM, completely reversible by 5.3 mM DTT	657578	2D-image
betaine	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme: poor inhibition, 71% inhibition at 2 M with sarcosine, and 69% inhibition at 2 M with dimethylglycine, partially reversible by salts KCl and NaCl, overview	657578	2D-image
betaine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	above 1.0 M, no effect on sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity, 35% inhibition of N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity	695924	2D-image
Dimethylglycine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	competitive inhibition, versus sarcosine, 40% inhibition at 250 mM	659286	2D-image
isovaleric acid	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
KCl/NaCl	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme: 32% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with sarcosine, and 25% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with dimethylglycine, decrease inhibition by betaine, overview	657578	2D-image
L-alanine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
L-cysteine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
L-methionine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
n-butyric acid	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	50% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
Propionic acid	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme: competitive product inhibition, 50% inhibition at 0.5 mM with glycine, and at 2.3 mM with sarcosine	657578	2D-image
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	product inhibition	659286	2D-image
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	0.2 mM, 63% loss of sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity, 81% loss of dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity. At 1 mM, complete loss of sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity, 88% loss of dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity	695924	2D-image
Sarcosine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	slight competitive inhibition, versus dimethylglycine, 20% inhibition at 250 mM	659286	2D-image
tert-butylacetic acid	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	30% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
L-phenylalanine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	10% inhibition at 250 mM	659286	2D-image
additional information	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	no inhibition by N,N-dimethylglycine	657578	-
additional information	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	inhibition rates with sarcosine, overview, no inhibition with dimethylglycine by glycine, acetate, ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, serine, asparagine, glutamate, and proline	659286	-
additional information	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	potassium or sodium ions at 200-1000 mM affect neither sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity nor dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity	695924	-

ACTIVATING COMPOUND	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
additional information	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	abiotic stess-inducible enzyme, e.g. high salt content	659286	-

KM VALUE [mM]	KM VALUE [mM] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
0.5	-	Dimethylglycine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	pH 8.8, 37�C, recombinant wild-type enzyme	659286	2D-image
4.9	-	Dimethylglycine	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37�C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine	657578	2D-image
7.5	-	Dimethylglycine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	pH 8.8, 37�C, recombinant mutant P171Q	659286	2D-image
2.8	-	N,N-Dimethylglycine	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964	2D-image
3.76	-	N,N-Dimethylglycine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	pH 7.2, 37�C	695924	2D-image
0.144	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	cosubstrate: sarcosine	689964	2D-image
0.15	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	cosubstrate: N,N-dimethylglycine	689964	2D-image
0.16	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37�C, with glycine	657578	2D-image
0.18	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	pH 8.8, 37�C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
0.21	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37�C, with sarcosine	657578	2D-image
0.21	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	cosubstrate sarcosine, pH 7.2, 37�C	695924	2D-image
0.25	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	pH 8.8, 37�C, recombinant mutant P171Q, with dimethylglycine	659286	2D-image
0.59	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	cosubstrate N,N-dimethylglycine, pH 7.2, 37�C	695924	2D-image
0.6	-	S-adenosyl-L-methionine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	pH 8.8, 37�C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, with sarcosine	659286	2D-image
0.8	-	Sarcosine	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	pH 8.8, 37�C, recombinant wild-type enzyme	659286	2D-image
2	-	Sarcosine	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964	2D-image
2.29	-	Sarcosine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	pH 7.2, 37�C	695924	2D-image
6.1	-	Sarcosine	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37�C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine	657578	2D-image

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]	TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s]	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
1.4	-	N,N-Dimethylglycine	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964	2D-image
2.68	-	N,N-Dimethylglycine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	pH 7.2, 37�C	695924	2D-image
0.44	-	Sarcosine	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	pH 7.2, 37�C	695924	2D-image
1.07	-	Sarcosine	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	-	689964	2D-image

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]	Ki VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

IC50 VALUE [mM]	IC50 VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]	SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
0.23	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	activity with sarcosine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in crude cell extracts	659145
0.34	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	activity with sarcosine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in crude cell extracts	659145
0.36	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	activity with sarcosine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine, purified enzyme	659145
0.68	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate sarcosine	657578
0.71	-	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	pH 7.2, 37�C, sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity	695924
0.93	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	activity with N,N-dimethylglycine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in crude cell extracts	659145
1	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	activity with N,N-dimethylglycine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine, purified enzyme	659145
2.6	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	activity with N,N-dimethylglycine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine in crude cell extracts	659145
3	-	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	pH 7.2, 37�C, N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity	695924
3.4	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate dimethylglycine	657578
additional information	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	-	657578

pH OPTIMUM	pH MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
7.5	-	Actinopolyspora halophila, Halorhodospira halochloris	-	assay at	659145
7.5	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	assay at	659145
7.5	-	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	methylation of dimethylglycine	689964
7.6	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme, with substrate dimethylglycine, triethanolamine buffer	657578
8	9	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	recombinant enzyme, with substrate sarcosine, pH-optimum depends on the buffer system	657578
8	-	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	methylation of sarcosine	689964
8.8	-	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	assay at	659286
additional information	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	pH-optimum depends on the buffer system	657578

pH RANGE	pH RANGE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM	TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
37	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	assay at	657578
37	-	Actinopolyspora halophila, Halorhodospira halochloris	-	assay at	659145
37	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	assay at	659145
37	-	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	assay at	659286

