Information on EC 1.2.1.10 -

Information on EC 1.2.1.10 - acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating):

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EC NUMBER	COMMENTARY
1.2.1.10	-

RECOMMENDED NAME	GeneOntology No.
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)	GO:0008774

REACTION	REACTION DIAGRAM	COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		-	-	-	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		bi-uni-uni-uni-ping-pong mechanism	Escherichia coli	-	390164
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		bi-uni-uni-uni-ping-pong mechanism	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		bi-uni-uni-uni-ping-pong mechanism	Clostridium kluyveri	-	390176
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		part of a bifunctional enzyme complex that also displays 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase activity	Pseudomonas sp.	-	657161

REACTION TYPE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
oxidation	-	-	-	-
oxidation	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594
redox reaction	-	-	-	-
reduction	-	-	-	-

PATHWAY	KEGG Link	MetaCyc Link
2-aminoethylphosphonate degradation I	-	PHOSPHONOTASE-PWY
2-oxopentenoate degradation	-	PWY-5162
acetylene degradation	-	P161-PWY
ethanol degradation I	-	ETOH-ACETYLCOA-ANA-PWY
heterolactic fermentation	-	P122-PWY
mixed acid fermentation	-	FERMENTATION-PWY
purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation	-	PWY0-1297
pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides degradation	-	PWY0-1298
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol I	-	PWY-5480
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol III	-	PWY-6587
threonine degradation IV	-	PWY-5436
triethylamine degradation	-	PWY-7085

SYSTEMATIC NAME

IUBMB Comments

acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating)

Also acts, more slowly, on glycolaldehyde, propanal and butanal. In Pseudomonas species, this enzyme forms part of a bifunctional enzyme with EC 4.1.3.39, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase. It is the final enzyme in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of phenols, methylphenols and catechol, converting the acetaldehyde produced by EC 4.1.3.39 into acetyl-CoA [3]. NADP+ can replace NAD+ but the rate of reaction is much slower [3].

SYNONYMS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase/acylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase	Pseudomonas sp.	-	bifunctional enzyme	657161
ACDH	-	-	-	-
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	acetaldehyde dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a bifunctional enzyme possessing alcohol dehydrogenase und acetaldehyde dehydrogenase domains	672735
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [acetylating]	-	-	-	-
acetyl-CoA reductase	-	-	-	-
AdhE	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	-	672735
aldehyde dehydrogenase	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594
aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)	-	-	-	-
ALDH	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594
CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-
coenzyme A linked aldehyde dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-
DmpF	Escherichia coli	-	-	690971
NAD+/CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase	Escherichia coli	-	-	690971

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER	COMMENTARY
9028-91-5	-

ORGANISM	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SEQUENCE CODE	SEQUENCE DB	SOURCE
Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	-	695594	A5JT11	UniProt
Clostridium beijerinckii	strain NRRL B592	390174	-	-
Clostridium kluyveri	-	286052, 390168, 390170, 390176	-	-
Escherichia coli	-	390171	-	-
Escherichia coli	grown anaerobically	390163	-	-
Escherichia coli	NCIB 8114	390162	-	-
Escherichia coli	strain B	390164	-	-
Escherichia coli	strain K-12 strain DC272	390173	-	-
Escherichia coli	strain XL2-Blue	690971	-	-
Escherichia coli XL2-Blue	strain XL2-Blue	690971	-	-
Giardia intestinalis	srain WB	390177	-	-
Leuconostoc mesenteroides	IFO 3426	390167	-	-
Leuconostoc mesenteroides	strain LMC7	672735	Q5RLY6	SwissProt
Leuconostoc mesenteroides LMC7	strain LMC7	672735	Q5RLY6	SwissProt
Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	390166	-	-
Pseudomonas sp.	strain CF600	390175, 390178, 657161	-	-
Pseudomonas sp.	strain NCIMB9816	390179	-	-
Pseudomonas sp. NCIMB9816	strain NCIMB9816	390179	-	-
Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	strain 39E	286197	-	-

