Information on EC 1.5.1.12 - 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase

Information on EC 1.5.1.12 - 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase:

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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota

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EC NUMBER	COMMENTARY
1.5.1.12	-

RECOMMENDED NAME	GeneOntology No.
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	GO:0003842

REACTION	REACTION DIAGRAM	COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		ordered reaction mechanism	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	392044
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		induction by proline	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	392051
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		enzyme is a gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde dehydrogenase; no induction by ammonia	Agaricus bisporus 306, Agaricus bisporus 307, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus D649, Agaricus bisporus Horst, Agaricus bisporus U3	-	392058
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		induction by proline, activation on gene transcription level	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	392059
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		induction by proline	Solanum tuberosum	-	392061
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		-	Rattus norvegicus	-	654887
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H + H+		-	-	-	-

REACTION TYPE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
oxidation	-	-	-	-
oxidation	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	;	698095
redox reaction	-	-	-	-
reduction	-	-	-	-

PATHWAY	KEGG Link	MetaCyc Link
4-hydroxyproline degradation I	-	HYDROXYPRODEG-PWY
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	00250	-
Arginine and proline metabolism	00330	-
Metabolic pathways	01100	-

SYSTEMATIC NAME

IUBMB Comments

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate:NAD+ oxidoreductase

This enzyme can oxidize a number of 1-pyrrolines, e.g. 3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted into 4-hydroxyglutamate and (R)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted into D-glutamate. While NAD+ appears to be the better electron acceptor, NADP+ can also act, but more slowly [1,3]. In many organisms, ranging from bacteria to mammals, proline is oxidized to glutamate in a two-step process involving this enzyme and EC 1.5.99.8, proline dehydrogenase [3]. In many bacterial species, both activities are carried out by a single bifunctional enzyme [3,4].

SYNONYMS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
1-pyrroline dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-
dehydrogenase, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	-	-	-	-
DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-
DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	654887
DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	698095
delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	698095
L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-NAD+ oxidoreductase	-	-	-	-
LRRP Ba1-651	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	675774
OsALDH12	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	698095
OsALDH18-2	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	698095
P5C dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039, 392042
P5C dehydrogenase	Agaricus bisporus	-	-	392058
P5C dehydrogenase	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059
P5C dehydrogenase	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	-	392060, 392061
P5C dehydrogenase	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061, 392062
P5C synthase	Mammalia	-	-	701646
P5C-DH	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
P5CD	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065
P5CDH	Homo sapiens	P30038	-	392064
P5CDH	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392054, 654887
P5CS	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	former name	698095
PDH	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392043
pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-
pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase	Mammalia	-	two isoforms: short form and long form	701646
pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER	COMMENTARY
9054-82-4	-

ORGANISM	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SEQUENCE CODE	SEQUENCE DB	SOURCE
Agaricus bisporus	-	392058	-	-
Arabidopsis thaliana	-	698936	Q8VZC3	UniProt
Arthrospira platensis	-	392061	-	-
Bacillus caldotenax	strain DSM 406	392041	-	-
Bos taurus	-	392052, 392053, 392055, 392056	-	-
Cucurbita maxima	-	392049	-	-
Daucus carota	-	392061	-	-
Emericella nidulans	-	392040	-	-
Geobacillus stearothermophilus	strains IFO 12983, ATCC 8005 and ATCC 21365	392041	-	-
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans	strains ATCC 39492 and DSM 465	392041	-	-
Homo sapiens	-	392039, 392066	-	-
Homo sapiens	-	392064	P30038	SwissProt
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	392048	-	-
Hyalomma dromedarii	camel tick; two isoforms A and B	392065	-	-
Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	392041	-	-
Mammalia	-	701646	-	-
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	392061	-	-
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	two isoforms I and II with different expression pattern during growth cycle	392060	-	-
Oryza sativa	-	698095	-	-
Oryza sativa	-	698095	Q0DHN6	UniProt
Pisum sativum	-	392049	-	-
Rattus norvegicus	-	392039, 392042, 392043, 392047, 392054	-	-
Rattus norvegicus	liver regeneration protein induced during partial heparectomy. Insulin plays a key role in activation of enzyme. Activation occurs by conformational change in protein structure in the 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate docking site due to sugars binding in the atrial natriuretic factor receptor region of the enzyme	675774	-	-
Rattus norvegicus	male sprague-dawley rats	654887	-	-
Ricinus communis	-	392049	-	-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	392057	-	-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	wild-type strain MB281-8B and MB1000 and mutant strain MB281-10C	392046	-	-
Saccharomyces sp.	glutamate auxotroph	392050	-	-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	392051	-	-
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	putA gene product: enzyme with 2 activities: proline oxidase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, which require different reaction conditions	392044, 392045	-	-
Solanum glaucophyllum	-	392061	-	-
Solanum lycopersicum	-	392061	-	-
Solanum melongena	-	392061	-	-
Solanum tuberosum	-	392061, 392062	-	-
Streptomyces coelicolor	strain A3(2)	392059	-	-
Thermus thermophilus	-	675402	-	-
Zea mays	-	392049	-	-