TEMPERATURE RANGE	TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pI VALUE	pI VALUE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5	-	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	isoelectric focusing	695924

SOURCE TISSUE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SOURCE
No entries in this field

LOCALIZATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	GeneOntology No.	LITERATURE	SOURCE
No entries in this field

PDB	SCOP	CATH	ORGANISM
No entries in this field

MOLECULAR WEIGHT	MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
25000	-	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	gel filtration	657578
29000	-	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	recombinant enzyme, gel filtration	659286
32000	-	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	gel filtration	659145
33000	-	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	gel fitlration	695924
67700	-	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	gel filtration	689964

SUBUNITS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
dimer	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	2 * 34000, denaturing PAGE	689964
monomer	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	1 * 36000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 32000, about, amino acid sequence calculation	657578
monomer	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	1 * 32000, SDS-PAGE	659145
monomer	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	1 * 31000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE	659286
monomer	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	1 * 33000, SDS-PAGE	695924

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
hanging drop vapor-diffusion method, crystal structure of the enzyme, solved to a resolution of 1.95 A	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	689964
formation of monoclinic crystals, diffracting to 2.15 A resolution, and orthorhombic crystals, diffracting to 1.8 A resolution	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	695387

pH STABILITY	pH STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE STABILITY	TEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
61	-	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	melting temperature	689964

GENERAL STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ORGANIC SOLVENT	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-85�C, 5 months, no significant loss of both activities	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	695924

Purification/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
by AMP affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	659145
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange chromatography to homogeneity	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	659286
-	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	689964
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic and anion exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration to homogeneity	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	657578
-	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	-	695924

Cloned/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination, the single gene encodes the sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase as well as the glycine sarcosine methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.156, the first being probably a proteolytic processing product of the latter, functional expression of a truncated soluble enzyme form in Escherichia coli	Actinopolyspora halophila	-	659145
orf2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, overexpression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli, functional coexpression of the soluble enzyme with the glycine sarcosine methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.156, increases the intracellular betaine level and the growth rate of Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	659286
expression in Escherichia coli	Galdieria sulphuraria	-	689964
expression in Escherichia coli	Halorhodospira halochloris	Q9KJ21	695387
functional overexpression in Escherichia coli strain XL-1 Blue conferring betaine accumulation and increased salt tolerance when coexpressed with the glycine sarcosine methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.156	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	657578

EXPRESSION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERING	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
M172R	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	site-directed mutagenesis, reduced activity with sarcosine, but highly reduced activity with dimethylglycine compared to the wild-type enzyme	659286
P171Q	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	site-directed mutagenesis, reduced activity with sarcosine and dimethylglycine compared to the wild-type enzyme	659286
P171Q/M172R	Aphanothece halophytica	Q83WC3	site-directed mutagenesis, reduced activity with glycine and sarcosine, but highly reduced activity with dimethylglycine compared to the wild-type enzyme	659286

Renatured/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
agriculture	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally	657578
biotechnology	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally	657578
nutrition	Halorhodospira halochloris	-	enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally	657578

REF.	AUTHORS	TITLE	JOURNAL	VOL.	PAGES	YEAR	ORGANISM	LINK TO PUBMED	SOURCE
657578	Nyyssola, A.; Reinikainen, T.; Leisola, M.	Characterization of glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase and sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase	Appl. Environ. Microbiol.	67	2044-2050	2001	Halorhodospira halochloris	PubMed
659145	Nyyssola, A.; Kerovuo, J.; Kaukinen, P.; von Weymarn, N.; Reinikainen, T.	Extreme halophiles synthesize betaine from glycine by methylation	J. Biol. Chem.	275	22196-22201	2000	Actinopolyspora halophila, Halorhodospira halochloris	PubMed
659286	Waditee, R.; Tanaka, Y.; Aoki, K.; Hibino, T.; Jikuya, H.; Takano, J.; Takabe, T.	Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica	J. Biol. Chem.	278	4932-4942	2003	Aphanothece halophytica	PubMed
677087	Lai, M.C.; Wang, C.C.; Chuang, M.J.; Wu, Y.C.; Lee, Y.C.	Effects of substrate and potassium on the betaine-synthesizing enzyme glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from a halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis	Res. Microbiol.	157	948-955	2006	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	PubMed
689964	McCoy, J.G.; Bailey, L.J.; Ng, Y.H.; Bingman, C.A.; Wrobel, R.; Weber, A.P.; Fox, B.G.; Phillips, G.N.	Discovery of sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase from Galdieria sulphuraria	Proteins	74	368-367	2008	Galdieria sulphuraria	PubMed
695387	Kallio, J.P.; Jaenis, J.; Nyyssoelae, A.; Hakulinen, N.; Rouvinen, J.	Preliminary X-ray analysis of twinned crystals of sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase from Halorhodospira halochoris	Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F	65	805-808	2009	Halorhodospira halochloris	PubMed
695924	Chen, S.; Lai, M.; Lai, S.; Lee, Y.	Characterization of osmolyte betaine synthesizing sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from Methanohalophilus portucalensis	Arch. Microbiol.	191	735-743	2009	Methanohalophilus portucalensis	PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.1.1.157)

NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature

PROSITE Database of protein families and domains

SYSTERS

Protein Mutant Database

InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)

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