GENERAL INFORMATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SUBSTRATE	PRODUCT	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY/ Substrate	LITERATURE/ Substrate	COMMENTARY/ Product	LITERATURE/ Product	Reversibility r=reversible ir=irreversible ?=not specified
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390162	-	390162	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390163	-	390163	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	-	390164	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	-	390171	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390163	-	390163	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390173	-	390173	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	-	390177	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175	-	390175	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	657161	-	-	?
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	-	390167	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	-	286052	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	-	390168	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390170	-	390170	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	-	390168	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	390166	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174	-	390174	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	-	286197	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	-	672735	-	-	?
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	0.1 mM CoA can be replaced by 25 mM pantetheine, 46% of CoA activity, 25 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 14% of CoA activity, 25 mM dithioerythritol, 10% of CoA activity, 25 mM glutathione, 8.6% of CoA activity, 25 mM cysteamine, 4.6% of CoA activity	390176	-	390176	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	enzyme carries aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase activity	390177	-	390177	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	ethanol production in aerobic glucose dissimilation	390167	-	390167	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	during glucose fermentation	390162	-	390162	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	during glucose fermentation	390164	-	390164	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	during ethanol fermentation	390170	-	390170	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	during ethanol fermentation	390176	-	390176	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	involved in degradation of toxic aromatic compounds via the intermediate catechol	657161	-	-	?
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	-	-	r
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ + H+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	690971	-	-	?
acetyl-CoA + NADH	acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+		Escherichia coli	-	-	390163, 390171	-	-	r
caprylaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	caprylyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	-	-	?
formaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	formyl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	-	-	ir
formaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	formyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175	-	-	?
formaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	formyl-CoA + NADH + H+		Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	-	-	?
glutaraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	glutaryl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	?
glycolaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	hydroxyacetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	-	-	?
glycolaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	hydroxyacetyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	not	390166	-	-	-
glyoxal + CoA + NAD+	glyoxyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	?
heptylaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	heptanoyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	-	-	?
heptylaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	heptanoyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	?
hexylaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	hexanoyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	-	-	?
hexylaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	hexanoyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	?
isobutyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	isobutyryl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	-	390177	r
isobutyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	isobutyryl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175	-	-	?
isobutyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	isobutyryl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	-	-	?
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	-	-	r
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	-	390177	-
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175	-	-	-
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	-	-	r
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052, 390168	-	-	r
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	r
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174	-	-	r
n-butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	n-butyryl-CoA + NADH		Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	-	286197	r
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	-	-	?
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	-	-	?
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052, 390168	-	-	?
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	initial rate of reaction with propanal is 2.7fold slower than that with acetaldehyde	390175	-	-	?
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	is used 63% as efficiently as acetaldehyde	390177	-	390177	r
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	fermentation of 1,2-propanediol	390166	-	390166	?, r
propionaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH + H+		Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	-	-	?
valeraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	valeryl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	-	-	?
valeraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	valeryl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	?
isobutyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+	isobutyryl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	-	?
additional information	?	-	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	not: formaldehyde, octylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, D,L-glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde	390166	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Escherichia coli	-	not benzaldehyde	390164, 390171	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	not: benzaldehyde	390167	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Clostridium kluyveri	-	not: formaldehyde, chloral, benzaldehyde	390168	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Escherichia coli	-	not: chloral, formaldehyde, D,L-glyceraldehyde	390171	-	-	-