GENERAL INFORMATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
physiological function	Mammalia	-	one of three key regulatory enzyme of intestinal citrulline synthesis	701646

SUBSTRATE	PRODUCT	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY/ Substrate	LITERATURE/ Substrate	COMMENTARY/ Product	LITERATURE/ Product	Reversibility r=reversible ir=irreversible ?=not specified
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NAD(P)H		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	654887	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392044, 392045, 392051	-	-	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Homo sapiens	-	-	392039	-	-	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Homo sapiens	P30038	-	392064	-	392064	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	654887	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039, 392042, 392047	-	-	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Bos taurus	-	-	392055	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Bos taurus	-	-	392053	-	392053	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Bos taurus	-	-	392056	-	392056	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Geobacillus stearothermophilus	-	-	392041	-	-	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Pisum sativum	-	-	392049	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Zea mays	-	-	392049	-	392049	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061, 392062	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Ricinus communis	-	-	392049	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Agaricus bisporus	-	-	392058	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Bacillus caldotenax	-	-	392041	-	-	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Cucurbita maxima	-	-	392049	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	-	392048	-	392048	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Geobacillus thermodenitrificans	-	-	392041	-	-	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	-	392060, 392061	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	-	-	?
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	highly specific	392041	-	392041	ir
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH + H+		Thermus thermophilus	-	-	675402	-	-	i
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADP+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADPH + H+		Thermus thermophilus	-	NAD+ is preferred over NADP+	675402	-	-	i
3-methoxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	3-methoxybenzoate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	as active as 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, no activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
4-methoxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	4-methoxybenzoate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	as active as 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, no activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
4-nitrobenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	4-nitrobenzoate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	as active as 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, only slight activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	acetate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	41% activity compared to 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, only slight activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	benzoate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	2fold higher activity than with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, isoform A, only slight activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
D-glucose + NAD+ + H2O	D-gluconate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	80% of the activity with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, no activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
DELTA1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	4-hydroxyglutamate + NADH		Bos taurus	-	-	392055	-	392055	?
DELTA1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	4-hydroxyglutamate + NADH		Bos taurus	-	-	392056	-	-	?
formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	formate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	50% of activity with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, isoform A, only slight activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O	glycerate-3-phosphate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	slight activity with isoforms A and B	392065	-	-	?
glyoxylic acid + NAD+ + H2O	oxalic acid + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	41% activity of that with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, no activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
indole-3-acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	indole-3-acetate + NADH		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	66% activity of that with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate with isoform A, only slight activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	?
indole-3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O	?		Hyalomma dromedarii	-	slight activity with isoforms A and B	392065	-	-	?
additional information	?	-	Solanum tuberosum	-	catalyzes last step in both arginine and proline catabolism	392061	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	additional esterase activity with p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate, 50% of activity with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, isoform A, only slight activity with isoform B	392065	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	not: glyceraldehyde, valeraldehyde	392047	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	enzyme with 2 activities: proline oxidase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, which require different reaction conditions	392044, 392045	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus	-	slight activity with glutaric semialdehyde and adipic semialdehyde	392039	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Pisum sativum, Zea mays, Ricinus communis, Cucurbita maxima	-	not: pyrroline-2-carboxylate	392049	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Homo sapiens	P30038	enzyme involved in L-proline catabolism	392064	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	enzyme involved in L-proline catabolism	392046	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Emericella nidulans	-	enzyme involved in L-proline catabolism	392040	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Agaricus bisporus	-	enzyme involved in L-proline catabolism	392058	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Thermus thermophilus	-	no reverse reaction using L-glutamate as substrate within pH 5.5 to pH 10.0	675402	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	ALDH superfamily represents a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids	698095	-	-	-

NATURAL SUBSTRATES	NATURAL PRODUCTS	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY SUBSTRATE	LITERATURE (Substrate)	COMMENTARY PRODUCT	LITERATURE (Product)
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Homo sapiens	P30038	-	392064	-	392064
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	654887	-	-
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061, 392062	-	-
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Agaricus bisporus	-	-	392058	-	-
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059	-	-
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O	L-glutamate + NADH		Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	-	392060, 392061	-	-
additional information	?	-	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	ALDH superfamily represents a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids	698095	-	-

COFACTOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
NAD+	Homo sapiens	-	-	392039	2D-image
NAD+	Bacillus caldotenax, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	-	392041	2D-image
NAD+	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039, 392042, 392043	2D-image
NAD+	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392044	2D-image
NAD+	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	-	392046	2D-image
NAD+	Rattus norvegicus	-	preferentially	392047	2D-image
NAD+	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	preferentially	392049	2D-image
NAD+	Bos taurus	-	preferentially	392053, 392056	2D-image
NAD+	Agaricus bisporus	-	-	392058	2D-image
NAD+	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059	2D-image
NAD+	Solanum tuberosum	-	preferentially	392062	2D-image
NAD+	Homo sapiens	P30038	dependent on	392064	2D-image
NAD+	Rattus norvegicus	-	preferred cofactor	654887	2D-image
NAD+	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	;	698095	2D-image
NADP+	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	8.1times higher activity compared to NAD+	392041	2D-image
NADP+	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	-	392049	2D-image
NADP+	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056	2D-image
NADP+	Solanum tuberosum	-	60% of the activity with NAD+	392062	2D-image
NADP+	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	654887	2D-image
NADP+	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	;	698095	2D-image

METALS and IONS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

INHIBITORS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
2-aminopentanoate	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039	2D-image
4,5-Dehydro-L-pipecolic acid	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	baikiain, competitive	392051	2D-image
4-aminobutyrate	Bos taurus	-	-	392053	2D-image
4-aminobutyrate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
5-Aminopentanoate	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056	2D-image
6-Aminohexanoate	Bos taurus	-	-	392053	2D-image
ADP	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056	2D-image
ADP	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	3 mM, 14% inhibition of isoform A and 16% inhibition of isoform B	392065	2D-image
AMP	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039	2D-image
AMP	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056	2D-image
AMP	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	3 mM, 33% inhibition of isoform A and 11% inhibition of isoform B	392065	2D-image
arsenate	Bos taurus	-	-	392055	2D-image
arsenite	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392055	2D-image
arsenite	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
ATP	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056	2D-image
ATP	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	inhibits isoform B by 33%, but not isoform A	392065	2D-image
Borate	Bos taurus	-	-	392055	2D-image
Chloride	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	-	392048	2D-image
Chloride	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	both isoforms	392060	2D-image
Chloride	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062	2D-image
CN-	Bos taurus	-	-	392056	2D-image
Co2+	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms, concentration above 3 mM	392065	2D-image
Cu2+	Bos taurus	-	-	392056	2D-image
D-Ala	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate	Bos taurus	-	-	392055	2D-image
EDTA	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	slight inhibition	392044	2D-image
EDTA	Bos taurus	-	-	392055	2D-image
ethylene glycol	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392044	2D-image
fluoride	Bos taurus	-	-	392055	2D-image
Gly	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
Gly	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
Gly	Bos taurus	-	-	392052	2D-image
Gly	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	2D-image
Hg2+	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
imidazole	Bos taurus	-	-	392055	2D-image
iodoacetamide	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
L-5-oxoproline	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392047	2D-image
L-Ala	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Ala	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Ala	Bos taurus	-	-	392052	2D-image
L-Ala	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	2D-image
L-Asp	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Asp	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Glu	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Glu	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Glu	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	very weak inhibitor	392059	2D-image
L-Glu	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	2D-image
L-His	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-His	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-hydroxyproline	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039, 392047	2D-image
L-hydroxyproline	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392055	2D-image
L-hydroxyproline	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms, potent inhibition	392065	2D-image
L-Ile	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Ile	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Leu	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Leu	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Leu	Bos taurus	-	-	392052	2D-image
L-Leu	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	2D-image
L-Ser	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Ser	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Ser	Bos taurus	-	-	392052	2D-image
L-Ser	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	2D-image
L-Trp	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Trp	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Val	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition	392049	2D-image
L-Val	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
L-Val	Bos taurus	-	-	392052	2D-image
N-ethylmaleimide	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392047	2D-image
N-ethylmaleimide	Bos taurus	-	no inhibition	392056	2D-image
NADH	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	product inhibition	392059	2D-image
NH2OH	Bos taurus	-	-	392056	2D-image
Ni2+	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
ornithine	Mammalia	-	inhibits only the short enzyme form	701646	2D-image
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039, 392047	2D-image
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056	2D-image
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms, potent inhibition	392065	2D-image
piperidin-2-one	Bos taurus	-	-	392053	2D-image
proline	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
sulfate	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	-	392048	2D-image
sulfate	Solanum tuberosum	-	no inhibition	392062	2D-image
Tween 20	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392044	2D-image
Zn2+	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065	2D-image
L-Val	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065	2D-image
additional information	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	no inhibition: amino acids	392049	-
additional information	Bos taurus	-	no inhibition: Ca2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, N-ethylmaleimide, o-phenanthroline	392056	-
additional information	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	no effect of proline on activity	392059	-

ACTIVATING COMPOUND	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
N-acetylglutamate	Mammalia	-	-	701646	2D-image
additional information	Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces coelicolor A3, Streptomyces coelicolor A(3)2, Streptomyces coelicolor CH999, Streptomyces coelicolor J1501, Streptomyces coelicolor M130, Streptomyces coelicolor M145, Streptomyces coelicolor UC 5240, Streptomyces coelicolor WH101.10	-	no effect of proline on activity	392059	-

