Information on EC 1.1.1.56 - ribitol 2-dehydrogenase:
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The lowest common taxonomy group for this enzyme is: Bacteria

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EC NUMBERCOMMENTARY
1.1.1.56-

RECOMMENDED NAMEGeneOntology No.
ribitol 2-dehydrogenaseGO:0050255

REACTIONREACTION DIAGRAMCOMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
ribitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		----

REACTION TYPEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
oxidation----
redox reaction----
reduction----

PATHWAYKEGG LinkMetaCyc Link
ribitol degradation-RIBITOLUTIL-PWY

SYSTEMATIC NAMEIUBMB Comments
ribitol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase-

SYNONYMSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
adonitol dehydrogenase----
RDH----
ribitol dehydrogenase AEnterobacter aerogenes-wild type287115
ribitol dehydrogenase BEnterobacter aerogenes-mutant enzyme with different properties287115, 287120
ribitol dehydrogenase DEnterobacter aerogenes-mutant enzyme with different properties287115

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERCOMMENTARY
9014-23-7-

ORGANISMCOMMENTARYLITERATURESEQUENCE CODESEQUENCE DB SOURCE
Enterobacter aerogenes-287115, 287116, 287118, 287119, 287121, 287123, 287124--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Enterobacter aerogenesinducible enzyme; mutants with constitutive enzyme287120, 287122--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gluconobacter oxydans-287127--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mycobacterium sp.-287117--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Pantoea agglomerans-287126--Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Rhodobacter sphaeroides-287125--Manually annotated by BRENDA team

GENERAL INFORMATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

SUBSTRATEPRODUCT                      REACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY/
Substrate		 LITERATURE/
Substrate		 COMMENTARY/
Product		 LITERATURE/
Product		 Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
allitol + NAD+D-psicose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126-287126r
D-arabitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125--?
D-arabitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287122--?
D-arabitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Gluconobacter oxydans--287127-287127?
D-glucitol + NAD+? + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125--?
D-sorbitol + NAD+L-sorbose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126--?
D-sorbitol + NAD+L-sorbose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Gluconobacter oxydans--287127-287127?
erythritol + NAD+? + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125--?
erythritol + NAD+? + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126--?
L-arabitol + NAD+L-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287120--?
L-arabitol + NAD+L-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287123-287123r
L-arabitol + NAD+L-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126---
L-arabitol + NAD+L-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Gluconobacter oxydans--287127---
L-talitol + NAD+L-tagatose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126-287126r
ribitol + NAD+D-ribulose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125---
ribitol + NAD+D-ribulose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287118, 287121---
ribitol + NAD+D-ribulose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287115, 287120, 287122--?
ribitol + NAD+D-ribulose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126---
ribitol + NAD+D-ribulose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Gluconobacter oxydans--287127---
xylitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125-287125?
xylitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287121--?
xylitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287123-287123r
xylitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Pantoea agglomerans--287126--?
xylitol + NAD+D-xylulose + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes-mutants have increased xylitol activity287115, 287120--?

NATURAL SUBSTRATESNATURAL PRODUCTSREACTION DIAGRAMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY SUBSTRATELITERATURE
(Substrate)		COMMENTARY PRODUCTLITERATURE
(Product)
ribitol + NAD+D-ribulose + NADH
show the reaction diagram		Enterobacter aerogenes--287120, 287122--

COFACTORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATUREIMAGE
NAD+Enterobacter aerogenes--287119, 287120, 287121, 287123, 287124 2D-image
NAD+Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125 2D-image
NAD+Pantoea agglomerans--287126 2D-image
NAD+Gluconobacter oxydans--287127 2D-image
NADHEnterobacter aerogenes--287120, 287121, 287122, 287123, 287124 2D-image
NADHRhodobacter sphaeroides--287125 2D-image
NADHGluconobacter oxydans--287127 2D-image

METALS and IONS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARY LITERATURE
Na+Pantoea agglomerans-slight increase287126
Sn2+Pantoea agglomerans-slight increase287126
Zn2+Mycobacterium sp.-activation287117
Mg2+Enterobacter aerogenes-0.02 M, requirement287123
additional informationEnterobacter aerogenes-bacterial enzyme has no requirement for Zn2+287119
additional informationEnterobacter aerogenes-no requirement for metal ions287121
additional informationRhodobacter sphaeroides--287125

INHIBITORSORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
2-mercaptoethanolEnterobacter aerogenes-competitive to ribitol287121 2D-image
Ag+Pantoea agglomerans-complete inhibition287126 2D-image
Chelating agentsMycobacterium sp.--287117 2D-image
Cu2+Pantoea agglomerans-10-20% inhibition287126 2D-image
diethyldithiocarbamateEnterobacter aerogenes-50% inhibition at a concentration of 50 mM287121 2D-image
dithiothreitolEnterobacter aerogenes--287121 2D-image
Hg2+Enterobacter aerogenes-protection by NAD+287121 2D-image
Hg2+Pantoea agglomerans-10-20% inhibition287126 2D-image
Ni2+Pantoea agglomerans-10-20% inhibition287126 2D-image
o-phenanthrolineEnterobacter aerogenes-50% inhibition at a concentration of 50 mM287121 2D-image
p-chloromercuribenzoateEnterobacter aerogenes--287121 2D-image
p-mercuribenzoateEnterobacter aerogenes-reversible by L-cysteine287124 2D-image
Zn2+Pantoea agglomerans-10-20% inhibition287126 2D-image

ACTIVATING COMPOUNDORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
Sulfhydryl compoundsEnterobacter aerogenes-requirement287123 2D-image

KM VALUE [mM]KM VALUE [mM] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
107-allitolPantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
0.8-D-ribuloseGluconobacter oxydans-pH 9.5, 25°C287127 2D-image
1.1-D-ribuloseRhodobacter sphaeroides-pH 9, 30°C287125 2D-image
12.5-D-xyluloseRhodobacter sphaeroides-pH 9, 30°C287125 2D-image
84.2-L-ArabitolPantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
147-L-ArabitolEnterobacter aerogenes-pH 7287120 2D-image
233-L-mannitolPantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
1.5-L-ribuloseGluconobacter oxydans-pH 9.5, 25°C287127 2D-image
178-L-sorbitolPantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
0.8-L-xyluloseGluconobacter oxydans-pH 9.5, 25°C287127 2D-image
0.077-NAD+Rhodobacter sphaeroides-pH 9, 30°C287125 2D-image
0.08-NAD+Gluconobacter oxydans-pH 9.5, 25°C287127 2D-image
0.1-NAD+Enterobacter aerogenes-pH 11287121 2D-image
2.36-NAD+Pantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
0.02-NADHGluconobacter oxydans-pH 9.5, 25°C287127 2D-image
1.2-ribitolGluconobacter oxydans-pH 9.5, 25°C287127 2D-image
5-ribitolEnterobacter aerogenes-pH 11287121 2D-image
6.3-ribitolRhodobacter sphaeroides-pH 9, 30°C287125 2D-image
8-ribitolEnterobacter aerogenes-pH 7287120 2D-image
32.2-ribitolPantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
77-xylitolRhodobacter sphaeroides-pH 9, 30°C287125 2D-image
273-xylitolPantoea agglomerans-pH 9, 30°C287126 2D-image
579-xylitolEnterobacter aerogenes-pH 7287120 2D-image
1000-xylitolEnterobacter aerogenes-pH 11287121 2D-image

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s] TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM[1/s] SUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
28-L-ArabitolEnterobacter aerogenes--287120 2D-image
299-ribitolEnterobacter aerogenes--287120 2D-image
36-xylitolEnterobacter aerogenes--287120 2D-image

kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1] MaximumSUBSTRATEORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

Ki VALUE [mM]Ki VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

IC50 VALUE [mM]IC50 VALUE [mM] MaximumINHIBITORORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE IMAGE
No entries in this field

SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg] SPECIFIC ACTIVITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
43.6-Enterobacter aerogenes-ribitol dehydrogenase B287120
50150Enterobacter aerogenes-for ribitol in crude extract287123
50200Enterobacter aerogenes-for L-arabitol in crude extract287123
59-Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125
83-Enterobacter aerogenes-wild type enzyme287121
90.5-Enterobacter aerogenes--287124
144-Pantoea agglomerans--287126
270280Enterobacter aerogenes-for xylitol in crude extract287123
23000-Enterobacter aerogenes-after crystallization287123

pH OPTIMUMpH MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
66.5Enterobacter aerogenes-sugar reduction287123
6.5-Rhodobacter sphaeroides-sugar reduction287125
7.4-Enterobacter aerogenes-sugar reduction287118
8-Enterobacter aerogenes-alcohol oxidation287118
8.59Enterobacter aerogenes-alcohol oxidation287123
910Pantoea agglomerans-alcohol oxidation287126
910.3Rhodobacter sphaeroides-alcohol oxidation287125
11-Enterobacter aerogenes-alcohol oxidation287121

pH RANGEpH RANGE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
6-Gluconobacter oxydans-sugar reduction287127
8-Rhodobacter sphaeroides-50% of maximal activity287125
9.510.5Gluconobacter oxydans-alcohol oxidation287127
10.7-Rhodobacter sphaeroides-50% of maximal activity287125

TEMPERATURE OPTIMUMTEMPERATURE OPTIMUM MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
28-Enterobacter aerogenes--287121
45-Rhodobacter sphaeroides--287125

TEMPERATURE RANGE TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
8-Gluconobacter oxydans-50% of maximal activity287127

pI VALUEpI VALUE MAXIMUMORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

SOURCE TISSUE ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE SOURCE
No entries in this field

LOCALIZATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY GeneOntology No. LITERATURE SOURCE
cytoplasmGluconobacter oxydans--5737287127Manually annotated by BRENDA team

PDBSCOPCATHORGANISM
No entries in this field

MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULAR WEIGHT MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
50000-Rhodobacter sphaeroides-gel filtration287125
92000-Pantoea agglomerans-gel filtration287126
100000110000Enterobacter aerogenes-wild type, gel filtration287121
100000-Gluconobacter oxydans-gel filtration287127

SUBUNITS ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
?Enterobacter aerogenes-monomers of 27000, mutant B, SDS-PAGE287120
dimerRhodobacter sphaeroides-2 * 25000, SDS-PAGE287125
tetramerEnterobacter aerogenes-4 * 25000, wild type enzyme, SDS-PAGE287120
tetramerEnterobacter aerogenes-4 * 27000, wild type enzyme, SDS-PAGE287121
tetramerPantoea agglomerans-4 * 25000, SDS-PAGE287126
tetramerGluconobacter oxydans-4 * 25000, SDS-PAGE287127

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

Crystallization/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
-Enterobacter aerogenes-287123
-Gluconobacter oxydans-287127

pH STABILITYpH STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
911Pantoea agglomerans--287126
1011Enterobacter aerogenes-unstable at high pH values287121

TEMPERATURE STABILITYTEMPERATURE STABILITY MAXIMUM ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARYLITERATURE
460Rhodobacter sphaeroides-50% enzyme activity loss after 1 min to 15 days287125
37-Enterobacter aerogenes-extensive activity loss at pH 8 for 15 min287124
55-Enterobacter aerogenes-half-life of mutant B is 6 min, half-life of mutant D is 30 min, half-life of wild-type enzyme is 20 min287115

GENERAL STABILITYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
freezing and thawing causes 30-40% decrease of mutant B enzyme activityEnterobacter aerogenes-287120
freezing and thawing causes 5-8% decrease of wild type enzyme activityEnterobacter aerogenes-287120
half life in crude extract at 55°C mutant B: 6 minEnterobacter aerogenes-287115
half life in crude extract at 55°C mutant D: 30 minEnterobacter aerogenes-287115
half life in crude extract at 55°C wild type: 20 minEnterobacter aerogenes-287115
NAD+ improves stability and reverses inhibitionEnterobacter aerogenes-287121, 287124
repeated freezing and thawing results in extensive activity lossEnterobacter aerogenes-287124
unstable in dilute solutionsEnterobacter aerogenes-287121

ORGANIC SOLVENT ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. COMMENTARY LITERATURE
No entries in this field

OXIDATION STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

STORAGE STABILITY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
-20°C wild type enzyme shows only slight loss of activity in phosphate buffer pH 7.0Enterobacter aerogenes-287121
2°C presence of NAD+ several daysEnterobacter aerogenes-287121
mutant B enzyme inactive after freezing for 2 months, half life of 10 days at 2°CEnterobacter aerogenes-287120
stable at 3°C in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 for 1 month, unstable below pH 5.5 and at repeated freezing and thawingEnterobacter aerogenes-287118
wild type enzyme can be stored frozen for months without greater loss of activity , half life of 70 days at 2°CEnterobacter aerogenes-287120