NATURAL SUBSTRATES	NATURAL PRODUCTS	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY SUBSTRATE	LITERATURE (Substrate)	COMMENTARY PRODUCT	LITERATURE (Product)
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390163	-	390163
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	-	390171
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	-	390173	-	390173
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	-	390177
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175	-	390175
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	-	286052
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	-	390168
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	-	390166
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174	-	390174
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	-	286197
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	ethanol production in aerobic glucose dissimilation	390167	-	390167
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	during glucose fermentation	390162	-	390162
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Escherichia coli	-	during glucose fermentation	390164	-	390164
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	during ethanol fermentation	390170	-	390170
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Clostridium kluyveri	-	during ethanol fermentation	390176	-	390176
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH		Pseudomonas sp.	-	involved in degradation of toxic aromatic compounds via the intermediate catechol	657161	-	-
acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+		Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	-	-
formaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	formyl-CoA + NADH + H+		Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	-	-
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Giardia intestinalis	-	is used 63% as efficiently as acetaldehyde	390177	-	390177
propanal + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH		Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	fermentation of 1,2-propanediol	390166	-	390166
propionaldehyde + CoA + NAD+	propionyl-CoA + NADH + H+		Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	-	-

COFACTOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
CoA	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052, 390168, 390170, 390176	2D-image
CoA	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
CoA	Escherichia coli	-	-	390162, 390163, 390164, 390171, 390173	2D-image
CoA	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image
CoA	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image
CoA	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174	2D-image
CoA	Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175, 390178, 390179	2D-image
CoA	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	2D-image
NAD+	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052, 390168, 390170, 390176	2D-image
NAD+	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	NADH-dependent	286197	2D-image
NAD+	Escherichia coli	-	-	390162, 390163, 390164, 390171, 390173	2D-image
NAD+	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	no reaction with NADP+	390166	2D-image
NAD+	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	no reaction with NADP+	390167	2D-image
NAD+	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174	2D-image
NAD+	Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	390175, 657161	2D-image
NAD+	Giardia intestinalis	-	NAD+-specific; no reaction with NADP+	390177	2D-image
NAD+	Escherichia coli	-	shares a binding site with CoA. Rossmann fold can alternately bind CoA or NAD+ cofactors required for enzymatic catalysis	690971	2D-image
NAD+	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	2D-image
NADH	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
NADH	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	shows also activity with NADPH, NADH is more effective than NADPH	390174	2D-image
NADH	Pseudomonas sp.	-	rate of reaction with NADP+ is only 7% of that with NAD+	390175	2D-image
CoA	Escherichia coli	-	shares a binding site with NAD+. Rossmann fold can alternately bind CoA or NAD+ cofactors required for enzymatic catalysis	690971	2D-image
additional information	Clostridium kluyveri	-	enzyme is able to acetylate other thiols than CoA, e.g. pantetheine, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithioerythritol, glutathione, cysteamine	390176	-

METALS and IONS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
Fe2+	Escherichia coli	-	3fold activation with 0.00003 mM, 5fold activation with 0.03 mM, activation only of NADH oxidation, not NAD+ reduction	390163
Mn2+	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	activity of the enzyme is elevated	695594

