Information on EC 1.1.1.81 -

Information on EC 1.1.1.81 - hydroxypyruvate reductase:

Please wait a moment until all data are loaded. This message will disappear when all data are loaded.

Mark a special word or phrase in this record:
Select one or more organisms in this record:

Show additional data Do not include text mining results
Include

(text mining) results (more...)
Include

results (AMENDA + additional results, but less precise; more...)

Please login to have access to the AMENDA and FRENDA data

EC NUMBER	COMMENTARY
1.1.1.81	-

RECOMMENDED NAME	GeneOntology No.
hydroxypyruvate reductase	GO:0016618

REACTION	REACTION DIAGRAM	COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
D-glycerate + NAD(P)+ = hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+		-	-	-	-

REACTION TYPE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
oxidation	-	-	-	-
redox reaction	-	-	-	-
reduction	-	-	-	-

PATHWAY	KEGG Link	MetaCyc Link
formaldehyde assimilation I (serine pathway)	-	PWY-1622

SYSTEMATIC NAME	IUBMB Comments
D-glycerate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase	-

SYNONYMS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
AtHPR1	Brassica napus	-	-	705820
beta-hydroxypyruvate reductase	-	-	-	-
D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	-	-	669886
D-glycerate dehydrogenase	-	-	-	-
glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	-	-	669886
GRHPR	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	-	-	669886
HPR1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	;	700736
HPR2	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736
HRP	Methylobacterium sp.	-	-	688165
hydroxypyruvate reductase	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736
NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reducing enzyme activity	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413
NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413
NADH-HPR	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413
NADH:hydroxypyruvate reductase	-	-	-	-
NADPH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736
hydroxypyruvate reductase	Brassica napus	-	-	705820
additional information	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	-	the enzyme shows bifunctionality also performing the reaction of hydroxypyruvate reductase, EC 1.1.1.81	669886
additional information	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	hydroxypyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.81) activity is found for the same protein showing NADH- and NADPH-dependent glyoxylate reductase (EC 1.1.1.26 or 1.1.1.79) activity, closely related to D-glycerate dehydrogense (EC 1.1.1.29)	684141

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER	COMMENTARY
9059-44-3	-

ORGANISM	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SEQUENCE CODE	SEQUENCE DB	SOURCE
Arabidopsis thaliana	-	700736	Q9C9W5	UniProt
Arabidopsis thaliana	HPR2; gene At1g79870 encodes isozyme HPR2	700736	Q9CA90	UniProt
Bos taurus	-	287376, 287378, 287379, 287383	-	-
Brassica napus	-	705820	-	-
Chlorella vulgaris	-	695413	-	-
Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris	-	287372	-	-
Cucumis sativus	-	286510	-	-
Cucurbita pepo	-	287372	-	-
Delftia acidovorans	-	287381, 287382	-	-
Homo sapiens	-	669886	-	-
Hordeum vulgare	-	287371	-	-
Hordeum vulgare	barley	287368	-	-
Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	286510, 287364	-	-
Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	286508, 286510, 287369	-	-
Methylobacterium organophilum	-	286510	-	-
Methylobacterium sp.	strain MB200, capable of producing glyoxylate from methanol	688165	-	-
Methylobacterium sp. MB200	strain MB200, capable of producing glyoxylate from methanol	688165	-	-
Mus musculus	gene GRHPR	669886	-	-
Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1	-	287365	-	-
Paracoccus denitrificans	-	287375	-	-
Pisum sativum	-	287373	-	-
Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	684141	-	-
Rattus norvegicus	-	287380	-	-
Spinacia oleracea	-	286505, 286510, 287372, 287373, 287374	-	-
Sus scrofa	-	287376, 287377	-	-
Zea mays	-	287370	-	-

GENERAL INFORMATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
metabolism	Chlorella vulgaris	-	NADH-HPR is extensively involved in carbon metabolism	695413
physiological function	Chlorella vulgaris	-	in the dark, cytokinins mimic the regulatory effect of light upon algal cell division, metabolite content and stimulate carbon recycling for Calvin cycle reactions by enhancing of light-dependent NADH-HPR activity, regulation, overview	695413
physiological function	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	deletion of any of the core enzymes of the photorespiratory cycle, one of the major pathways of plant primary metabolism, results in severe air-sensitivity of the respective mutants with the exception of the peroxisomal enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase, HPR1, due to the existence of a second hydroxypyruvate reductase, HPR2, in the cytosol, overview. The enzyme provides a cytosolic bypass to the photorespiratory core cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana	700736