Purification/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
-Enterobacter aerogenes-287123, 287124
ribitol dehydrogenase A and BEnterobacter aerogenes-287115
ribitol dehydrogenase BEnterobacter aerogenes-287120
wild typeEnterobacter aerogenes-287121
-Gluconobacter oxydans-287127
-Pantoea agglomerans-287126
-Rhodobacter sphaeroides-287125

Cloned/COMMENTARY ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
wild typeEnterobacter aerogenes-287116

EXPRESSION ORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO. LITERATURE
No entries in this field

ENGINEERINGORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
G196PEnterobacter aerogenes-mutant D, increased activity towards xylitol287115

Renatured/COMMENTARYORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.LITERATURE
No entries in this field

APPLICATIONORGANISM UNIPROT ACCESSION NO.COMMENTARYLITERATURE
No entries in this field

REF. AUTHORS TITLE JOURNAL VOL. PAGES YEAR ORGANISMLINK TO PUBMEDSOURCE
287115Dothie, J.M.; Giglio, J.R.; Moore, C.B.; Tayler, S.S.; Hartley, B.S.Ribitol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella aerogenes. Sequence and properties of wild-type and mutant strainsBiochem. J.230569-5781985Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287116Loviny, T.; Norton, P.M.; Hartley, B.S.Ribitol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella aerogenes. Sequence of the structural geneBiochem. J.230579-5851985Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287117Szumiko, T.; Byra, A.The possible occurrence of zinc in ribitol and sorbitol dehydrogenases from Mycobacterium sp. 279Acta Biochim. Pol.31401-4081984Mycobacterium sp. PubMed
287118Fromm, H.J.D-RibuloseMethods Enzym. Anal., 3rd Ed. (Bergmeyer, H.U., ed.)6432-4371984Enterobacter aerogenes-
287119Jörnvall, H.; v.Bahr-Lindström, H.; Jany, K.D.; Ulmer, W.; Fröschle, M.Extended superfamily of short alcohol-polyol-sugar dehydrogenases: structural similarities between glucose and ribitol dehydrogenasesFEBS Lett.165190-1961984Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287120Burleigh, B.D.; Rigby, P.W.J.; Hartley, B.S.A comparison of wild-type and mutant ribitol dehydrogenases from Klebsiella aerogenesBiochem. J.143341-3521974Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287121Taylor, S.S.; Rigby, P.W.J.; Hartley, B.S.Ribitol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella aerogenes. Purification and subunit structureBiochem. J.141693-7001974Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287122Charnetzky, W.T.; Mortlock, R.P.Ribitol catabolic pathway in Klebsiella aerogenesJ. Bacteriol.119162-1691974Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287123Fossitt, D.D.; Wood, W.A.Pentitol dehydrogenases of Aerobacter aerogenesMethods Enzymol.9180-1841966Enterobacter aerogenes-
287124Nordlie, R.C.; Fromm, H.J.Ribitol dehydrogenase. II. Studies on the reaction mechanismJ. Biol. Chem.2342523-25311959Enterobacter aerogenes PubMed
287125Kahle, C.; Schneider, K.H.; Giffhorn, F.Pentitol metabolism of Rodobacter sphaeroides Si4: purification and characterization of a ribitol dehydrogenaseJ. Gen. Microbiol.1381277-12811992Rhodobacter sphaeroides PubMed
287126Muniruzzaman, S.; Kunisha, Y.; Ichiraku K.; Izumori, K.Purification and characterization of a ribitol dehydrogenase from Enterobacter agglomerans strain 221eJ. Ferment. Bioeng.79496-4981995Pantoea agglomerans-
287127Adachi, O.; Fuji, Y.; Ano, Y.; Moonmangmee, D.; Toyama, H.; Shinagawa, E.; Theeragool, G.; Lotong, N.; Matsushita, K.Membrane-bound sugar alcohol dehydrogenase in acetic acid bacteria catalyzes L-ribulose formation and NAD-dependent ribitol dehydrogenase is independent of the oxidative fermentationBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.65115-1252001Gluconobacter oxydans PubMed

LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.1.1.56)
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ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
SYSTERS
Protein Mutant Database
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)