KM VALUE [mM]	KM VALUE [mM] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
0.037	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Thermus thermophilus	-	pH 7.4, 50�C	675402	2D-image
0.062	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Bos taurus	-	with NADP+	392053	2D-image
0.09	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039	2D-image
0.109	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059	2D-image
0.17	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Homo sapiens	-	-	392039	2D-image
0.2	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform B, with NADP+	392065	2D-image
0.29	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Bos taurus	-	with NAD+	392053	2D-image
0.3	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A, with NADP+; isoform B, with NAD+	392065	2D-image
0.33	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A, with NAD+	392065	2D-image
0.46	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062	2D-image
1.22	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	isoform II	392060	2D-image
0.5	-	3-Methoxybenzaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.25	-	4-Methoxybenzaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
1	-	acetaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.5	-	benzaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.133	-	D-glucose	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.76	-	formaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
1	-	glyoxylic acid	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.2	-	indol-3-acetaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.18	-	L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392047	2D-image
0.42	-	L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	with NADP+	392041	2D-image
0.42	-	L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	isoform I	392060	2D-image
0.02	-	NAD+	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	isoform I	392060	2D-image
0.043	-	NAD+	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059	2D-image
0.053	-	NAD+	Bos taurus	-	-	392053	2D-image
0.071	-	NAD+	Thermus thermophilus	-	pH 7.4, 50�C	675402	2D-image
0.11	-	NAD+	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062	2D-image
0.62	-	NAD+	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	isoform II	392060	2D-image
0.62	-	NAD+	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
2.3	-	NAD+	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	-	392041	2D-image
0.0095	-	NADP+	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	-	392041	2D-image
0.12	-	NADP+	Bos taurus	-	-	392053	2D-image
0.12	-	NADP+	Thermus thermophilus	-	pH 7.4, 50�C	675402	2D-image
0.662	-	NADP+	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062	2D-image
1	-	NADP+	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.27	-	p-nitrobenzaldehyde	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.35	-	pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Saccharomyces sp.	-	-	392050	2D-image
0.75	-	L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	with NAD+	392041	2D-image
additional information	-	additional information	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039	-
additional information	-	additional information	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392044, 392045	-
additional information	-	additional information	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	-	392048	-
additional information	-	additional information	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392051	-

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]	TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s]	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
1.6	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Thermus thermophilus	-	pH 7.4, 50�C	675402	2D-image
25	-	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059	2D-image
1.6	-	NAD+	Thermus thermophilus	-	pH 7.4, 50�C	675402	2D-image
0.42	-	NADP+	Thermus thermophilus	-	pH 7.4, 50�C	675402	2D-image

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]	Ki VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
3	-	gamma-aminobutyrate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform B	392065	2D-image
3.75	-	gamma-aminobutyrate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
3.4	-	glutamate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform B	392065	2D-image
7	-	glutamate	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
3.75	-	hydroxyproline	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform B	392065	2D-image
4.75	-	hydroxyproline	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image
0.6	-	NADH	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	product inhibition, with NAD+	392059	2D-image
0.77	-	NADH	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	product inhibition, with 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	392059	2D-image
2.5	-	proline	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform B	392065	2D-image
3	-	proline	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A	392065	2D-image

IC50 VALUE [mM]	IC50 VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]	SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
0.006	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	enzyme from cerebellum	392043
0.0125	-	Agaricus bisporus	-	-	392058
0.07	-	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	isoform II	392060
0.074	-	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	isoform I	392060
0.124	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	wild-type	392046
0.151	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	embryo, 24 days after oviposition	392065
0.19	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	mitochondrial fraction, with cofactor NADP+	654887
0.223	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	larvae	392065
0.3	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	mitochondrial fraction, with cofactor NAD+	654887
0.55	-	Bos taurus	-	-	392053
2.6	-	Geobacillus stearothermophilus	-	strain ATCC 21365	392041
2.6	-	Geobacillus thermodenitrificans	-	strain ATCC 39492	392041
2.7	-	Bacillus caldotenax	-	-	392041
3.3	-	Geobacillus thermodenitrificans	-	strain DSM 465	392041
7.1	-	Geobacillus stearothermophilus	-	strain ATCC 8005	392041
8	-	Geobacillus stearothermophilus	-	strain IFO 12983	392041
9.75	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	purified enzyme	392065
22	-	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	-	392059
27.1	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039
34.1	-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	-	392041
44.15	-	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062
104	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392045
additional information	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	assay method development	392042
additional information	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	392045
additional information	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	activity depends on the nitrogen source for cell growth	392046
additional information	-	Bos taurus	-	-	392055, 392056

pH OPTIMUM	pH MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
6.5	7	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	-	392041
6.7	7.7	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392047
7	10	Thermus thermophilus	-	broad	675402
7.3	8.3	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062
7.4	-	Bos taurus	-	1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate	392055
7.4	-	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	both isoforms	392060
7.5	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	both isoforms	392065
7.6	-	Zea mays	-	-	392049
7.8	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	assay at	654887
8	8.5	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039
8	-	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	independent of buffer	392048
8.5	8.6	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392056

pH RANGE	pH RANGE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5.5	7.5	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	cofactor NAD+	392041
5.5	8	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	cofactor NADP+	392041
6	9.5	Zea mays	-	-	392049
6.5	7.7	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	both isoforms	392060
7.4	9.4	Bos taurus	-	-	392056