INHIBITORS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
acetyl-CoA	Clostridium kluyveri	-	competitive inhibitor with respect to NAD+; competitive to NAD+	390176	2D-image
ADP	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 42% inhibition, competitive to NAD+	390167	2D-image
ADP-ribose	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
AgNO3	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 20% inhibition	390167	2D-image
AMP	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
AMP	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 48% inhibition, competitive to NAD+	390167	2D-image
ATP	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 38% inhibition, competitive to NAD+	390167	2D-image
benzaldehyde	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
Ca2+	Giardia intestinalis	-	5 mM causes 51% inhibition	390177	2D-image
Chloroethanol	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	2D-image
CuSO4	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 49% inhibition	390167	2D-image
Disulfiram	Giardia intestinalis	-	0.01 mM causes 70% inhibition	390177	2D-image
HgCl2	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 31% inhibition	390167	2D-image
iodoacetamide	Giardia intestinalis	-	1 mM causes 88-96% inhibition	390177	2D-image
iodoacetate	Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	657161	2D-image
Mg2+	Giardia intestinalis	-	5 mM causes 51% inhibition	390177	2D-image
Na2HAsO4	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	1 mM 100% inhibition, 0.1 mM 32% inhibition	390167	2D-image
NAD+	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	double competitive, NAD+/CoA ratio is kept at 1:0.24	390174	2D-image
NADH	Clostridium kluyveri	-	competitive inhibitor with respect to CoA; competitive to CoA	390176	2D-image
p-chloromercuribenzoate	Giardia intestinalis	-	0.01 mM causes 88-96% inhibition	390177	2D-image
Tris	Escherichia coli	-	rate of reaction falls off rapidly in Tris	390173	2D-image
Valproate	Giardia intestinalis	-	50 mM causes 20-46% inhibition	390177	2D-image
Mn2+	Giardia intestinalis	-	5 mM causes 84% inhibition	390177	2D-image
additional information	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	low ionic strength buffers, 0.2 M boric acid/Na2CO3, 0.2 M glycine/NaOH, 0.2 M NH4Cl/NH4OH, pH 8.0, not inhibitory at 1 mM: K+, Na+, Li+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2 +, Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, EDTA, p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetate, N3-, dipyridyl, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, acetylphosphate, pyruvic acid, adenine, adenosine, guanine, guanosine, GMP, GDP, not inhibitory at 0.1 mM: NADP+, NADPH	390167	-

ACTIVATING COMPOUND	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
2-mercaptoethanol	Escherichia coli	-	reduces lag phase before attainment of steady state rate in conjunction with NAD+	390164	2D-image
2-mercaptoethanol	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image
3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde adenine dinucleotide	Escherichia coli	-	NAD+ analogue, activates by binding strongly to activator site, binds weakly to catalytic site	390164	2D-image
dithiothreitol	Escherichia coli	-	does require dithiothreitol for optimum activity	390173	2D-image
GSH	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	7fold activation	390167	2D-image
NAD+	Escherichia coli	-	reduces lag phase before attainment of steady state rate in conjunction with 2-mercaptoethanol	390164	2D-image
Sulfhydryl compound	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	requirement for reduced form	390166	2D-image
Sulfhydryl compound	Escherichia coli	-	requirement for reduced form	390171	2D-image

KM VALUE [mM]	KM VALUE [mM] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
22	-	2-mercaptoethanol	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390176	2D-image
0.01518	-	acetaldehyde	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	2D-image
0.362	-	acetaldehyde	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	2D-image
0.39	-	acetaldehyde	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390176	2D-image
0.45	-	acetaldehyde	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	2D-image
1.3	-	acetaldehyde	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
1.5	-	acetaldehyde	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	2D-image
1.5	-	acetaldehyde	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	2D-image
3.7	-	acetaldehyde	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image
10	-	acetaldehyde	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
100	-	acetaldehyde	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image
0.007	-	acetyl-CoA	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
0.013	-	acetyl-CoA	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	2D-image
0.018	-	acetyl-CoA	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	2D-image
0.0196	-	acetyl-CoA	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with NADPH	390174	2D-image
0.037	-	acetyl-CoA	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
0.154	-	acetyl-CoA	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with NADH	390174	2D-image
2.3	-	Butanal	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
11	-	Butanal	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	2D-image
3.7	-	Butyraldehyde	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	reverse reaction, with 0.32 mM NAD+ and 0.12 mM CoA	390174	2D-image
0.008	-	CoA	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
0.009	-	CoA	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image
0.01	-	CoA	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	2D-image
0.033	-	CoA	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	2D-image
0.035	-	CoA	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390176	2D-image
0.04	-	CoA	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image
0.064	-	CoA	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	reverse reaction, with 0.32 mM NAD+ and 11 mM butyraldehyde	390174	2D-image
0.076	-	CoA	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	2D-image
0.16	-	CoA	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
0.00212	-	formaldehyde	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	2D-image
20	-	glycolaldehyde	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	2D-image
0.029	-	n-Butyryl-CoA	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
0.0715	-	n-Butyryl-CoA	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with NADPH	390174	2D-image
0.166	-	n-Butyryl-CoA	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with NADH	390174	2D-image
0.05	-	NAD+	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	2D-image
0.08	-	NAD+	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
0.17	-	NAD+	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image
0.25	-	NAD+	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	reverse reaction, with 0.12 mM CoA and 11 mM butyraldehyde	390174	2D-image
0.3	-	NAD+	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390176	2D-image
0.4	-	NAD+	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	286052	2D-image
0.43	-	NAD+	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image
0.44	-	NAD+	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
0.0076	-	NADH	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with butyryl-CoA	390174	2D-image
0.0082	-	NADH	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with acetyl-CoA	390174	2D-image
0.022	-	NADH	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	2D-image
0.025	-	NADH	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164	2D-image
0.063	-	NADH	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197	2D-image
0.1	-	NADH	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171	2D-image
0.0673	-	NADPH	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with butyryl-CoA	390174	2D-image
0.206	-	NADPH	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	forward reaction, with acetyl-CoA	390174	2D-image
11	-	pantetheine	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390176	2D-image
0.603	-	propanal	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	390177	2D-image
4.5	-	propanal	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390168	2D-image
6.9	-	propanal	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image
0.00049	-	propionaldehyde	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	-	695594	2D-image
1.5	-	Valeraldehyde	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166	2D-image

