Information on EC 1.20.4.2 - methylarsonate reductase:
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The lowest common taxonomy group for this enzyme is: Euarchontoglires

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EC NUMBERCOMMENTARY
1.20.4.2-

RECOMMENDED NAMEGeneOntology No.
methylarsonate reductaseGO:0050610

REACTIONREACTION DIAGRAMCOMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
methylarsonate + 2 glutathione = methylarsonite + glutathione disulfide + H2O
show the reaction diagram		----

REACTION TYPEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
oxidation----
redox reaction----
reduction----

PATHWAYKEGG LinkMetaCyc Link
arsenate detoxification I (glutaredoxin)-PWY-4202

SYSTEMATIC NAMEIUBMB Comments
gluthathione:methylarsonate oxidoreductaseThe product, Me-As(OH)2 (methylarsonous acid), is biologically methylated by EC 2.1.1.137, arsenite methyltransferase, to form cacodylic acid (dimethylarsinic acid).

SYNONYMSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
GSTO1Homo sapiensP78417-670490
GSTO2Homo sapiensP78417-670490
MMA(V) reductase----
reductase, methylarsonate----
monomethylarsonic acid (MMA V) reductase/hGSTO1Homo sapiens--658441
additional informationHomo sapiens-identical to omega class glutathione-S-transferase (hGSTO1-1)658440

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERCOMMENTARY
254889-62-8-

ORGANISMCOMMENTARYLITERATURESEQUENCE CODESEQUENCE DB SOURCE
Homo sapiens-287855--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Homo sapiens-658440, 658441P78417UniProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Homo sapiensisoforms GSTO1, GSTO2 and their natural polymorphisms. Enzyme has additionally thioltransferase, dehydroascorbate reductase and dimethylarsonate reductase activities670490P78417UniProtManually annotated by BRENDA team
Mesocricetus auratus-287856--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Oryctolagus cuniculus-287855--Manually annotated by BRENDA team

GENERAL INFORMATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

SUBSTRATEPRODUCT                      REACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY/
Substrate		 LITERATURE/
Substrate		 COMMENTARY/
Product		 LITERATURE/
Product		 Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
arsenate + glutathionearsenite + reduced glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Oryctolagus cuniculus--287855--?
dimethylarsonate + glutathionedimethylarsonous acid
show the reaction diagram		Oryctolagus cuniculus--287855--?
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + oxidized glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Oryctolagus cuniculus-rate-limiting enzyme in biotransformation of inorganic arsenite in rabbit liver287855--?
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + glutathione disulfide
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiensP78417-658440--?
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + glutathione disulfide
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiens-involved in biotransformation of arsenate658441--?
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + glutathione disulfide
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiensP78417rate limiting enzyme of inorganic arsenic metabolism658440--?
monomethylarsonate + glutathionemonomethylarsonous acid + oxidized glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiens--287855--?
monomethylarsonate + glutathionemonomethylarsonous acid + oxidized glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiensP78417-670490--?
monomethylarsonate + glutathionemonomethylarsonous acid + oxidized glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Oryctolagus cuniculus--287855-287855?
monomethylarsonate + glutathionemonomethylarsonous acid + oxidized glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Mesocricetus auratus--287856--?

NATURAL SUBSTRATESNATURAL PRODUCTSREACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY SUBSTRATELITERATURE
(Substrate)		COMMENTARY PRODUCTLITERATURE
(Product)
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + oxidized glutathione
show the reaction diagram		Oryctolagus cuniculus-rate-limiting enzyme in biotransformation of inorganic arsenite in rabbit liver287855--
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + glutathione disulfide
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiens-involved in biotransformation of arsenate658441--
methylarsonate + glutathionemethylarsonite + glutathione disulfide
show the reaction diagram		Homo sapiensP78417rate limiting enzyme of inorganic arsenic metabolism658440--

COFACTORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATUREIMAGE
No entries in this field