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM	TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
35	-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	cofactor NAD+	392041
37	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	assay at	654887
38	-	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392062
45	-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	cofactor NADP+	392041

TEMPERATURE RANGE	TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
15	37.5	Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum Bintje, Solanum tuberosum cultivar Desiree	-	-	392062

pI VALUE	pI VALUE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SOURCE
brain	Rattus norvegicus	-	highest activity in cerebellum, distribution in various brain regions	392043
brain	Homo sapiens	P30038	northern blot analysis	392064
bud	Solanum tuberosum	-	highest activity	392061
cell culture	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	-	392060, 392061
cell culture	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061, 392062
cotyledon	Ricinus communis	-	-	392049
embryo	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065
endosperm	Cucurbita maxima	-	-	392049
fruitbody	Agaricus bisporus	-	not in mycelium or gill	392058
heart	Homo sapiens	P30038	northern blot analysis	392064
kidney	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392047
kidney	Bos taurus	-	-	392052
kidney	Homo sapiens	P30038	northern blot analysis	392064
larva	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	-	392065
leaf	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
leaf	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	;	698095
liver	Bos taurus	-	-	392053, 392055, 392056
liver	Homo sapiens	-	-	392039, 392064
placenta	Homo sapiens	P30038	northern blot analysis	392064
root	Pisum sativum, Zea mays	-	-	392049
root	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
seedling	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	-	392049
shoot	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	etiolated	392048
shoot	Pisum sativum, Zea mays	-	etiolated	392049
shoot	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
shoot apex	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	P30038	northern blot analysis	392064
small intestine	Mammalia	-	short isoform	701646
stem	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
tuber	Solanum tuberosum	-	-	392061
liver	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	392039, 392042, 392047, 392054, 654887
additional information	Rattus norvegicus	-	distribution in rat tissues	392047
additional information	Mammalia	-	other cell types express long-form	701646

LOCALIZATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	GeneOntology No.	LITERATURE	SOURCE
cytosol	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	5829	392054
cytosol	Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus 306, Agaricus bisporus 307, Agaricus bisporus D649, Agaricus bisporus Horst, Agaricus bisporus U3	-	-	5829	392058
membrane	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	-	16020	392044
mitochondrion	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	5739	392042
mitochondrion	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	-	matrix	5739	392048
mitochondrion	Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-	matrix	5739	392049
mitochondrion	Bos taurus	-	matrix	5739	392052
mitochondrion	Rattus norvegicus	-	matrix	5739	392039, 392054
mitochondrion	Homo sapiens	-	matrix	5739	392039, 392064
mitochondrion	Rattus norvegicus	-	exclusively	5739	654887
mitochondrion	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	5739	698095
mitochondrion	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q8VZC3	-	5739	698936

PDB	SCOP	CATH	ORGANISM
3qan, download	SCOP (3qan)	CATH (3qan)	Bacillus halodurans (strain ATCC BAA-125 / DSM 18197 / FERM 7344 / JCM 9153 / C-125)
3rjl, download	SCOP (3rjl)	CATH (3rjl)	Bacillus licheniformis (strain DSM 13 / ATCC 14580)
3haz, download	SCOP (3haz)	CATH (3haz)	Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain USDA 110)
3itg, download	SCOP (3itg)	CATH (3itg)	Escherichia coli (strain K12)
4f9i, download	SCOP (4f9i)	CATH (4f9i)	Geobacter sulfurreducens (strain ATCC 51573 / DSM 12127 / PCA)
3v9g, download	SCOP (3v9g)	CATH (3v9g)	Homo sapiens
3v9h, download	SCOP (3v9h)	CATH (3v9h)	Homo sapiens
3v9i, download	SCOP (3v9i)	CATH (3v9i)	Homo sapiens
3v9j, download	SCOP (3v9j)	CATH (3v9j)	Mus musculus
3v9k, download	SCOP (3v9k)	CATH (3v9k)	Mus musculus
3v9l, download	SCOP (3v9l)	CATH (3v9l)	Mus musculus
4e3x, download	SCOP (4e3x)	CATH (4e3x)	Mus musculus
2eiw, download	SCOP (2eiw)	CATH (2eiw)	Thermus thermophilus
2bhp, download	SCOP (2bhp)	CATH (2bhp)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2bhq, download	SCOP (2bhq)	CATH (2bhq)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2bja, download	SCOP (2bja)	CATH (2bja)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2bjk, download	SCOP (2bjk)	CATH (2bjk)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2ehq, download	SCOP (2ehq)	CATH (2ehq)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2ehu, download	SCOP (2ehu)	CATH (2ehu)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2eii, download	SCOP (2eii)	CATH (2eii)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2eit, download	SCOP (2eit)	CATH (2eit)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2ej6, download	SCOP (2ej6)	CATH (2ej6)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2ejd, download	SCOP (2ejd)	CATH (2ejd)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2ejl, download	SCOP (2ejl)	CATH (2ejl)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2iy6, download	SCOP (2iy6)	CATH (2iy6)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2j40, download	SCOP (2j40)	CATH (2j40)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)
2j5n, download	SCOP (2j5n)	CATH (2j5n)	Thermus thermophilus (strain HB8 / ATCC 27634 / DSM 579)