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]	TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s]	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]	Ki VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
2.5	-	ADP	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image
0.75	-	AMP	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image
8.6	-	ATP	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167	2D-image

IC50 VALUE [mM]	IC50 VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]	SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
0.87	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167
1.6	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	crude extracts from expression in Escherichia coli DH5alpha, one unit is defined as the amount of enzyme activity that catalysed the transformation of 1 micromol NADH per min	672735
1.7	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	crude extracts from expression in Escherichia coli BL21, one unit is defined as the amount of enzyme activity that catalysed the transformation of 1 micromol NADH per min	672735
2	-	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174
3.11	-	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171
4.88	-	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	undialyzed, anaerobically purified	390174
8.75	-	Giardia intestinalis	-	bifunctional fusion protein of aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase	390177
9.62	-	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	dialyzed, incubated with dithiothreitol and CoA	390174
14.1	-	Escherichia coli	-	-	390164
16	-	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	-	286197
48.6	-	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	390176
60.6	-	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	recombinant enzyme	695594
83.7	-	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166

pH OPTIMUM	pH MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
6.8	-	Clostridium kluyveri	-	NADH oxidation; NADH oxidation, with potassium phosphate buffer	390176
7	-	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	thioesterase activity	286197
7	-	Escherichia coli	-	-	390171
7	-	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	-	390174
8	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167
8.5	-	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	NAD+ reduction	286197
8.5	-	Giardia intestinalis	-	NAD+ reduction	390177
8.8	-	Escherichia coli	-	in cyclohexylaminoethanesulfonic acid or Tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methyl-amino-propanesulfonic acid buffer	390173
9	-	Clostridium kluyveri	-	NAD+ reduction	286052
9.1	-	Clostridium kluyveri	-	NAD+ reduction	390176

pH RANGE	pH RANGE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5	8	Clostridium kluyveri	-	less than 50% of maximal activity above and below	390176
6	7	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	NAD+ reduction	390174
6.2	7.4	Escherichia coli	-	67% of maximal activity at pH 6.2, 79% of maximal activity at pH 7.4	390171
6.5	8.5	Pseudomonas sp.	-	activity increases gradually over pH range from 6.5 to 8.5	390175
6.5	9.5	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	activity of NADH oxidation increases between 6.5-9.5	390174
7	9.5	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	30% of maximal activity at pH 7.0, 100% at pH 9.5	390166
8.2	9.5	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166
8.5	10	Clostridium kluyveri	-	70% of maximal activity at pH 8.5, 80% of maximal activity at pH 10	286052

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM	TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
30	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	-	390167
45	-	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	-	390166