SUBSTRATE	PRODUCT	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY/ Substrate	LITERATURE/ Substrate	COMMENTARY/ Product	LITERATURE/ Product	Reversibility r=reversible ir=irreversible ?=not specified
2,3-butandione + NAD(P)H	butan-2-ol-3-one + NAD(P)+		Paracoccus denitrificans	-	33 mM, 12% of activity with hydroxypyruvate	287375	-	287375	?
acetoin + NAD(P)H + H+	2,3-butanediol + NAD(P)+		Paracoccus denitrificans	-	33 mM, 14% of activity with hydroxypyruvate	287375	-	287375	?
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	-	-	669886	-	-	?
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Sus scrofa	-	-	287377	-	287377	?
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	activity with hydroxypyruvate and NADPH is 2fold higher than with other pair of reactants	287374	-	287374	ir
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Paracoccus denitrificans	-	33 mM, 15% activity	287375	-	287375	-
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	cofactor NADH, 15% of activity with hydroxypyruvate, cofactor NADPH, 1.5% of activity with hydroxypyruvate	286508	-	286508	?
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Homo sapiens	-	the enzyme is involved in removal of the metabolic by-product from liver	669886	-	-	?
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H + H+	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736	-	-	?
glyoxylate + NADH	glycolate + NAD+		Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	-	684141	-	-	?
glyoxylate + NADPH	glycolate + NADP+		Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	-	684141	-	-	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Paracoccus denitrificans	-	-	287375	-	287375	?, r
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	-	-	669886	-	-	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	287380	-	287380	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Sus scrofa	-	-	287376	-	287376	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Sus scrofa	-	-	287377	-	287377	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287376	-	287376	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287378	-	287378	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287379	-	287379	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287383	-	287383	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287376	-	287376	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287378	-	287378	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287379	-	287379	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287383	-	287383	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Hordeum vulgare	-	-	287368	-	287368	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Hordeum vulgare	-	-	287371	-	287371	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286505	-	286505	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286510	-	286510	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287372	-	287372	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287373	-	287373	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286505	-	286505	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286510	-	286510	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287372	-	287372	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287373	-	287373	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287374	-	287374	?, ir
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Pisum sativum	-	-	287373	-	287373	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Zea mays	-	-	287370	-	287370	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Cucumis sativus	-	-	286510	-	286510	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287382	-	287382	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287381	-	287381	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287382	-	287382	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287381	-	287381	r
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Cucurbita pepo, Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris	-	-	287372	-	287372	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium organophilum, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	-	286510	-	286510	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	-	287364	-	287364	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286510	-	286510	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	287369	-	287369	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286508	-	286508	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286510	-	286510	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	287369	-	287369	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1	-	-	287365	-	287365	?
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	cofactor NADPH, 80% of activity with NADH, rate of oxidation reaction: 1.5% of reduction reaction only with cofactor NADH	286508	-	286508	r
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736	-	-	?
hydroxypyruvate + NADH	D-glycerate + NAD+		Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	-	684141	-	-	?
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+	D-glycerate + NAD+		Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	-	-	?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH	D-glycerate + NADP+		Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	-	684141	-	-	?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH	D-glycerate + NADP+		Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736	-	-	?
oxaloacetate + NAD(P)H	malate + NAD(P)+		Paracoccus denitrificans	-	33 mM, 32% of activity with hydroxypyruvate	287375	-	287375	?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+	D-glycerate + NADP+		Methylobacterium sp.	-	key enzyme of the serine cycle	688165	-	-	?
additional information	?	-	Homo sapiens	-	enzyme deficiency leads to primary hyperoxaluria type 2 with increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones, and renal failure	669886	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Mus musculus	-	the enzyme is transcriptionally regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARalpha, in liver, overview	669886	-	-	-
additional information	?	-	Homo sapiens	-	structural basis of enzyme substrate specificity, active site structure and substrate binding, no activity with pyruvate, overview	669886	-	-	-

NATURAL SUBSTRATES	NATURAL PRODUCTS	REACTION DIAGRAM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY SUBSTRATE	LITERATURE (Substrate)	COMMENTARY PRODUCT	LITERATURE (Product)
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Mus musculus	-	-	669886	-	-
glyoxylate + NAD(P)H	glycolate + NAD(P)+		Homo sapiens	-	the enzyme is involved in removal of the metabolic by-product from liver	669886	-	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Paracoccus denitrificans	-	-	287375	-	287375
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Mus musculus, Homo sapiens	-	-	669886	-	-
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Rattus norvegicus	-	-	287380	-	287380
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Sus scrofa	-	-	287376	-	287376
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Sus scrofa	-	-	287377	-	287377
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287376	-	287376
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287378	-	287378
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287379	-	287379
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Bos taurus	-	-	287383	-	287383
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Hordeum vulgare	-	-	287368	-	287368
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Hordeum vulgare	-	-	287371	-	287371
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286505	-	286505
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286510	-	286510
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287372	-	287372
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287373	-	287373
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287374	-	287374
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Pisum sativum	-	-	287373	-	287373
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Zea mays	-	-	287370	-	287370
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Cucumis sativus	-	-	286510	-	286510
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287381	-	287381
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287382	-	287382
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Cucurbita pepo, Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris	-	-	287372	-	287372
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium organophilum, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	-	286510	-	286510
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	-	287364	-	287364
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286510	-	286510
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	287369	-	287369
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1	-	-	287365	-	287365
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	cofactor NADPH, 80% of activity with NADH, rate of oxidation reaction: 1.5% of reduction reaction only with cofactor NADH	286508	-	286508
hydroxypyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+	D-glycerate + NAD(P)+		Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	-	700736	-	-
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+	D-glycerate + NAD+		Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	-	-
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+	D-glycerate + NADP+		Methylobacterium sp.	-	key enzyme of the serine cycle	688165	-	-
additional information	?	-	Homo sapiens	-	enzyme deficiency leads to primary hyperoxaluria type 2 with increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones, and renal failure	669886	-	-
additional information	?	-	Mus musculus	-	the enzyme is transcriptionally regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARalpha, in liver, overview	669886	-	-

COFACTOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
NADH	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	-	-	669886	2D-image
NADH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	enzyme has a higher affinity for NADPH than for NADH when incubated without substrate	684141	2D-image
NADH	Chlorella vulgaris	-	dependent on	695413	2D-image
NADH	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	; 4fold lower activity with HPR2 compared to NADPH	700736	2D-image
NADPH	Homo sapiens	-	binding structure	669886	2D-image
NADPH	Mus musculus	-	-	669886	2D-image
NADPH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	enzyme has a higher affinity for NADPH than for NADH when incubated without substrate	684141	2D-image
NADPH	Methylobacterium sp.	-	-	688165	2D-image
NADPH	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	preferred cofactor of HPR2; shows some reactivity with NADPH	700736	2D-image

METALS and IONS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

INHIBITORS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 83% and 91% inhibition of hydroxypyruvate reduction and D-glycerate oxidation respectively	287379	2D-image
2-phospho-DL-glycerate	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 93% and 81% inhibition of hydroxypyruvate reduction and D-glycerate oxidation respectively	287379	2D-image
3-phospho-D-glycerate	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 53% and 65% inhibition of hydroxypyruvate reduction and D-glycerate oxidation respectively	287379	2D-image
Ag+	Bos taurus	-	0.1 mM, complete inhibition	287379	2D-image
alpha-D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate	Bos taurus	-	0.1 mM, 28% and 74% inhibition of hydroxypyruvate reduction and D-glycerate oxidation respectively	287379	2D-image
ATP	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 62% and 64% inhibition of liver and spinal cord enzyme respectively, 73% and 89% inhibition of hydroxypyruvate reduction and D-glycerate oxidation respectively	287376, 287379	2D-image
bromide	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	33 mM, 38% inhibition	287375	2D-image
bromide	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 70% inhibition of D-glycerate oxidation	287378	2D-image
citrate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	5 mM, 20% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction, 25% of NADPH linked reduction	286508	2D-image
citrate	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	competitive vs. hydroxypyruvate	287375	2D-image
Cl-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 50% inhibition of D-glycerate oxidation	287378	2D-image
CTP	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 73% and 71% inhibition of liver and spinal cord enzyme respectively	287376	2D-image
D-Glycerate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	5 mM, 20% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction, 40% of NADPH linked reduction	286508	2D-image
D-Glycerate	Homo sapiens	-	the enzyme shows product inhibition	669886	2D-image
glycine	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	287380	2D-image
glycolate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	5 mM, 15% of NADPH linked reduction	286508	2D-image
glyoxylate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	10 mM, 55% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction, 15% of NADPH linked reduction, 80% of NAD+ linked glycerate oxidation	286508	2D-image
GTP	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 94% and 93% inhibition of liver and spinal cord enzyme respectively	287376	2D-image
Hg2+	Bos taurus	-	0.1 mM, complete inhibition	287379	2D-image
Hydroxypyruvate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	0.5 mM, 90% of NAD+ linked glycerate oxidation	286508	2D-image
Hydroxypyruvate	Hordeum vulgare	-	2 mM, 79% inhibition of enzyme activity in LaPr 88/29 mutant which lacks NADH-prefering hydroxypyruvate reductase	287368	2D-image
Hydroxypyruvate	Bos taurus	-	substrate inhibition at high concentrations	287378	2D-image
Iodide	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	33 mM, 39% inhibition	287375	2D-image
NAD+	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	4 mM, 10% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction, 60% of NADPH linked reduction	286508	2D-image
NADP+	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	4 mM, 15% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction, 40% of NADPH linked reduction, 8% of NAD+ linked glycerate oxidation	286508	2D-image
NaNO3	Bos taurus	-	80 mM, 50% inhibition	287383	2D-image
NO3-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 87% inhibition of D-glycerate oxidation	287378	2D-image
oxalate	Spinacia oleracea	-	2 mM, 90% inhibition	286505	2D-image
oxalate	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	2D-image
oxalate	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	; strong inhibition of HPR2	700736	2D-image
oxaloacetate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	2.5 mM, 10% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction, 20% of NADPH linked reduction	286508	2D-image
p-chloromercuribenzoate	Bos taurus	-	0.1 mM, complete inhibition	287379	2D-image
Phosphohydroxypyruvate	Spinacia oleracea	-	2 mM, 44-71% inhibition	286505	2D-image
Phosphohydroxypyruvate	Bos taurus	-	0.025 mM, 66% and 64% inhibition of liver and spinal cord enzyme respectively	287376	2D-image
pyruvate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	10 mM, 40% inhibition of NADH linked hydroxypyruvate reduction	286508	2D-image
pyruvate	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 73% and 89% inhibition of hydroxypyruvate reduction and D-glycerate oxidation respectively	287379	2D-image
serine	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	287380	2D-image
SO42-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 55% inhibition of D-glycerate oxidation	287378	2D-image
Sodium bisulfite	Delftia acidovorans	-	0.01 mM, 16% inhibition, 0.1 mM, 67% inhibition	287381	2D-image
Tartronate	Spinacia oleracea	-	2 mM, 30-55% inhibition	286505	2D-image
Tartronate	Hordeum vulgare	-	2 mM, 83% inhibition of enzyme activity in LaPr 88/29 mutant which lacks NADH-prefering hydroxypyruvate reductase	287368	2D-image
UTP	Bos taurus	-	1 mM, 83% and 84% inhibition of liver and spinal cord enzyme respectively	287376	2D-image
Iodide	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 90% inhibition of D-glycerate oxidation	287378	2D-image
additional information	Spinacia oleracea	-	not inhibited by 2 mM acetohydroxamate	287374	-