METALS and IONS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

INHIBITORSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
Sodium deoxycholateHomo sapiens--658440 2D-image

ACTIVATING COMPOUNDORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
dithiothreitolOryctolagus cuniculus-stimulates287855 2D-image

KM VALUE [mM]KM VALUE [mM] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
109-arsenateOryctolagus cuniculus--287855 2D-image
20.9-dimethylarsonateOryctolagus cuniculus--287855 2D-image
2.1-monomethylarsonateOryctolagus cuniculus--287855 2D-image

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s] TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s] SUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]Ki VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

IC50 VALUE [mM]IC50 VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg] SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
0.27-Homo sapiensP78417GSTO1 mutant A140D, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
0.33-Homo sapiensP78417wild-type GSTO1, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
0.39-Homo sapiensP78417GSTO1 mutant E208K, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
0.42-Homo sapiensP78417wild-type GSTO1, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
0.44-Homo sapiensP78417GSTO2 mutant N142D, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
0.65-Homo sapiensP78417GSTO1 mutant DELTAE155, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
0.67-Homo sapiensP78417GSTO1 mutant DELTAE155/E208K, 30°C, pH 5.5670490
additional information-Oryctolagus cuniculus--287855

pH OPTIMUMpH MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
88.2Homo sapiens--658440
8-Oryctolagus cuniculus--287855

pH RANGEpH RANGE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUMTEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE RANGE TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pI VALUEpI VALUE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE SOURCE
bladderMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
brainMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
heartMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
kidneyMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
liverHomo sapiens--287855, 658440Manually annotated by BRENDA team
liverOryctolagus cuniculus--287855Manually annotated by BRENDA team
liverMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
lungMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
skinMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
spleenMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team
testisMesocricetus auratus--287856Manually annotated by BRENDA team

LOCALIZATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY GeneOntology No. LITERATURE SOURCE
cytoplasmHomo sapiens--5737658440Manually annotated by BRENDA team

PDBSCOPCATHORGANISM
No entries in this field

MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
28000-Homo sapiens-SDS-PAGE658440

SUBUNITS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pH STABILITYpH STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE STABILITYTEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
60-Homo sapiensP78417wild-type, 30 min, 60% residual activity. GSTO1 mutant E208K, 30 min, 80% residual activity, GSTO1 mutant DELTAE155/E208K, 30 min, no residual activity670490

GENERAL STABILITYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ORGANIC SOLVENT ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Purification/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
partialHomo sapiens-658440
partialOryctolagus cuniculus-287855

Cloned/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

EXPRESSION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERINGORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
A140DHomo sapiensP78417isoform GSTO2, natural polymorphism, no significant alteration in monomethylarsonate reductase activity670490
DELTAE155Homo sapiensP78417isoform GSTO2, natural polymorphism, 90% increase in monomethylarsonate reductase activity670490
DELTAE155/E208KHomo sapiensP78417isoform GSTO2, natural polymorphism, 100% increase in monomethylarsonate reductase activity, decrease in heat stability670490
N142DHomo sapiensP78417isoform GSTO2, natural polymorphism, no significant alteration in monomethylarsonate reductase activity670490
E208KHomo sapiensP78417isoform GSTO2, natural polymorphism, slight increase in monomethylarsonate reductase activity, decrease in heat stability670490
additional informationHomo sapiens-naturally occurring mutations S86C, A140D, E155del, A236V, and E208K significantly decrease enzyme activity658441