TEMPERATURE RANGE	TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
20	60	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	55% of maximal activity at 20�C, 60% at 60�C	390166

pI VALUE	pI VALUE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SOURCE
cell culture	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	-	672735

LOCALIZATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	GeneOntology No.	LITERATURE	SOURCE
cytosol	Clostridium kluyveri	-	soluble fraction	5829	390176
cytosol	Giardia intestinalis	-	-	5829	390177
particle-bound	Clostridium kluyveri	-	-	-	286052, 390170

PDB	SCOP	CATH	ORGANISM
1nvm, download	SCOP (1nvm)	CATH (1nvm)	Pseudomonas sp. (strain CF600)

MOLECULAR WEIGHT	MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
57000	-	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	SDS-PAGE	695594
96600	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	deduced from sequence	672735
100000	-	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	gel filtration under anaerobic conditions	390174
120000	-	Escherichia coli	-	one of four isozymes, gel filtration	390162
140000	-	Pseudomonas sp.	-	-	657161
148000	-	Pseudomonas sp.	-	gel filtration, molecular mass of enzyme complex, occurs in complex with 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate	390175
188000	-	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	gel filtration	390166
290000	-	Clostridium kluyveri	-	gel filtration and sedimentation coefficient	390176
360000	-	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	gel filtration	286197
370000	-	Escherichia coli	-	one of four isozymes, gel filtration	390162
520000	-	Escherichia coli	-	one of four isozymes, gel filtration	390162
900000	-	Escherichia coli	-	one of four isozymes, gel filtration	390162

SUBUNITS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
?	Giardia intestinalis	-	x * 95000, SDS-PAGE, amino acid sequence	390177
?	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	x * 57000, SDS-PAGE	695594
dimer	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	2 * 55000, SDS-PAGE	390174
polymer	Escherichia coli	-	ca. 40 * 96000, pyruvate-formate-lyase-deactivase with alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, nucleotide sequence	390163
tetramer	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	4 * 100000, SDS-PAGE	286197
tetramer	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	4 * 48000, SDS-PAGE	390166
tetramer	Pseudomonas sp.	-	2 * 32500 + 2 * 39000, determined by nucleotide sequence, SDS-PAGE, two subunits of aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) and two of 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate	390175
tetramer	Pseudomonas sp.	-	composed of two dimers, one dimer accounts for 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase, subunit size 37500, and one for acylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, subunit size 32500	657161

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
-	Pseudomonas sp.	-	657161
hanging drop method, streak-seeding	Pseudomonas sp.	-	390178

pH STABILITY	pH STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5	8	Clostridium kluyveri	-	enzyme activity falls to 50% at pH 5 and pH 8	390176
7	-	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	more stable at pH 7 than at pH 6, 8 or 9 in either Tris acetate or potassium phosphate test buffer, at the same pH more stable in Tris acetate test buffer	390174

TEMPERATURE STABILITY	TEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
40	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	15 min, 30% activity left	390167
45	-	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	15 min, inactivation	390167
70	-	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	3 min, inactivation above	390166

GENERAL STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
sensitive to O2, can be protected against O2 inactivation by dithiothreitol	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
with Tris acetate buffer at pH 7, less stable at higher buffer concentration between 10 and 150 mM	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
dithioerythritol stabilizes	Clostridium kluyveri	-	390176
no stabilization by detergents, acetone, ethanol, NAD+, glycerol, CoA, anaerobic conditions	Clostridium kluyveri	-	390176
extremely unstable in absence of 2-mercaptoethanol	Escherichia coli	-	390171
labile during purification, stabilization by 2-hydroxyethyldisulfide	Escherichia coli	-	390164
activity is highest in HEPES buffer and somewhat lower in phosphate buffer, activity in Tris buffer is about half the rate in HEPES buffer	Pseudomonas sp.	-	390175