ACTIVATING COMPOUND	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
Br-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 10fold activation of hydroxypyruvate reduction	287378	2D-image
Br-	Delftia acidovorans	-	2fold activation	287381	2D-image
Cl-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 9fold activation of hydroxypyruvate reduction	287378	2D-image
Cl-	Delftia acidovorans	-	2fold activation	287381	2D-image
CsCl	Bos taurus	-	80 mM, 3fold increase in hydroxypyruvate reductase activity	287383	2D-image
F-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 67% activation of hydroxypyruvate reduction	287378	2D-image
I-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 9fold activation of hydroxypyruvate reduction	287378	2D-image
I-	Delftia acidovorans	-	2.5fold activation	287381	2D-image
KCl	Bos taurus	-	80 mM, 9fold increase in hydroxypyruvate reductase activity	287383	2D-image
N,N'-diphenylurea	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	-
N6-benzyladenine	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	2D-image
NaCl	Bos taurus	-	80 mM, 8fold increase in hydroxypyruvate reductase activity, reaction rate increases with an increase in NaCl concentration up to 200 mM, but diminishes if the salt concentration is greater	287383	2D-image
NO3-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 8fold activation of hydroxypyruvate reduction	287378	2D-image
NO3-	Delftia acidovorans	-	2fold activation	287381	2D-image
SO42-	Bos taurus	-	100 mM, 3fold activation of hydroxypyruvate reduction	287378	2D-image
SO42-	Delftia acidovorans	-	2fold activation	287381	2D-image
trans-zeatin	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	2D-image
kinetin	Chlorella vulgaris	-	-	695413	2D-image
additional information	Chlorella vulgaris	-	in the dark, cytokinins mimic the regulatory effect of light upon algal cell division, metabolite content and stimulate carbon recycling for Calvin cycle reactions by enhancing of light-dependent NADH-HPR activity by up to 62%, overview	695413	-

KM VALUE [mM]	KM VALUE [mM] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
0.522	-	D-Glycerate	Bos taurus	-	D-glycerate oxidation, 50 mM, NaCl, pH 9	287383	2D-image
1.4	-	DL-glycerate	Bos taurus	-	-	287379	2D-image
2.6	-	glycerate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286508	2D-image
0.0038	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Bos taurus	-	value increases with NaCl concentrations higher than 10 mM	287383	2D-image
0.004	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Bos taurus	-	-	287379	2D-image
0.08	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Hordeum vulgare	-	enzyme activity of wild-type in 40-60% precipitate fractions after ammonium sulfate fractionation	287368	2D-image
0.1	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	cofactor NADH	286508	2D-image
0.1	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Bos taurus	-	-	287376	2D-image
0.11	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Zea mays	-	ammonium sulfate fractionated leaf extracts, 45-60% fraction	287370	2D-image
0.13	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Delftia acidovorans	-	with 0.15 mM NADPH	287381	2D-image
0.13	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287382	2D-image
0.175	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	native enzyme	287364	2D-image
0.189	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	purified recombinant enzyme	287364	2D-image
0.71	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Hordeum vulgare	-	enzyme activity of LaPr 88/29 mutant which lacks NADH-prefering hydroxypyruvate reductase in 40-60% precipitate fractions after ammonium sulfate fractionation	287368	2D-image
0.8	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Spinacia oleracea	-	at pH 6.0	287374	2D-image
1.25	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	cofactor NADPH	286508	2D-image
2.1	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Delftia acidovorans	-	with 0.15 mM NADH	287381	2D-image
2.1	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287382	2D-image
10	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	enzyme in high-salt fraction of DEAE-cellulose chromatography	287369	2D-image
40	-	Hydroxypyruvate	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	enzyme in low-salt fraction of DEAE-cellulose chromatography	287369	2D-image
0.077	-	NAD+	Bos taurus	-	-	287379	2D-image
0.22	-	NAD+	Bos taurus	-	D-glycerate oxidation, 50 mM, NaCl, pH 9	287383	2D-image
0.0061	-	NADH	Bos taurus	-	-	287383	2D-image
0.013	-	NADH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with hydroxypyruvate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
0.015	-	NADH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
0.04	-	NADH	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286508	2D-image
0.055	-	NADH	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	native enzyme	287364	2D-image
0.064	-	NADH	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	purified recombinant enzyme	287364	2D-image
0.112	-	NADH	Bos taurus	-	-	287376	2D-image
0.24	-	NADH	Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287381	2D-image
0.037	-	NADP+	Bos taurus	-	-	287379	2D-image
0.015	-	NADPH	Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287381	2D-image
0.018	-	NADPH	Bos taurus	-	-	287376	2D-image
0.021	-	NADPH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
0.025	-	NADPH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with hydroxypyruvate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
0.06	-	NADPH	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286508	2D-image