MOLECULAR WEIGHT	MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
50000	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform B, gel filtration	392065
60000	-	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	isoform A, gel filtration	392065
60500	-	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	698095
77700	-	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	-	698095
100000	-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	gel filtration	392041
115000	-	Rattus norvegicus	-	sucrose-glycerol density gradient sedimentation	392039
142000	-	Homo sapiens	-	gel filtration	392039
240000	-	Solanum tuberosum	-	gel filtration	392062
265000	305000	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	native PAGE and gel filtration	392059
additional information	-	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	putA gene product, different forms by native PAGE with 2 activities: proline oxidase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activity	392045

SUBUNITS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
?	Homo sapiens	P30038	? * 62000, DNA sequence determination	392064
dimer	Homo sapiens	-	66000, SDS-PAGE	392039
dimer	Rattus norvegicus	-	2 * 59000, SDS-PAGE	392039
dimer	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	2 * 50000, SDS-PAGE	392041
dimer	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	2 * 132000, detergent solubilized, disc gel electrophoresis	392045
hexamer	Thermus thermophilus	-	consisting of three dimers, crystallization data	675402
monomer	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	1 * 132000, membrane bound in vivo, disc gel electrophoresis	392045
monomer	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	1 * 52000, isoform B, SDS-PAGE; 1 * 59000, isoform A, SDS-PAGE	392065
tetramer	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	4 * 68000, SDS-PAGE	392059
tetramer	Solanum tuberosum	-	4 * 60000, SDS-PAGE	392062

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	392041
unligandend form and in complex with NAD+, NADPH, and with product glutamate	Thermus thermophilus	-	675402

pH STABILITY	pH STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE STABILITY	TEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
35	-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	15 min, 40% loss of activity in presence of NAD+, 2% loss of activity in presence of NADP+	392041
40	-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	15 min, 75% loss of activity in presence of NAD+, 10% loss of activity in presence of NADP+	392041
45	-	Solanum tuberosum	-	half-life 44 min	392062
50	-	Solanum tuberosum	-	half-life 30 min	392062

GENERAL STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
glutathione stabilizes	Bos taurus	-	392055
NADP+ stabilizes	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	392041

ORGANIC SOLVENT	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-15�C, 50% loss of activity, 2 months	Bos taurus	-	392053, 392056
0�C, 70 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.2, 30% v/v glycerol, several weeks	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	392045
0�C, 0.2 M potsassium phosphate or 0.2 M KCl, pH 7.4, 45 days, 70-80% activity remains	Solanum tuberosum	-	392062
0�C, 25 mM Hepes-KOH, pH 7.4, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM MgCl2, 1% polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, loss of 90% activity after 15 days	Solanum tuberosum	-	392062

Purification/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-	Bos taurus	-	392053
partial	Bos taurus	-	392055
amino acid composition determination	Hyalomma dromedarii	-	392065
-	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-	392041
partial, isoforms I and II	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-	392060
partial	Pisum sativum	-	392049
-	Rattus norvegicus	-	392039
partial	Rattus norvegicus	-	392042
subcellular fractionation, isolation of mitochondria	Rattus norvegicus	-	654887
copurification with proline oxidase	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	-	392045
-	Solanum tuberosum	-	392062
-	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	392059

Cloned/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
pruA gene, nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence thereof	Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus 306, Agaricus bisporus 307, Agaricus bisporus D649, Agaricus bisporus Horst, Agaricus bisporus U3	-	392058
prn gene cluster characterization with help of mutations and physical mapping	Emericella nidulans	-	392040
-	Homo sapiens	P30038	392064
into the pGEM-T easy vector for sequencing; into the pGEM-T easy vector for sequencing	Oryza sativa	Q0DHN6	698095