Renatured/COMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

DISEASETITLE OF PUBLICATIONLINK TO PUBMED
AdenomaGSTO polymorphism analysis in thyroid nodules suggest that GSTO1 variants do not influence the risk for malignancy. PubMed
Alzheimer DiseaseEMK: a novel program for family-based allelic and genotypic association tests on quantitative traits. PubMed
Alzheimer DiseaseGSTO1*E155del polymorphism associated with increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease: association hypothesis for an uncommon genetic variant. PubMed
Alzheimer DiseasePolymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase omega-1 and AD, vascular dementia, and stroke. PubMed
Alzheimer DiseaseThree SNPs in the GSTO1, GSTO2 and PRSS11 genes on chromosome 10 are not associated with age-at-onset of Alzheimer's disease. PubMed
AsthmaFunctional polymorphisms of GSTA1 and GSTO2 genes associated with asthma in Italian children. PubMed
AsthmaGSTA1, GSTO1 and GSTO2 gene polymorphisms in Italian asthma patients. PubMed
AtherosclerosisAssociation of the glutathione S-transferase omega-1 Ala140Asp polymorphism with cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and plaque-associated interleukin-1 alpha expression. PubMed
Breast NeoplasmsNo evidence for glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 in breast cancer risk. PubMed
Breast NeoplasmsPolymorphism of glutathione S-transferase omega gene and risk of cancer. PubMed
Breast NeoplasmsPolymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase A1 and O1 and breast cancer among postmenopausal Danish women. PubMed
Breast NeoplasmsRole of glutathione S-transferase omega gene polymorphisms in breast-cancer risk. PubMed
CarcinomaA significantly joint effect between arsenic and occupational exposures and risk genotypes/diplotypes of CYP2E1, GSTO1 and GSTO2 on risk of urothelial carcinoma. PubMed
CarcinomaGSTO polymorphism analysis in thyroid nodules suggest that GSTO1 variants do not influence the risk for malignancy. PubMed
Carcinoma, HepatocellularPolymorphism of glutathione S-transferase omega gene and risk of cancer. PubMed
Carcinoma, PapillaryGSTO polymorphism analysis in thyroid nodules suggest that GSTO1 variants do not influence the risk for malignancy. PubMed
Carotid Artery DiseasesSignificantly increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis with arsenic exposure and polymorphisms in arsenic metabolism genes. PubMed
CataractAssociation between cataract and genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTO2 with respect of work place. PubMed
Cell Transformation, NeoplasticSmoking and susceptibility to thyroid cancer: an inverse association with CYP1A1 allelic variants. PubMed
CholangiocarcinomaPolymorphism of glutathione S-transferase omega gene and risk of cancer. PubMed
Colorectal NeoplasmsAssociation between N142D genetic polymorphism of GSTO2 and susceptibility to colorectal cancer. PubMed
Colorectal NeoplasmsPolymorphism of glutathione S-transferase omega gene and risk of cancer. PubMed
Dementia, VascularAssociation of the glutathione S-transferase omega-1 Ala140Asp polymorphism with cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and plaque-associated interleukin-1 alpha expression. PubMed
glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) deficiencyDeletion of Glu155 causes a deficiency of glutathione transferase Omega 1-1 but does not alter sensitivity to arsenic trioxide and other cytotoxic drugs. PubMed
GoiterGSTO polymorphism analysis in thyroid nodules suggest that GSTO1 variants do not influence the risk for malignancy. PubMed
HypertensionLack of Association Between Essential Hypertension and GSTO1 Uncommon Genetic Variants in Italian Patients. PubMed
Lymphoma, B-CellElimination of the differential chemoresistance between the murine B-cell lymphoma LY-ar and LY-as cell lines after arsenic (As2O3) exposure via the overexpression of gsto1 (p28). PubMed
Neoplasm MetastasisRole of glutathione S-transferase omega gene polymorphisms in breast-cancer risk. PubMed
NeoplasmsAssociation between N142D genetic polymorphism of GSTO2 and susceptibility to colorectal cancer. PubMed
NeoplasmsGenetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily and risk of arsenic-induced urothelial carcinoma in residents of Southwestern Taiwan. PubMed
NeoplasmsGenetic polymorphisms of GSTO2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and risk of gastric cancer. PubMed
NeoplasmsIdentification of selective inhibitors of uncharacterized enzymes by high-throughput screening with fluorescent activity-based probes. PubMed
NeoplasmsNuclear translocation of glutathione transferase omega is a progression marker in Barrett's esophagus. PubMed
NeoplasmsPolymorphism of glutathione S-transferase omega gene and risk of cancer. PubMed
NeoplasmsPolymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase A1 and O1 and breast cancer among postmenopausal Danish women. PubMed
NeoplasmsPotent and selective inhibitors of glutathione S-transferase omega 1 that impair cancer drug resistance. PubMed
NeoplasmsRole of glutathione S-transferase omega gene polymorphisms in breast-cancer risk. PubMed
NeoplasmsRole of glutathione-S-transferase and codon 72 of P53 genotypes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. PubMed,  PubMed
Ovarian NeoplasmsGenetic alterations in chromosome 10q24.3 and glutathione S-transferase omega 2 gene polymorphism in ovarian cancer. PubMed
Ovarian NeoplasmsRole of glutathione-S-transferase and codon 72 of P53 genotypes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. PubMed,  PubMed
Pancreatic NeoplasmsComparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in human pancreatic cancer tissue. PubMed
Parkinson DiseaseGlutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 variation does not influence age at onset of Huntington's disease. PubMed
Prostatic NeoplasmsLack of association of GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTO1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms for susceptibility and outcome in Brazilian prostate cancer patients. PubMed
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAssociation of glutathione-S-transferase omega haplotypes with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PubMed
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveGenetic Variants Associated with the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with and without Lung Cancer. PubMed
Stomach NeoplasmsGenetic polymorphisms of GSTO2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and risk of gastric cancer. PubMed
StrokePolymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase omega-1 and AD, vascular dementia, and stroke. PubMed
Thyroid NeoplasmsGSTO polymorphism analysis in thyroid nodules suggest that GSTO1 variants do not influence the risk for malignancy. PubMed
Thyroid NoduleGSTO polymorphism analysis in thyroid nodules suggest that GSTO1 variants do not influence the risk for malignancy. PubMed
Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsA case-control study of polymorphisms in xenobiotic and arsenic metabolism genes and arsenic-related bladder cancer in New Hampshire. PubMed