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]	TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s]	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
4.1	-	NADH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with hydroxypyruvate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
11	-	NADH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
1.8	-	NADPH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with hydroxypyruvate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image
2.4	-	NADPH	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.5	684141	2D-image

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1] Maximum	SUBSTRATE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]	Ki VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

IC50 VALUE [mM]	IC50 VALUE [mM] Maximum	INHIBITOR	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]	SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
0.0162	-	Hordeum vulgare	-	enzyme activity in crude leaf extracts of LaPr 88/29 mutant which exhibits no NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate activity	287371
0.054	-	Hordeum vulgare	-	enzyme activity in leaf extracts of LaPr 88/29 mutant which lacks NADH-prefering hydroxypyruvate reductase	287368
0.068	-	Hordeum vulgare	-	enzyme activity in leaf extracts of wild type	287368
0.077	-	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	oxidation of glycerate	287375
0.0834	-	Hordeum vulgare	-	enzyme activity in crude leaf extracts of wild type	287371
0.1	-	Cucumis sativus	-	in cell-free extracts	286510
0.135	-	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	cofactor NADH	287375
0.33	-	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	cofactor NADPH	287375
0.745	-	Sus scrofa	-	-	287377
0.9	-	Spinacia oleracea	-	in cell-free extracts	286510
1.06	-	Zea mays	-	ammonium sulfate fractionated leaf extracts, 45-60% fraction	287370
1.5	-	Methylobacterium organophilum	-	in cell-free extracts	286510
1.7	-	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	in cell-free extracts	286510
1.9	-	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	in cell-free extracts	286510
2.67	-	Bos taurus	-	-	287379
13.01	-	Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1	-	enzyme activity in leaf tissue	287365
14.6	-	Delftia acidovorans	-	-	287381, 287382
101	-	Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287372
104.8	-	Bos taurus	-	-	287376
257	-	Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287374
260	-	Spinacia oleracea	-	-	286505
675	-	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	-	286508
943	-	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	-	287364

pH OPTIMUM	pH MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
4.5	-	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	broad optimum between pH 4.0 and 6.5 for hydroxypyruvate reduction	286508
5	-	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	sharp peak	287375
5.3	-	Delftia acidovorans	-	sharp drop of activity below and above	287381
6.2	-	Chlorella vulgaris	-	assay at	695413
6.5	-	Delftia acidovorans	-	hydroxypyruvate reduction	287382
7	-	Bos taurus	-	hydroxypyruvate reduction	287379
7.5	-	Homo sapiens	-	assay at	669886
9	11	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	glycerate oxidation	286508
9.3	-	Bos taurus	-	D-glycerate oxidation	287379

pH RANGE	pH RANGE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
5.3	-	Delftia acidovorans	-	sharp drop of activity below and above	287381
5.5	6	Spinacia oleracea	-	strong decrease above	287374

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM	TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
25	-	Chlorella vulgaris	-	assay at	695413

TEMPERATURE RANGE	TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

pI VALUE	pI VALUE MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE	SOURCE
brain	Rattus norvegicus	-	-	287380
cell culture	Chlorella vulgaris	-	axenic cultures	695413
kidney	Mus musculus	-	-	669886
leaf	Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1	-	-	287365
leaf	Hordeum vulgare	-	-	287368, 287371
leaf	Zea mays	-	mainly localized in bundle sheet cells	287370
leaf	Spinacia oleracea	-	-	287372, 287374
leaf	Cucurbita pepo	-	-	287372
leaf	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	; both HPR1 and HPR2 (EC 1.1.1.81) are the major hydroxypyruvate-reducing enzymes in leaves	700736
liver	Bos taurus	-	-	287376, 287378
liver	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	-	-	669886
shoot	Brassica napus	-	-	705820
spinal cord	Sus scrofa	-	-	287376, 287377
spinal cord	Bos taurus	-	-	287376

LOCALIZATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	GeneOntology No.	LITERATURE	SOURCE
cytosol	Pisum sativum	-	about 70% of NADPH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase activity is localized in the cytosol, minor activities in chlorplasts and peroxisomes	5829	287373
cytosol	Spinacia oleracea	-	-	5829	287373
cytosol	Mus musculus	-	-	5829	669886
cytosol	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	HPR2	5829	700736
peroxisome	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	HPR!	5777	700736

PDB	SCOP	CATH	ORGANISM
3kbo, download	SCOP (3kbo)	CATH (3kbo)	Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)
3pp8, download	SCOP (3pp8)	CATH (3pp8)	Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)

MOLECULAR WEIGHT	MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
45000	-	Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris	-	immunoprecipitation	287372
50000	-	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	gel filtration, two enzymes in low and high salt fractions after DEAE-cellulose chromatography	287369
70000	-	Spinacia oleracea	-	gel filtration	287374
71000	-	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	gradient PAGE	286508
72000	-	Bos taurus	-	sedimentation velocity analysis	287379
76500	-	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	analytical ultracentrifugation	684141

SUBUNITS	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
?	Methylobacterium sp.	-	x * 34000, SDS-PAGE	688165
?	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	x * 43200, HPR2, SDS-PAGE	700736
dimer	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	2 * 37000, SDS-PAGE	286508
dimer	Spinacia oleracea	-	2 * 38000, SDS-PAGE	287374
dimer	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	x * 38000, SDS-PAGE, native mass by analytical ultracentrifugation	684141
monomer	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	1 * 50000, SDS-PAGE, two enzymes in low and high salt fractions after DEAE-cellulose chromatography	287369

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
purified detagged recombinant enzyme in ternary complex with product D-glycerate and cofactor NADPH, sitting drop vapour diffusion method, 5.5 mg/ml protein in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.2 mM NADPH, and 0.5 mm di-sodium oxalate, mixed with mother liquor, containing 15% w/v PEG 8000, 0.2 M ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, pH 6.5, to 0.002 ml drops, 18�C, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.2 A resolution	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	-	669886
sitting drop vapor diffusion method in the presence of NAD, crystal structure analysis reveals tightly bound NADP(H) at the enzyme originating from Escherichia coli expression, which is not replaceable by NAD	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	684141

pH STABILITY	pH STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

TEMPERATURE STABILITY	TEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
42	-	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	half-life of 35 min in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0	287375

GENERAL STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
dithiothreitol stabilizes	Bos taurus	-	287379
activity is slowly lost on storage at -15�C interspersed with frequent thawing and re-freezing, about 20% activity is lost over 8 cycles of freezing and thawing	Paracoccus denitrificans	-	287375

ORGANIC SOLVENT	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
4�C, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10% glycerol, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 2 months, 10% loss of activity	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-	286508
-20�C, 20 mM MOPS, pH 7.1, 14 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 50% glycerol	Spinacia oleracea	-	287374

Purification/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography, the His-tag is cleaved by thrombin followed by gel filtration, over 95% purity	Homo sapiens	-	669886
recombinant His-tag protein from Escherichia coli	Methylobacterium sp.	-	688165
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography, the His-tag is cleaved by thrombin followed by gel filtration, over 95% purity	Mus musculus	-	669886
recombinant protein from Escherichia coli	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	684141

Cloned/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli; recombinant expression of GFP-tagged HPR2 in transgenic Arabidospsis thaliana plants	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	700736
expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli	Homo sapiens	-	669886
expressed in Escherichia coli	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	-	287364
expressed as His-tag fusion protein in Escherichia coli Turner (DE3); expressed in host strain to create the new strain Methylobacterium sp. MB201, 2fold increase in glyoxylate production	Methylobacterium sp.	-	688165
gene GRHPR, localization of chromosome 9q12, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic structure and promoter analysis, expression analysis, expression as GFP-fusion protein in the cytosol of HEK293 cells, co-expression with PPARalpha in HepG2 cells and regulation, overview	Mus musculus	-	669886
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL and Escherichia coli B834(DE3)pRARE	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	-	684141

EXPRESSION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
promoter region of AtHPR1 is characterized. Promoter contains the core motif of the dehydration-responsive cis-acting element and AtHPR1 expression is inducible by drought stress	Brassica napus	-	705820