ORGANIC SOLVENT	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
5 mM dithiothreitol protects enzyme in crude extracts from O2-inactivation for at least 2 hours	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
addition of 140 mM KCl to 10 mM Tris acetate stabilizes as no activity is lost after 3 days	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
CoA and dithiothreitol restore a higher activity than one of these compounds alone	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
glycerol at 20%, vol/vol, stabilizes in 50 mM Tris acetate buffer at pH 7, as no activity is lost after 3 days at 4�C under argon	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
-70�C, 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8, 3 mM dithioerythritol, 2 weeks, 15% loss of activity	Clostridium kluyveri	-	390176
-70�C, 3 mM dithioerythritol, 85% of enzymatic activity remains after 2 weeks	Clostridium kluyveri	-	390176
-60�C, 20 mM MOPS-KOH pH 7.6, 0.1 mM EDTA, up to one year	Escherichia coli	-	390163
3�C, ammonium sulfate step of purification, several months	Escherichia coli	-	390171
-80�C, 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, 1 mM dithiothreitol	Pseudomonas sp.	-	390175
4�C, anaerobically	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	286197

Purification/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
by affinity chromatography by means of a Ni-Sepharose column	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	695594
under anaerobic conditions	Clostridium beijerinckii	-	390174
partial	Clostridium kluyveri	-	390168, 390176
from anaerobically grown cells, rod-shaped	Escherichia coli	-	390163
on DEAE and NAD+-linked affinity columns, combined with an ammonium sulfate fractionation step	Escherichia coli	-	690971
partial	Escherichia coli	-	390164, 390171
-	Giardia intestinalis	-	390177
partial	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-	390167
-	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-	390166
-	Pseudomonas sp.	-	390175
-	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	-	286197

Cloned/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
in Escherichia coli BL21 cells	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	A5JT11	695594
Escherichia coli strain W1485	Escherichia coli	-	390173
gene adhE, pyruvate-formate-lyase-deactivase with alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity	Escherichia coli	-	390163
pT7.5-dmpFG plasmid expressed in Escherichia coli C41(DE3)	Escherichia coli	-	690971
expression in Escherichia coli BL21 and DH5alpha	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	Q5RLY6	672735
-	Pseudomonas sp.	-	390179
overexpression in Escherichia coli	Pseudomonas sp.	-	390175

EXPRESSION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERING	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Renatured/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