EXPRESSION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERING	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
additional information	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q8VZC3	impairment of pyrroline-5-carboxylate oxidation in the p5cdh mutant does not change the cellular Pro to P5C ratio under ambient and osmotic stress conditions. Lack of P5CDH activity leads to higher ROS production under dark and light conditions in the presence of Pro excess, as well as renders plants hypersensitive to heat stress	698936
additional information	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	mutant strain MB2281-10C with deficiency in enzyme	392046

Renatured/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
agriculture	Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus 306, Agaricus bisporus 307, Agaricus bisporus D649, Agaricus bisporus Horst, Agaricus bisporus U3	-	possible target for upleveled nitrogen usage in commercial mushroom breeding	392058
medicine	Streptomyces coelicolor	-	investigation of regulation of antibiotic production, i.e. undecylprodigiosin and related compounds, in secondary metabolism from proline as amino acid precursor	392059

DISEASE	TITLE OF PUBLICATION	LINK TO PUBMED
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency	-	PubMed
Fascioliasis	-	PubMed
Granuloma	-	PubMed
Hypersensitivity	-	PubMed
Infection	-	PubMed

REF.	AUTHORS	TITLE	JOURNAL	VOL.	PAGES	YEAR	ORGANISM (UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.)	LINK TO PUBMED	SOURCE
392039	Small, W.C.; Jones, M.E.	Pyrroline 5-carboxylate dehydrogenase of the mitochondrial matrix of rat liver. Purification, physical and kinetic characteristics	J. Biol. Chem.	265	18668-18672	1990	Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
392040	Hull, E.P.; Green, P.M.; Arst, H.N.; Scazzocchio, C.	Cloning and physical characterization of the L-proline catabolism gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans	Mol. Microbiol.	3	553-559	1989	Emericella nidulans	PubMed
392041	Isobe, K.; Matsuzawa, T.; Soda, K.	Crystallization and characterization of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus	Agric. Biol. Chem.	51	1947-1953	1987	Bacillus caldotenax, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Lysinibacillus sphaericus	-
392042	Small, C.; Jones, M.E.	A specific radiochemical assay for pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	Anal. Biochem.	161	380-386	1987	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
392043	Thompson, S.G.; Wong, P.T.H.; Leong, S.F.; McGeer, E.G.	Regional distribution in rat brain of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase and its localization to specific glial cells	J. Neurochem.	45	1791-1796	1985	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
392044	Menzel, R.; Roth, J.	Enzymatic properties of the purified putA protein from Salmonella typhimurium	J. Biol. Chem.	256	9762-9766	1981	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	PubMed
392045	Menzel, R.; Roth, J.	Purification of the putA gene product. A bifunctional membrane-bound protein from Salmonella typhimurium responsible for the two-step oxidation of proline to glutamate	J. Biol. Chem.	256	9755-9761	1981	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	PubMed
392046	Brandriss, M.C.; Magasanik, B.	Proline: an essential intermediate in arginine degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	J. Bacteriol.	143	1403-1410	1980	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	PubMed
392047	Herzfeld, A.; Mezl, V.A.; Knox, W.E.	Enzymes metabolizing delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate in rat tissues	Biochem. J.	166	95-103	1977	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
392048	Boggess, S.F.; Paleg, L.G.; Aspinall, D.	DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase in barley, a proline-accumulating species	Plant Physiol.	56	259-262	1975	Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare	PubMed
392049	Stewart, C.R.; Lai, E.Y.	DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase in mitochondrial preparations from plant seedlings	Plant Sci. Lett.	3	173-181	1974	Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis, Zea mays	-
392050	Lundgren, D.W.; Ogur, M.	Inhibition of yeast 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase by common amino acids and the regulation of proline catabolism	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	297	246-257	1973	Saccharomyces sp.	PubMed
392051	Dendinger, S.; Brill, W.J.	Effect of the proline analogue baikiain on proline metabolism in Salmonella typhimurium	J. Bacteriol.	112	1134-1141	1972	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	PubMed
392052	Lundgren, D.; Ogur, M.	Amino acid inhibition of a 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase preparation from beef kidney mitochondria	Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.	49	147-149	1972	Bos taurus	PubMed
392053	Strecker, H.J.	DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ox liver) (oxidation of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to glutamate)	Methods Enzymol.	17B	262-265	1971	Bos taurus	-
392054	Brunner, G.; Neupert, W.	Localisation of proline oxidase and DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase in rat liver	FEBS Lett.	3	283-286	1969	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
392055	Adams, E.; Goldstone, A.	Hydroxyproline metabolism. IV. Enzymatic synthesis of gamma-hydroxyglutamate from DELTA1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate	J. Biol. Chem.	235	3504-3512	1960	Bos taurus	PubMed