REF. AUTHORS TITLE JOURNAL VOL. PAGES YEAR ORGANISMLINK TO PUBMEDSOURCE
287855Zakharyan, R.A.; Aposhian, H.V.Enzymatic reduction of arsenic compounds in mammalian systems: the rate-limiting enzyme of rabbit liver arsenic biotransformation is MMA(V) reductaseChem. Res. Toxicol.121278-12831999Homo sapiens, Oryctolagus cuniculus PubMed
287856Sampayo-Reyes, A.; Zakharyan, R.A.; Healy, S.M.; Aposhian, H.V.Monomethylarsonic acid reductase and monomethylarsonous acid in hamster tissueChem. Res. Toxicol.131181-11862000Mesocricetus auratus PubMed
658440Zakharyan, R.A.; Sampayo-Reyes, A.; Healy, S.M.; Tsaprailis, G.; Board, P.G.; Liebler, D.C.; Aposhian, H.V.Human monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)) reductase is a member of the glutathione-S-transferase superfamilyChem. Res. Toxicol.141051-10572001Homo sapiens PubMed
658441Marnell, L.L.; Garcia-Vargas, G.G.; Chowdhury, U.K.; Zakharyan, R.A.; Walsh, B.; Avram, M.D.; Kopplin, M.J.; Cebrian, M.E.; Silbergeld, E.K.; Aposhian, H.V.Polymorphisms in the human monomethylarsonic acid (MMA V) reductase/hGSTO1 gene and changes in urinary arsenic profilesChem. Res. Toxicol.161507-15132003Homo sapiens PubMed
670490Schmuck, E.M.; Board, P.G.; Whitbread, A.K.; Tetlow, N.; Cavanaugh, J.A.; Blackburn, A.C.; Masoumi, A.Characterization of the monomethylarsonate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities of Omega class glutathione transferase variants: implications for arsenic metabolism and the age-at-onset of Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseasesPharmacogenet. Genomics15493-5012005Homo sapiens PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.20.4.2)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
SYSTERS
Protein Mutant Database
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)