ENGINEERING	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
G160R	Homo sapiens	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
G165D	Homo sapiens	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
M322R	Homo sapiens	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
R302C	Homo sapiens	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
G160R	Mus musculus	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
G165D	Mus musculus	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
M322R	Mus musculus	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
R302C	Mus musculus	-	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme	669886
additional information	Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9C9W5, Q9CA90	construction of hpr1 knockout and hpr2 knockout. Deletion of HPR2 results in elevated levels of hydroxypyruvate and other metabolites in leaves, photosynthetic gas exchange is slightly altered, especially under long-day conditions. Deletion of HPR1 does not show a severe phenotype, overview. The combined deletion of HPR1 and HPR2 is detrimental to air-grown mutants and alters steady state metabolite profiles, phenotypes, overview. The most prominent naturally occuring mutation causes the decrease in Ala content coupled with enhanced levels of Arg, Asn, and Asp in the hpr1 mutant and the double knockout plant; HPR1 knockout plants show slight visually noticeable impairments in air. Under shorter daylengths of 8 h, somewhat slower growth of the hpr1 mutants than of the wild-type, in combination with an approximately 4-week delay in bolting. Combined deletion of both HPR1 and HPR2 (EC 1.1.1.81) results in distinct air-sensitivity and a dramatic reduction in photosynthetic performance	700736

Renatured/COMMENTARY	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATION	ORGANISM	UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.	COMMENTARY	LITERATURE
biotechnology	Brassica napus	-	conditional and specific down-regulation of farnesyltransferase in canola using the AtHPR1 promoter driving an RNAi construct results in yield protection against drought stress in the field	705820
synthesis	Methylobacterium sp.	-	potential application in the enzymatic synthesis of glyoxylate	688165

DISEASE	TITLE OF PUBLICATION	LINK TO PUBMED
Hyperoxaluria, Primary	Identification of missense, nonsense, and deletion mutations in the GRHPR gene in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type II (PH2).	PubMed
Hyperoxaluria, Primary	The gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is mutated in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type II.	PubMed
Obesity	Discovering disease-associated enzymes by proteome reactivity profiling.	PubMed