REF.	AUTHORS	TITLE	JOURNAL	VOL.	PAGES	YEAR	ORGANISM	LINK TO PUBMED	SOURCE
286052	Hillmer, P.; Gottschalk, G.	Solubilization and partial characterization of particulate dehydrogenases from Clostridium kluyveri	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	334	12-23	1974	Clostridium kluyveri	-
286197	Burdette, D.; Zeikus, J.G.	Purification of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenases from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E and characterization of the secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase (2 degrees Adh) as a bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase-acetyl-CoA reductive thioesterase	Biochem. J.	302	163-170	1994	Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus	PubMed
390162	Jones, P.W.; Turner, J.M.	Interrelationships between the enzymes of ethanolamine metabolism in Escherichia coli	J. Gen. Microbiol.	130	299-308	1984	Escherichia coli	PubMed
390163	Kessler, D.; Leibrecht, I.; Knappe, J.	Pyruvate-formate-lyase-deactivase and acetyl-CoA reductase activities of Escherichia coli reside on a polymeric protein particle encoded by adhE	FEBS Lett.	281	59-63	1991	Escherichia coli	PubMed
390164	Shone, C.C.; Fromm, H.J.	Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of coenzyme A linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli	Biochemistry	20	7494-7501	1981	Escherichia coli	PubMed
390166	Hosoi, N.; Ozaki, C.; Kitamoto, Y.; Ichikawa, Y.	Purification and properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from propionibacterium freudenreichii	J. Ferment. Technol.	57	418-427	1979	Propionibacterium freudenreichii	-
390167	Kazahaya, T.; Kawai, K.; Yashima, S.; Sasaki, Y.	Aerobic dissimilation of glucose by heterolactic bacteria. III. Aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides	J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.	18	43-55	1972	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	-
390168	Burton, R.M.; Stadtman, E.R.	The oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetyl coenzyme A	J. Biol. Chem.	202	873-890	1953	Clostridium kluyveri	-
390170	Hillmer, P.; Gottschalk, G.	Particulate nature of enzymes involved in the fermentation of ethanol and acetate by Clostridium kluyveri	FEBS Lett.	21	351-354	1972	Clostridium kluyveri	PubMed
390171	Rudolph, F.B.; Purich, D.L.; Fromm, H.J.	Coenzyme A-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. I. Partial purification, properties, and kinetic studies of the enzyme	J. Biol. Chem.	243	5539-5545	1968	Escherichia coli	PubMed
390173	Clark, D.P.; Cronan, J.E., Jr.	Acetaldehyde coenzyme A dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli	J. Bacteriol.	144	179-184	1980	Escherichia coli	PubMed
390174	Yan, R.T.; Chen, J.S.	Coenzyme A-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B592	Appl. Environ. Microbiol.	56	2591-2599	1990	Clostridium beijerinckii	PubMed
390175	Powlowski, J.; Sahlman, L.; Shingler, V.	Purification and properties of the physically associated meta-cleavage pathway enzymes 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600	J. Bacteriol.	175	377-385	1993	Pseudomonas sp.	PubMed
390176	Smith, L.T.; Kaplan, N.O.	Purification, properties, and kinetic mechanism of coenzyme A-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Clostridium kluyveri	Arch. Biochem. Biophys.	203	663-675	1980	Clostridium kluyveri	PubMed
390177	Sanchez, L.B.	Aldehyde dehydrogenase (CoA-acetylating) and the mechanism of ethanol formation in the amitochondriate protist, Giardia lamblia	Arch. Biochem. Biophys.	354	57-64	1998	Giardia intestinalis	PubMed
390178	Manjasetty, B.A.; Croteau, N.; Powlowski, J.; Vrielink, A.	Crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of dmpFG-encoded 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase-aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600	Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D	57	582-585	2001	Pseudomonas sp.	PubMed
390179	Platt, A.; Shingler, V.; Taylor, S.C.; Williams, P.A.	The 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) encoded by the nahM and nahO genes of the naphthalene catabolic plasmid pWW60-22 provide further evidence of conservation of meta-cleavage pathway gene sequences	Microbiology	141	223-233	1995	Pseudomonas sp.	-
657161	Manjasetty, B.A.; Powlowski, J.; Vrielink, A.	Crystal structure of a bifunctional aldolase-dehydrogenase: sequestering a reactive and volatile intermediate	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA	100	6992-6997	2003	Pseudomonas sp.	PubMed
672735	Koo, O.K.; Jeong, D.W.; Lee, J.M.; Kim, M.J.; Lee, J.H.; Chang, H.C.; Kim, J.H.; Lee, H.J.	Cloning and characterization of the bifunctional alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene (adhE) in Leuconostoc mesenteroides isolated from kimchi	Biotechnol. Lett.	27	505-510	2005	Leuconostoc mesenteroides	PubMed
690971	Lei, Y.; Pawelek, P.D.; Powlowski, J.	A shared binding site for NAD+ and coenzyme A in an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase involved in bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds	Biochemistry	47	6870-6882	2008	Escherichia coli	PubMed
695594	Zhao, Y.; Lei, M.; Wu, Y.; Wang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Deng, F.; Wang, H.	Molecular cloning and expression of the complete DNA sequence encoding NAD+-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter sp. strain HBS-2	Ann. Microbiol.	59	97-104	2009	Acinetobacter sp. HBS-2	-

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.2.1.10)

NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature

PROSITE Database of protein families and domains

SYSTERS

Protein Mutant Database

InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)

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