392056	Strecker, H.J.	The interconversion of glutamic acid and proline	J. Biol. Chem.	235	3218-3223	1960	Bos taurus	-
392057	Brandriss, M.C.	Proline utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the cloned PUT2 gene	Mol. Cell. Biol.	3	1846-1856	1983	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	PubMed
392058	Schaap, P.J.; Muller, Y.; Sonnenberg, A.S.; van Griensven, L.J.; Visser, J.	The Agaricus bisporus pruA gene encodes a cytosolic delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase which is expressed in fruit bodies but not in gill tissue	Appl. Environ. Microbiol.	63	57-62	1997	Agaricus bisporus	PubMed
392059	Smith, D.D.S.; Wood, N.J.; Hodgson, D.A.	Interaction between primary and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): role of pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	Microbiology	141	1739-1744	1995	Streptomyces coelicolor	-
392060	Forlani, G.; Scainelli, D.; Nielsen, E.	Two DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase isoforms are expressed in cultured Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells and are differentially modulated during the culture growth cycle	Planta	202	242-248	1997	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	-
392061	Forlani, G.; Mangiagalli, A.; Pinter, C.; Nielsen, E.	Expression of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase and proline/arginine homeostasis in Solanum tuberosum	Physiol. Plant.	110	22-27	2000	Arthrospira platensis, Daucus carota, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Solanum glaucophyllum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum	-
392062	Forlani, G.; Scainelli, D.; Nielsen, E.	DELTA1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase from cultured cells of potato. Purification and properties	Plant Physiol.	113	1413-1418	1997	Solanum tuberosum	PubMed
392064	Hu, C.A.; Lin, W.W.; Valle, D.	Cloning characterization, and expression of cDNAs encoding human DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	J. Biol. Chem.	271	9795-9800	1996	Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens (P30038)	PubMed
392065	Fahmy, A.S.; Mohamed, S.A.; Girgis, R.B.; Abdel-Ghaffar, F.A.	Enzymes of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate metabolism in the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii during embryogenesis. Purification and characterization of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenases	Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B	118	229-237	1997	Hyalomma dromedarii	PubMed
392066	Donald, S.P.; Sun, X.Y.; Hu, C.A.A.; Yu, J.; Mei, J.M.; Valle, D.; Phang, J.M.	Proline oxidase, encoded by p53-induced gene-6, catalyzes the generation of proline-dependent reactive oxygen species	Cancer Res.	61	1810-1815	2001	Homo sapiens	PubMed
654887	Haslett, M.R.; Pink, D.; Walters, B.; Brosnan, M.E.	Assay and subcellular localization of pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase in rat liver	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	1675	81-86	2004	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
675402	Inagaki, E.; Ohshima, N.; Takahashi, H.; Kuroishi, C.; Yokoyama, S.; Tahirov, T.H.	Crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase	J. Mol. Biol.	362	490-501	2006	Thermus thermophilus	PubMed
675774	Tizzano, M.; Sbarbati, A.	Is rat LRRP Ba1-651 a Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase activated by changes in the concentration of sweet molecules?	Med. Hypotheses	68	864-867	2007	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
698095	Gao, C.; Han, B.	Evolutionary and expression study of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene superfamily in rice (Oryza sativa)	Gene	431	86-94	2009	Oryza sativa, Oryza sativa (Q0DZ46), Oryza sativa (Q53NG8), Oryza sativa (Q69P84), Oryza sativa (Q6H627), Oryza sativa (Q7XR89), Oryza sativa (Q9FRX7), Oryza sativa (Q9LRE9), Oryza sativa (Q9LRI6), Oryza sativa (O24174), Oryza sativa (Q06DE4), Oryza sativa (Q6Z9G0), Oryza sativa (Q6Z4E4), Oryza sativa (Q941T1), Oryza sativa (Q0DHN6)	PubMed
698936	Miller, G.; Honig, A.; Stein, H.; Suzuki, N.; Mittler, R.; Zilberstein, A.	Unraveling delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-proline cycle in plants by uncoupled expression of proline oxidation enzymes	J. Biol. Chem.	284	26482-26492	2009	Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8VZC3)	PubMed
701646	Wu, G.; Bazer, F.W.; Davis, T.A.; Kim, S.W.; Li, P.; Marc Rhoads, J.; Carey Satterfield, M.; Smith, S.B.; Spencer, T.E.; Yin, Y.	Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease	Amino Acids	37	153-168	2009	Mammalia	PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.5.1.12)

NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature

PROSITE Database of protein families and domains

SYSTERS

Protein Mutant Database

InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)

All organisms
Agaricus bisporus
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arthrospira platensis
Bacillus caldotenax
Bos taurus
Cucurbita maxima
Daucus carota
Emericella nidulans
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Geobacillus thermodenitrificans
Homo sapiens
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
Hyalomma dromedarii
Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Mammalia
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Oryza sativa
Pisum sativum
Rattus norvegicus
Ricinus communis
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces sp.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
Solanum glaucophyllum
Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum melongena
Solanum tuberosum
Streptomyces coelicolor
Thermus thermophilus
Zea mays