REF.	AUTHORS	TITLE	JOURNAL	VOL.	PAGES	YEAR	ORGANISM	LINK TO PUBMED	SOURCE
286505	Kleczkowski, L.A.; Randall, D.D.; Edwards, G.E.	Oxalate as a potent and selective inhibitor of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf NADPH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase	Biochem. J.	276	125-127	1991	Spinacia oleracea	PubMed
286508	Chistoserdova, L.V.; Lidstrom, M.E.	Purification and characterization of hydroxypyruvate reductase from the facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	J. Bacteriol.	173	7228-7232	1991	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	PubMed
286510	Hagishita, T.; Yoshida, T.; Izumi, Y.; Mitsunaga, T.	Immunological characterization of serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and hydroxypyruvate reductase from a methylotrophic bacterium, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	FEMS Microbiol. Lett.	142	49-52	1996	Cucumis sativus, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2, Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, Methylobacterium organophilum, Spinacia oleracea	PubMed
287364	Yoshida, T.; Yamaguchi, K.; Hagishata, T.; Miyata, T.; Tanabe, T.; Toh, H.; Oshiro, T.; Shimao, M.; Itumi, Y.	Cloning and expression of the gene for hydroxypyruvate reductase (D-glycerate dehydrogenase) from an obligate methylotroph Hyphomicrobium methyovorum GM2	Eur. J. Biochem.	223	727-732	1994	Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2	PubMed
287365	Oliver, M.J.; Ferguson, D.L.; Burke, J.J.; Velten, J.	Inhibition of tobacco NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase by expression of a heterologous antisense RNA derived from a cucumber cDNA: implications for the mechanism of action of antisense RNAs	Mol. Gen. Genet.	239	425-434	1993	Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1	PubMed
287368	Kleczkowski, L.A.; Edwards, G.E.; Blackwell, R.D.; Lea, P.J.; Givan, C.V.	Enzymology of the reduction of hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate in a mutant of barley lacking peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase	Plant Physiol.	94	819-825	1990	Hordeum vulgare	PubMed
287369	Krema, C.; Lidstrom, M.E.	Hydroxypyruvate reductase from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	Methods Enzymol.	188	373-378	1990	Methylobacterium extorquens AM1	-
287370	Kleczkowski, L.A.; Edwards, G.E.	Identification of hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate reductase in maize leaves	Plant Physiol.	91	278-288	1989	Zea mays	PubMed
287371	Murray, A.J.S.; Blackwell, R.D.; Lea, P.J.	Metabolism of hydroxypyruvate in a mutant of barley lacking NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase, an important photorespiratory enzyme activity	Plant Physiol.	91	395-400	1989	Hordeum vulgare	PubMed
287372	Sautter, C.; Sautter, E.; Hock, B.	Import of peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase into glyoxysomes	Planta	176	149-158	1988	Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris, Cucurbita pepo, Spinacia oleracea	-
287373	Kleczkowski, L.A.; Givan, C.V.; Hodgson, J.M.; Randall, D.D.	Subcellular location of NADPH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase activity in leaf protoplasts of Pisum sativum L. and its role in photorespiratory metabolism	Plant Physiol.	88	1182-1185	1988	Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea	PubMed
287374	Kleczkowski, L.A.; Randall, D.D.	Purification and characterization of a novel NADPH(NADH)-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase from spinach leaves. Comparison of immunological properties of leaf hydroxypyruvate reductases	Biochem. J.	250	145-152	1988	Spinacia oleracea	PubMed
287375	Bamforth, C.W.; Quayle, J.R.	Hydroxypyruvate reductase activity in Paracoccus denitrificans	J. Gen. Microbiol.	101	259-267	1977	Paracoccus denitrificans	-
287376	Feld, R.D.; Sallach, H.J.	Comparison of D-glycerate dehydrogenases from beef liver, beef spinal cord and hog spinal cord	Arch. Biochem. Biophys.	166	417-425	1975	Bos taurus, Sus scrofa	PubMed
287377	Feld, R.D.; Sallach, H.J.	D-Glycerate dehydrogenase from hog spinal cord	Methods Enzymol.	41B	289-293	1975	Sus scrofa	PubMed
287378	Sugimoto, E.; Kitagawa, Y.; Hirose, M.; Chiba, H.	Mechanisms of inhibition and activation of beef liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase by inorganic anions	J. Biochem.	72	1317-1325	1972	Bos taurus	PubMed
287379	Sugimoto, E.; Kitagawa, Y.; Nakanishi, K.; Chiba, H.	Purification and properties of beef liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase	J. Biochem.	72	1307-1315	1972	Bos taurus	PubMed
287380	Uhr, M.L.; Sneddon, M.K.	Glycine and serine inhibition of D-glycerate dehydrogenase and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase of rat brain	FEBS Lett.	17	137-140	1971	Rattus norvegicus	PubMed
287381	Kohn, L.D.; Jakoby, W.B.	Tartaric acid metabolism. VII. Crystalline hydroxypyruvate reductase (D-glycerate dehydrogenase)	J. Biol. Chem.	243	2494-2499	1968	Delftia acidovorans	PubMed
287382	Kohn, L.D.; Jakoby, W.B.	Hydroxypyruvate reductase (D-glycerate dehydrogenase; crystalline) Pseudomonas	Methods Enzymol.	9	229-232	1966	Delftia acidovorans	-
287383	Coderch, R.; Lluis, C.; Bozal, J.	Effect of salts on D-glycerate dehydrogenase kinetic behavior	Biochim. Biophys. Acta	566	21-31	1979	Bos taurus	PubMed
669886	Booth, M.P.; Conners, R.; Rumsby, G.; Brady, R.L.	Structural basis of substrate specificity in human glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase	J. Mol. Biol.	360	178-189	2006	Homo sapiens, Mus musculus	PubMed
684141	Yoshikawa, S.; Arai, R.; Kinoshita, Y.; Uchikubo-Kamo, T.; Wakamatsu, T.; Akasaka, R.; Masui, R.; Terada, T.; Kuramitsu, S.; Shirouzu, M.; Yokoyama, S.	Structure of archaeal glyoxylate reductase from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 complexed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate	Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D	63	357-365	2007	Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3	PubMed
688165	Shen, P.H.; Wu, B.	Over-expression of a hydroxypyruvate reductase in Methylobacterium sp. MB200 enhances glyoxylate accumulation	J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.	34	657-663	2007	Methylobacterium sp.	PubMed
695413	Piotrowska, A.; Czerpak, R.	Cellular response of light/dark-grown green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorophyceae) to exogenous adenine- and phenylurea-type cytokinins	Acta Physiol. Plant.	31	573-585	2009	Chlorella vulgaris	-
700736	Timm, S.; Nunes-Nesi, A.; Paernik, T.; Morgenthal, K.; Wienkoop, S.; Keerberg, O.; Weckwerth, W.; Kleczkowski, L.A.; Fernie, A.R.; Bauwe, H.	A cytosolic pathway for the conversion of hydroxypyruvate to glycerate during photorespiration in Arabidopsis	Plant Cell	20	2848-2859	2008	Arabidopsis thaliana	PubMed
705820	Wang, Y.; Beaith, M.; Chalifoux, M.; Ying, J.; Uchacz, T.; Sarvas, C.; Griffiths, R.; Kuzma, M.; Wan, J.; Huang, Y.	Shoot-specific down-regulation of protein farnesyltransferase (alpha-subunit) for yield protection against drought in canola	Mol. Plant	2	191-200	2009	Brassica napus	PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.1.1.81)

NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature

PROSITE Database of protein families and domains

SYSTERS

Protein Mutant Database

InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)

All organisms
Arabidopsis thaliana
Bos taurus
Brassica napus
Chlorella vulgaris
Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris
Cucumis sativus
Cucurbita pepo
Delftia acidovorans
Homo sapiens
Hordeum vulgare
Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2
Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
Methylobacterium organophilum
Methylobacterium sp.
Methylobacterium sp. MB200
Mus musculus
Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR1
Paracoccus denitrificans
Pisum sativum
Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3
Rattus norvegicus
Spinacia oleracea
Sus scrofa
Zea mays