format-version: 1.0 date: 25:10:2007 15:12 saved-by: Gremse auto-generated-by: DAG-Edit 1.418 default-namespace: BrendaTissue545 remark: autogenerated-by: DAG-Edit version 1.418 remark: saved-by: Gremse remark: date: Wed Oct 24 15:27:50 CEST 2007 remark: version: $Revision: 1.30 $ [Term] id: BTO:0000000 name: brenda source tissue ontology def: "A structured controlled vocabulary for the source of an enzyme. It comprises terms of tissues\, cell lines\, cell types and cell cultures from uni- and multicellular organisms." [curators:mgr] [Term] id: BTO:0000001 name: culture condition:-induced cell is_a: BTO:0000216 [Term] id: BTO:0000002 name: culture condition:1,4-dichlorobenzene-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000003 name: intestinal cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000648 [Term] id: BTO:0000004 name: culture condition:2,5-dihydroxybenzoate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000005 name: culture condition:2-aminobenzenesulfonate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000006 name: osteoblastoma cell def: "A benign tumor cell of bone. " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] is_a: BTO:0000372 relationship: DRV BTO:0001593 [Term] id: BTO:0000007 name: HEK-293 cell def: "Established from a human primary embryonal kidney transformed by adenovirus type 5." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "293 cell" [] synonym: "A-293 cell" [] synonym: "A293 cell" [] synonym: "HEK cell" [] synonym: "HEK293 cell" [] synonym: "human embryonal kidney cell" [] synonym: "human embryonic kidney cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000067 is_a: BTO:0002733 [Term] id: BTO:0000008 name: culture condition:3-chlorobenzoate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000009 name: culture condition:3-hydroxybenzoate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000010 name: culture condition:3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000011 name: 3T3-L1 cell def: "L1 is a continuous substrain of 3T3 (Swiss albino) developed through clonal isolation. Cells undergo a pre-adipose to adipose like conversion as they progress from a rapidly dividing to a confluent and contact inhibited state. A high serum content in the medium enhances fat accumulation." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] relationship: DRV BTO:0000944 [Term] id: BTO:0000012 name: culture condition:4-(methoxymethyl)phenol-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000013 name: culture condition:4-chlorophenol-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000014 name: culture condition:4-hydroxybenzoate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000015 name: culture condition:4-methylmuconolactone-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000016 name: A-172 cell def: "Human brain glioblastoma cell line. Established from a 53 year old man." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] synonym: "A172 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001530 [Term] id: BTO:0000017 name: A-431 cell def: "Human epidermoid carcinoma established from the solid tumor of an 85-year-old woman; cells were reported to have large numbers of EGF binding sites; cell line was used as indicator cell line for anti-TGF binding." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "A431 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000297 [Term] id: BTO:0000018 name: A-549 cell def: "Human lung carcinoma established from an explanted lung tumor which was removed from a 58-year-old Caucasian man in 1972; cells were described to induce tumors in athmyic mice and to synthesize lecithin." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "A549 cell" [] synonym: "NCI-A549 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000762 [Term] id: BTO:0000019 name: A7r5 cell def: "Rat embryonic thoracic aorta smooth muscle cell line. The cells exhibit an increase in activity of the enzymes myokinase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) as the culture reaches stationary phase. Muscle type CPK is synthesized after cell division has ceased." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] is_a: BTO:0000669 is_a: BTO:0001200 [Term] id: BTO:0000020 name: abdomen def: "1\: The part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis; also\: the cavity of this part of the trunk containing the chief viscera.\n2\: The posterior section of the body behind the thorax in an arthropod." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=abdomen] synonym: "abdominal cavity" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001493 [Term] id: BTO:0000021 name: head muscle is_a: BTO:0001103 relationship: part_of BTO:0000282 [Term] id: BTO:0000022 name: abdominal ganglion def: "The visceral sac's nerve knot is called visceral ganglion. In contrary to the mostly paired other ganglia this nerve knot is unpaired. The visceral ganglion innerves the pallial organs as well as the inner organs." [Biology \, Snails' Nervous System:1992 \, Czihak \, Langer \, Ziegler] synonym: "visceral ganglion" [] is_a: BTO:0000497 relationship: part_of BTO:0001448 [Term] id: BTO:0000023 name: pectoral muscle def: "Any of the muscles which connect the ventral walls of the chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder and of which there are two on each side of the human body." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=pectoral+muscle] synonym: "breast muscle" [] synonym: "pectoralis muscle" [] is_a: BTO:0000508 [Term] id: BTO:0000024 name: abomasum def: "The fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach that follows the omasum and has a true digestive function." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=abomasum] synonym: "fourth stomach" [] is_a: BTO:0001307 [Term] id: BTO:0000025 name: amniotic cavity def: "The space within the amnion." [Medical Dictionary:http //www.edoc.co.za/medilink/dict/359.html] relationship: part_of BTO:0000065 [Term] id: BTO:0000026 name: culture condition:galactose-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000027 name: achene def: "A small dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit (as of a sunflower) developing from a simple ovary and usually having a thin pericarp attached to the seed at only one point." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000486 [Term] id: BTO:0000028 name: pancreatic acinar cell def: "Cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes\, the archetypal secretory cell upon which much of the early work on the sequence of events in the secretory process was done. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] synonym: "exocrine pancreas cell" [] synonym: "pancreatic acinus" [] is_a: BTO:0000433 relationship: part_of BTO:0000434 [Term] id: BTO:0000029 name: adductor longus def: "Adductor arising from the superior ramus of the pubis and inserted into the middle third of the linea aspera." [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] synonym: "long adductor muscle" [] synonym: "musculus adductor longus" [] is_a: BTO:0000030 [Term] id: BTO:0000030 name: adductor def: "Any of three powerful triangular muscles that contribute to the adduction of the human thigh." [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] synonym: "adductor muscle" [] is_a: BTO:0001367 relationship: part_of BTO:0001376 [Term] id: BTO:0000031 name: fruit peduncle relationship: part_of BTO:0000486 [Term] id: BTO:0000032 name: colonic adenocarcinoma cell def: "A cell of an adenocarcinoma of the colon is a malignant neoplastic epithelial lesion\, arising from the colonic mucosa." [Brown Medical School \, Digital Pathology:http //www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/GI/colonic_adenocarcinoma.htm] synonym: "adenocarcinoma cell\, colon" [] synonym: "colon adenocarcinoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000586 is_a: BTO:0000604 [Term] id: BTO:0000033 name: SW-403 cell def: "Human colon adenocarcinoma\, established from the adenocarcinoma (grade III) of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman; cells were described to produce carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and to be tumorigenic in nude mice." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "SW403 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001913 [Term] id: BTO:0000034 name: apical meristem def: "A group of cells at the tip of the stem and root that give rise by cell division to the primary tissues and are ultimately responsible for the structural organization of the entire primary plant body." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0000231" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000247 relationship: part_of BTO:0001191 relationship: part_of BTO:0001300 [Term] id: BTO:0000035 name: colorectal adenocarcinoma cell def: "Adenocarcinoma cell related to the colon and/or rectum." [Medical Dictionary \, Medterms:http //www.medterms.com] synonym: "adenocarcinoma cell\, colorectal" [] is_a: BTO:0000193 is_a: BTO:0000586 is_a: BTO:0000604 [Term] id: BTO:0000036 name: gastric adenocarcinoma cell def: "A cell of any of a group of common stomach cancers\, usually located in the antrum; it may present as a bulky mass with central ulceration invading the wall\, a mass that narrows the antral lumen\, a polypoid lesion\, or a tumor that spreads superficially over the mucosal surface. It is common in Japan\, Chile\, Iceland\, and Finland but the incidence is decreasing in North America and elsewhere. There may be links to certain dietary substances such as nitrosamines and benzpyrene." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "adenocarcinoma cell of the stomach" [] synonym: "gastric carcinoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000498 is_a: BTO:0000604 [Term] id: BTO:0000037 name: renal cell carcinoma cell def: "Carcinoma cell of the renal parenchyma usually occurring in middle age or later and composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements; symptoms depend on extent of invasion. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "Grawitz`s tumor cell" [] synonym: "adenocarcinoma cell of kidney" [] synonym: "clear cell carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "hypernephroid carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "hypernephroma cell" [] synonym: "renal adenocarcinoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000604 is_a: BTO:0000680 [Term] id: BTO:0000038 name: SW-480 cell def: "Human colon adenocarcinoma\, established from the tumor of a 50-year-old Caucasian man with colon adenocarcinoma." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "SW480 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001913 [Term] id: BTO:0000039 name: root cap def: "A thimble-shaped group of cells found at the tip of roots; it functions to protect the meristem." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005429" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001191 [Term] id: BTO:0000040 name: adenohypophysis def: "The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=adenohypophysis] synonym: "anterior pituitary" [] synonym: "anterior pituitary gland" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000496 [Term] id: BTO:0000041 name: medulla oblongata def: "The part of the vertebrate brain that is continuous posteriorly with the spinal cord and that contains the centers controlling involuntary vital functions." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=medulla+oblongata] relationship: part_of BTO:0000758 [Term] id: BTO:0000042 name: animal def: "Any of a kingdom (Animalia) of living things including many-celled organisms and often many of the single-celled ones (as protozoans) that typically differ from plants in having cells without cellulose walls\, in lacking chlorophyll and the capacity for photosynthesis\, in requiring more complex food materials (as proteins)\, in being organized to a greater degree of complexity\, and in having the capacity for spontaneous movement and rapid motor responses to stimulation." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=animal] is_a: BTO:0000000 [Term] id: BTO:0000043 name: cerebellar cortex def: "The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three layers\, the stratum moleculare\, stratum granulosum\, and stratum purkinjense." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "cortex cerebellaris" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000232 [Term] id: BTO:0000044 name: tear gland def: "An acinous gland that is about the size and shape of an almond\, secretes tears\, and is situated laterally and superiorly to the bulb of the eye in a shallow depression on the inner surface of the frontal bone." [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] synonym: "lacrimal gland" [] is_a: BTO:0000431 relationship: part_of BTO:0000439 [Term] id: BTO:0000045 name: adrenal cortex def: "The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces several steroid hormones\, including cortisol and aldosterone." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "cortex glandulae suprarenalis" [] synonym: "suprarenal cortex" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000047 [Term] id: BTO:0000046 name: Y-1 cell def: "Mouse adrenal cortex tumor. Mouse\, LAF1 male; Tissue\: adrenal cortex; Tumor\: adrenal tumor." [HyperCLDB:http //www.biotech.ist.unige.it] synonym: "Y1 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000851 [Term] id: BTO:0000047 name: adrenal gland def: "Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid\, mineralocorticoid\, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=adrenal+gland] synonym: "adrenal" [] synonym: "adrenal capsule" [] synonym: "atrabiliary capsule" [] synonym: "epinephros" [] synonym: "glandula suprarenalis" [] synonym: "suprarenal capsule" [] synonym: "suprarenal gland" [] is_a: BTO:0001488 is_a: BTO:0001491 [Term] id: BTO:0000048 name: zona glomerulosa def: "The outermost of the three layers of the adrenal cortex that consists of round masses of granular epithelial cells that stain deeply." [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] synonym: "glomerulosa" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000045 [Term] id: BTO:0000049 name: adrenal medulla def: "The inner\, reddish-brown portion of the adrenal glands that synthesizes\, stores\, and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] relationship: part_of BTO:0000047 [Term] id: BTO:0000050 name: zona fasciculata def: "The middle of the three layers of the adrenal cortex that consists of radially arranged columnar epithelial cells. " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0000045 [Term] id: BTO:0000051 name: tendon sheath def: "A synovial sheath covering a tendon (as in the hand or foot) . " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0001356 [Term] id: BTO:0000052 name: stoma def: "The epidermal complex consisting of two guard cells and the pore between them." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005350" [] synonym: "stomatal complex" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000718 [Term] id: BTO:0000053 name: albedo def: "The spongy white tissue on the inside of the rind of citrus fruit." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] relationship: part_of BTO:0000733 [Term] id: BTO:0000054 name: albumen gland def: "The posterior oviduct opens into the large white albumen gland which adds a layer of albumen to the zygote before it reaches the egg capsule gland." [Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine \, Ilyanassa obsoleta:http //www.lander.edu/rsfox/310ilyanassaLab.html] is_a: BTO:0000254 relationship: REL BTO:0000369 [Term] id: BTO:0000055 name: pars recta def: "Proximal straight tubule\: part of the descending limb of the renal tubule\, extending from the proximal convoluted tubule to the thin tubule." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "pars recta tubuli renalis" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001498 [Term] id: BTO:0000056 name: zona reticulata def: "The innermost of the three layers of the adrenal cortex that consists of irregularly arranged cylindrical masses of epithelial cells. " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0000045 [Term] id: BTO:0000057 name: aleurone layer def: "A group of cells rich in protein granules and located as the outer layer of the endosperm of many grain seeds." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005360" [] synonym: "aleurone" [] is_a: BTO:0000390 [Term] id: BTO:0000058 name: alimentary canal def: "The mucous membrane-lined tube of the digestive system through which food passes\, in which digestion takes place\, and from which wastes are eliminated. It extends from the mouth to the anus and includes the pharynx\, esophagus\, stomach\, and intestines." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "digestive canal" [] synonym: "digestive tract" [] synonym: "digestive tube" [] is_a: BTO:0001491 [Term] id: BTO:0000059 name: renal epithelium synonym: "kidney epithelium" [] is_a: BTO:0000416 relationship: part_of BTO:0000671 [Term] id: BTO:0000060 name: alveolus def: "A tiny\, thin-walled\, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. " [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "air sac" [] synonym: "alveoli" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000061 [Term] id: BTO:0000061 name: alveolar sac def: "Each large alveolar sac is like a grape cluster which contains ten or more alveoli." [The Probert Encyclopaedia \, Medicine:http //www.probertencyclopaedia.com/E1B.HTM] relationship: part_of BTO:0000136 [Term] id: BTO:0000062 name: amastigote def: "Any of the bodies representing the morphologic (leishmanial) stage in the life cycle of all trypanosomatid protozoa resembling the typical adult form of members of the genus Leishmania\, in which the oval or round cell has a nucleus\, kinetoplast\, and basal body but lacks a free-flowing flagellum\, the flagellum being either very short or entirely absent. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "Leishman-Donovan body" [] synonym: "aflagellate form" [] synonym: "leishmanial form" [] synonym: "micromastigote" [] synonym: "spheromastigote" [] is_a: BTO:0000092 [Term] id: BTO:0000063 name: culture condition:ammonium malate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000064 name: amniochorion def: "Pertaining to the amnion and chorion." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckMedicus] synonym: "Chorioamnion" [] is_a: BTO:0000473 [Term] id: BTO:0000065 name: amnion def: "A thin\, tough\, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus of a mammal\, bird\, or reptile. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000473 [Term] id: BTO:0000066 name: amniocyte def: "A cell of fetal origin obtained in an amniotic fluid specimen." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckMedicus] synonym: "amniotic cell" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000065 [Term] id: BTO:0000067 name: kidney cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000671 [Term] id: BTO:0000068 name: amniotic fluid def: "Fluid within the amniotic cavity produced by the amnion during the early embryonic period\, and later by the lungs and kidneys; at first crystal clear\, it later becomes cloudy. It protects the embryo and fetus from injury. The amount at term normally varies from 500 to 1500 mL." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "acqua amnii" [] synonym: "liquor amnii" [] relationship: REL BTO:0000025 [Term] id: BTO:0000069 name: WISH cell def: "Human amnion cell line with HeLa markers." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] is_a: BTO:0000110 [Term] id: BTO:0000070 name: amoeba def: "Any of a large genus (Amoeba) of naked rhizopod protozoans with lobed and never anastomosing pseudopodia\, without permanent organelles or supporting structures\, and of wide distribution in fresh and salt water and moist terrestrial environments." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=amoeba] is_a: BTO:0000284 [Term] id: BTO:0000071 name: amoebocyte def: "A cell (as a phagocyte) having amoeboid form or movements." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=amoebocyte] is_a: BTO:0001044 is_a: BTO:0002856 [Term] id: BTO:0000072 name: carpel def: "The female reproductive part of a flower\, consisting of stigma\, style\, and ovary." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005441" [] synonym: "pistil" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001733 [Term] id: BTO:0000073 name: culture condition:aniline-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000074 name: antenna def: "One of a pair of slender movable segmented sensory organs on the head of insects\, myriapods\, and crustaceans." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=antenna] is_a: BTO:0000202 relationship: part_of BTO:0000282 [Term] id: BTO:0000075 name: antennal gland def: "Excretory gland situated in the basal article of the antennal peduncle.\n" [Crustacea Glossary:http //atiniui.nhm.org/glossary/index.html?terms=Antennal+gland] is_a: BTO:0000431 relationship: part_of BTO:0000074 [Term] id: BTO:0000076 name: anterior midgut relationship: part_of BTO:0000863 [Term] id: BTO:0000077 name: posterior midgut relationship: part_of BTO:0000863 [Term] id: BTO:0000078 name: microglia def: "The small\, non-neural\, interstitial cells of mesodermal origin that form part of the supporting structure of the central nervous system. They are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. They are migratory and act as phagocytes to waste products of nerve tissue. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000524 [Term] id: BTO:0000079 name: anther def: "The male reproductive organ enclosing and containing the pollen grains. " [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005596" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001559 [Term] id: BTO:0000080 name: male reproductive gland is_a: BTO:0001488 relationship: part_of BTO:0000082 [Term] id: BTO:0000081 name: reproductive system def: "Reproductive\: of\, relating to\, or capable of reproduction." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=reproductive] relationship: part_of BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000082 name: male reproductive system def: "The reproductive system in men includes the prostate\, the testes\, and the penis. " [Cancer.gov Dictionary:http //www.nci.nih.gov/dictionary] is_a: BTO:0000081 [Term] id: BTO:0000083 name: female reproductive system def: "The reproductive system in women includes the ovaries\, the fallopian tubes\, the uterus (womb)\, the cervix\, and the vagina (birth canal)." [Cancer.gov Dictionary:http //www.nci.nih.gov/dictionary] synonym: "gynaecological tissue" [] is_a: BTO:0000081 [Term] id: BTO:0000084 name: vermiform appendix def: "A narrow blind tube usually about three or four inches (7.6 to 10.2 centimeters) long that extends from the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen\, has much lymphoid wall tissue\, normally communicates with the cavity of the cecum\, and represents an atrophied terminal part of the cecum. " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0000166 [Term] id: BTO:0000085 name: appressorium def: "The flattened thickened tip of a hyphal branch by which some parasitic fungi are attached to their host." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=appressorium] relationship: part_of BTO:0000612 [Term] id: BTO:0000086 name: culture condition:arabinose-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000087 name: arterial smooth muscle is_a: BTO:0001260 relationship: part_of BTO:0000573 [Term] id: BTO:0000088 name: cardiovascular system def: "The system of heart and blood vessels." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cardiovascular] relationship: part_of BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000089 name: blood def: "1\: The fluid that circulates in the heart\, arteries\, capillaries\, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body.\n2\: A comparable fluid of an invertebrate." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=blood] relationship: part_of BTO:0000570 [Term] id: BTO:0000090 name: ascidian def: "Any of a class (Ascidiacea) of solitary or colonial sessile tunicates that have an oral and an atrial siphon." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ascidian] synonym: "sea squirt" [] is_a: BTO:0000284 [Term] id: BTO:0000091 name: ascites def: "Accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ascites] synonym: "ascites fluid" [] relationship: REL BTO:0000020 [Term] id: BTO:0000092 name: trypanosome def: "Any of a genus (Trypanosoma) of parasitic flagellate protozoans that infest the blood of various vertebrates including humans\, are usually transmitted by the bite of an insect\, and include some that cause serious disease (as sleeping sickness)." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=trypanosome] is_a: BTO:0000464 [Term] id: BTO:0000093 name: MCF-7 cell def: "Human breast adenocarcinoma\, established from the pleural effusion of a 69-year-old caucasian woman with metastatic mammary carcinoma (after radio- and hormone therapy) in 1970; cells were described of being positive for cytoplasmic estrogen receptors and having the capability to form domes." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "MCF7 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001912 [Term] id: BTO:0000094 name: ascites tumor cell relationship: DRV BTO:0000091 [Term] id: BTO:0000095 name: F9 cell def: "Mouse embryonal carcinoma\, initiated from a testicular teratocarcinoma of a strain 129 mouse." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "F9 EC cell" [] synonym: "F9 embryonal carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "F9-EC cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000306 is_a: BTO:0001437 [Term] id: BTO:0000096 name: urinary bladder cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0001418 [Term] id: BTO:0000097 name: ascospore def: "Any of the spores contained in an ascus." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ascospore] synonym: "FAO\:0000016" [] is_a: BTO:0001171 relationship: part_of BTO:0002161 [Term] id: BTO:0000098 name: astroblast def: "An embryonic astrocyte." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] is_a: BTO:0000930 [Term] id: BTO:0000099 name: astrocyte def: "A star-shaped cell\, especially a neuroglial cell of nervous tissue." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000771 relationship: DRV BTO:0000098 [Term] id: BTO:0000100 name: astrocytoma cell def: "A tumor cell composed of astrocytes; it is the most common type of primary brain tumor and is also found throughout the central nervous system. One classification groups astrocytomas according to their histologic appearance and distinguishes pilocytic\, protoplasmic\, gemistocytic\, and fibrillary types. Another classification groups them in order of increasing malignancy as Grade I\, Grade II\, Grade III\, and Grade IV types." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "astrocytic glioma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000526 relationship: DRV BTO:0000099 [Term] id: BTO:0000101 name: astrocytoma cell line is_a: BTO:0000690 relationship: DRV BTO:0000100 relationship: DRV BTO:0001531 [Term] id: BTO:0000102 name: blood clot def: "A semisolid gelatinous mass of coagulated blood that consists of red blood cells\, white blood cells\, and platelets entrapped in a fibrin network." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "thrombus" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000089 [Term] id: BTO:0000103 name: microglial cell def: "One of the small interstitial phagocytic cells of the microglia." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "Hortega cell" [] synonym: "microgliocyte" [] is_a: BTO:0000525 is_a: BTO:0000801 relationship: part_of BTO:0000078 [Term] id: BTO:0000104 name: lymphoma cell line def: "Lymphoma means any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "lymphadenoma cell line" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000785 relationship: DRV BTO:0001586 [Term] id: BTO:0000105 name: upper epidermis def: "The epidermal layer directed towards the axis." [Gramene DB:ftp //www.gramene.org/pub/gramene/ontology/plant_anatomy/anatomy_gr_def] synonym: "GRO\:0005683" [] synonym: "adaxial epidermis" [] is_a: BTO:0000718 [Term] id: BTO:0000106 name: cranial ganglion is_a: BTO:0000497 [Term] id: BTO:0000107 name: B95-8 cell def: "Marmoset monkey lymphocytes\, established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a marmoset monkey (saguinus oedipus); cells were described to release high titers of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) providing a source for transformation of B cells and establishment of continuous cell lines; this cell line has been assigned by the ZKBS (German Central Commission for Biological Safety) to risk group 2." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0001522 [Term] id: BTO:0000108 name: olfactory epithelium def: "Pseudostratified epithelium lining the olfactory region of the nasal cavity\, and containing the receptors for the sense of smell." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "nasal cavity olfactory epithelium" [] synonym: "olfactory mucosa" [] is_a: BTO:0000912 [Term] id: BTO:0000109 name: bacteroid def: "An irregularly shaped bacterium (as a rhizobium) found especially in root nodules of legumes." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=bacteroid] is_a: BTO:0000284 relationship: REL BTO:0001190 [Term] id: BTO:0000110 name: amniotic cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000065 [Term] id: BTO:0000111 name: BALB/3T12-3 cell def: "Derived from a 14-17 day old BALB/c mouse embryo. The cells are tumorigenic\, are insensitive to contact inhibition and are susceptible to transformation with SV40 virus." [HyperCLDB:http //www.biotech.ist.unige.it] synonym: "3T12 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001958 [Term] id: BTO:0000112 name: sieve cell def: "The phloem conducting cell in nonangiosperms; they are long and tapered with small sieve areas over much of their surfaces. " [Botany - An Introduction to Plant Biology \, Third Edition:http //biology.jbpub.com/Botany/interactive_glossary_showterm.cfm?term=sieve] relationship: part_of BTO:0001058 [Term] id: BTO:0000113 name: cervical ganglion def: "Any of three sympathetic ganglia on each side of the neck. " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] is_a: BTO:0001333 [Term] id: BTO:0000114 name: basidiocarp def: "The large fruiting body characteristic of the majority of fungi of the subphylum Basidiomycotina; it is composed of masses of intertwined hyphal elements and produces basidia. Mushrooms and toadstools are common examples." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "FAO\:0000012" [] is_a: BTO:0000487 [Term] id: BTO:0000115 name: BC3H1 cell def: "Mouse brain tumor cell line. Established from a mouse tumor induced by nitrosoethylurea with properties characteristic of muscle; cells were described to synthesize adenylate and creatine phosphokinases." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0000690 [Term] id: BTO:0000116 name: plant epidermis def: "A thin surface layer of tissue in higher plants formed by growth of a primary meristem." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epidermis] relationship: part_of BTO:0001461 [Term] id: BTO:0000117 name: culture condition:benzoate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000118 name: culture condition:benzoylformate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000119 name: berry def: "A simple fruit (as a currant\, grape\, tomato\, or banana) with a pulpy or fleshy pericarp." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=berry] is_a: BTO:0000486 [Term] id: BTO:0000120 name: BHK-21 cell def: "Syrian hamster kidney BHK-21 is a subclone (clone 13) of the parental line established from the kidneys of five unsexed\, one-day-old hamsters in 1961; cells can be used for virus replication studies." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "BHK 21 cell" [] synonym: "BHK-21/C13 cell" [] synonym: "baby hamster kidney cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001131 [Term] id: BTO:0000121 name: bile def: "A fluid secreted by the liver and poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts. Important constituents are conjugated bile salts\, cholesterol\, phospholipid\, bilirubin diglucuronide\, and electrolytes. Bile is alkaline due to its bicarbonate content\, is golden brown to greenish yellow in color\, and has a bitter taste. Bile secreted by the liver is concentrated in the gallbladder." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "fel" [] synonym: "gall" [] is_a: BTO:0000346 relationship: DRV BTO:0000759 relationship: REL BTO:0000493 [Term] id: BTO:0000122 name: bile duct def: "Any of the ducts that convey bile in and from the liver." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "biliary duct" [] synonym: "gall duct" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000759 [Term] id: BTO:0000123 name: bladder def: "A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=bladder] synonym: "bladder carcinoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001491 [Term] id: BTO:0000124 name: microspore def: "Haploid cells produced by meiosis in the anthers of angiosperms; four microspores are produced from a single microsporocyte." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived >from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] relationship: DRV BTO:0000540 [Term] id: BTO:0000125 name: blast cell def: "In the monophyletic theory\, the least differentiated\, totipotential blood cell without commitment as to its particular series\, from which all blood cells are derived\, preceding a stem cell. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "blast" [] synonym: "hematoblast" [] synonym: "hematocytoblast" [] synonym: "hemocytoblast" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000089 [Term] id: BTO:0000126 name: blastoderm def: "The mass of cells produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum\, forming the hollow sphere of the blastula\, or the cellular cap above a floor of segmented yolk in the discoblastula of telolecithal eggs. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "germinal membrane" [] synonym: "membrana germinativa" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000128 relationship: part_of BTO:0000535 [Term] id: BTO:0000127 name: blastospore def: "A fungal spore produced by budding." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=blastospore] is_a: BTO:0001171 [Term] id: BTO:0000128 name: blastula def: "The usually spherical structure produced by cleavage of a zygote\, consisting of a single layer of cells (blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (blastocoele)." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "blastosphere" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001508 [Term] id: BTO:0000129 name: basophil def: "Mammalian granulocyte with large heterochromatic basophilic granules that contain histamine bound to a protein and heparin-like mucopolysaccharide matrix. They are not phagocytic. Very similar to mast cells though it is not clear whether they have common lineage." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] is_a: BTO:0000539 [Term] id: BTO:0000130 name: neutrophil def: "A granulocyte that is the chief phagocytic white blood cell of the blood." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=neutrophil] is_a: BTO:0000539 is_a: BTO:0001044 [Term] id: BTO:0000131 name: blood plasma def: "The fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "plasma" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000089 [Term] id: BTO:0000132 name: blood platelet def: "A minute\, nonnucleated\, disklike cytoplasmic body found in the blood plasma of mammals that is derived from a megakaryocyte and functions to promote blood clotting" [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "platelet" [] synonym: "thrombocyte" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000843 relationship: part_of BTO:0000131 [Term] id: BTO:0000133 name: blood serum def: "The cell-free portion of the blood from which the fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0001239 relationship: part_of BTO:0000131 [Term] id: BTO:0000134 name: bloodstream form def: "When living in the mammalian bloodstream T. brucei has neither a functional Krebs cycle nor oxidative phosphorylation nor does it store any carbohydrates. In the bloodstream form. Its metabolism is restricted to the glycolytic pathway alone. " [PMID:9013556] is_a: BTO:0000092 [Term] id: BTO:0000135 name: aorta def: "The great arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=aorta] relationship: part_of BTO:0000562 [Term] id: BTO:0000136 name: bronchoalveolar system def: "System pertaining to a bronchus and alveoli." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0000763 [Term] id: BTO:0000137 name: pulmonary artery endothelium is_a: BTO:0000393 relationship: part_of BTO:0000778 [Term] id: BTO:0000138 name: midbrain def: "The middle of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=midbrain] synonym: "mesencephalon" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000146 [Term] id: BTO:0000139 name: body wall def: "The portion of an animal body that consists of ectoderm and mesoderm\, forms the external body surface\, and encloses the body cavity." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] relationship: part_of BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000140 name: bone def: "The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton of most vertebrates; it consists of an organic component (the cells and matrix) and an inorganic\, or mineral\, component; the matrix contains a framework of collagenous fibers and is impregnated with the mineral component\, chiefly calcium phosphate (85 per cent) and calcium carbonate (10 per cent)\, which imparts the quality of rigidity to bone. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "osseous tissue" [] is_a: BTO:0000421 relationship: part_of BTO:0001486 [Term] id: BTO:0000141 name: bone marrow def: "The soft\, fatty\, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "medulla ossium" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001486 [Term] id: BTO:0000142 name: brain def: "1\: The portion of the vertebrate central nervous system that constitutes the organ of thought and neural coordination\, includes all the higher nervous centers receiving stimuli from the sense organs and interpreting and correlating them to formulate the motor impulses\, is made up of neurons and supporting and nutritive structures\, is enclosed within the skull\, and is continuous with the spinal cord through the foramen magnum.\n2\: A nervous center in invertebrates comparable in position and function to the vertebrate brain." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=brain] relationship: part_of BTO:0000227 relationship: part_of BTO:0000282 [Term] id: BTO:0000143 name: substantia nigra def: "The substantia nigra is located in the mesencephalon (mid brain) region of the brain. It is part of the basal ganglia." [Anatomy of the Brain:http //biology.about.com/library/organs/brain/blsubstantianigra.htm] relationship: part_of BTO:0000138 relationship: part_of BTO:0000235 [Term] id: BTO:0000144 name: meninx def: "Any of the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=meninx] synonym: "meninges" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000142 relationship: part_of BTO:0000282 relationship: part_of BTO:0001279 [Term] id: BTO:0000145 name: brain myelin relationship: part_of BTO:0000236 [Term] id: BTO:0000146 name: brain stem def: "The part of the brain composed of the mesencephalon\, pons\, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=brain+stem] synonym: "brainstem" [] synonym: "truncus encephalicus" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000142 [Term] id: BTO:0000147 name: microgametophyte def: "A plant body or cell lineage\, formed by vegetative growth of the microspore\, that produces the male gametes of a heterosporous plant. " [Jim Croft`s Flora of Australia:http //www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Reference/dictionary/Biologie/M/182.html] synonym: "GRO\:0000162" [] synonym: "male gametophyte" [] is_a: BTO:0000495 [Term] id: BTO:0000148 name: branch def: "A natural subdivision of a plant stem; especially\: a secondary shoot or stem (as a bough) arising from a main axis (as of a tree)." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=branch] synonym: "GRO\:0005304" [] synonym: "axillary shoot" [] synonym: "lateral shoot" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001300 [Term] id: BTO:0000149 name: breast def: "1\: The fore or ventral part of the body between the neck and the abdomen.\n2\: Either of the pair of mammary glands extending from the front of the chest in pubescent and adult human females and some other mammals." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=breast] is_a: BTO:0000254 is_a: BTO:0000431 relationship: part_of BTO:0001368 [Term] id: BTO:0000150 name: breast cancer cell def: "Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of malignant breast tissue. Most breast cancers begin in the milk ducts\: these are called intraductal cancers. A few\, like lobular cancer\, start in the milk sacs or lobes." [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] synonym: "breast adenocarcinoma cell" [] synonym: "breast carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "mammary carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "mammary tumor cell" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000149 [Term] id: BTO:0000151 name: extensor def: "A muscle that\, upon contraction\, tends to straighten a limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle." [Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation:Part I Muscular System http //www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.html] is_a: BTO:0001103 [Term] id: BTO:0000152 name: infected cell is_a: BTO:0000214 [Term] id: BTO:0000153 name: Walker carcinoma 256 cell def: "A cell of a transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat\, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] synonym: "Walker carcinosarcoma 256 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000150 is_a: BTO:0001207 [Term] id: BTO:0000154 name: BRL-3A cell def: "Rat liver cell line. Established from the buffalo strain of rattus norvegicus." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] synonym: "BRL3A cell" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001933 [Term] id: BTO:0000155 name: bronchoalveolar lavage def: "A technique by which cells and fluid from bronchioles and lung alveoli are removed for diagnosis of disease or evaluation of treatment. A bronchoscope is wedged into a bronchus and sterile saline is pumped in and then removed along with the fluid and cells to be analyzed." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "BAL cell" [] relationship: REL BTO:0000136 [Term] id: BTO:0000156 name: brown adipose tissue def: "A mammalian heat-producing tissue occurring especially in human newborns and in hibernators." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=brown+fat] synonym: "brown fat" [] is_a: BTO:0001487 [Term] id: BTO:0000157 name: aorta thoracica def: "Thoracic part of aorta\: the proximal portion of the descending aorta\, which proceeds from the arch of the aorta and gives rise to the bronchial\, esophageal\, pericardiac\, and mediastinal branches\, and the superior phrenic\, posterior intercostal III to XI\, and subcostal arteries; it is continuous through the diaphragm with the abdominal aorta. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "aorta thoracalis" [] synonym: "pars thoracica aortae" [] synonym: "thoracic aorta" [] is_a: BTO:0000135 [Term] id: BTO:0000158 name: plant bud def: "A small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower\, leaf\, or shoot." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=bud] synonym: "bud" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001300 [Term] id: BTO:0000159 name: bulb def: "A resting stage of a plant (as the lily\, onion\, hyacinth\, or tulip) that is usually formed underground and consists of a short stem base bearing one or more buds enclosed in overlapping membranous or fleshy leaves." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=bulb] is_a: BTO:0000720 [Term] id: BTO:0000160 name: bundle sheath def: "Sheath of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells surrounding the vascular bundles in leaves." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005726" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000713 [Term] id: BTO:0000161 name: lung fibroblast cell line is_a: BTO:0000353 is_a: BTO:0000453 relationship: DRV BTO:0000764 [Term] id: BTO:0000162 name: culture condition:butyrate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000163 name: corolla def: "Collective term for the petals of a flower." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005654" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001727 [Term] id: BTO:0000164 name: Burkitt lymphoma cell def: "Malignant tumour cell of lymphoblasts derived from B-lymphocytes. Most commonly affects children in tropical Africa\: both Epstein-Barr virus and immunosuppression due to malarial infection are involved." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] synonym: "African lymphoma cell" [] synonym: "Burkitt's lymphoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000785 [Term] id: BTO:0000165 name: C2C12 cell def: "This is a subclone (produced by H. Blau\, et al) of the mouse myoblast cell line established by D. Yaffe and O. Saxel. The C2C12 cell line differentiates rapidly\, forming contractile myotubes and producing characteristic muscle proteins. Treatment with bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) cause a shift in the differentiation pathway from myoblastic to osteoblastic. " [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] is_a: BTO:0000256 [Term] id: BTO:0000166 name: cecum def: "The first part of the large intestine\, forming a dilated pouch into which open the ileum\, colon\, and appendix vermiformis." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "blind intestine" [] synonym: "blindgut" [] synonym: "caecum" [] synonym: "intestinum caecum" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000706 relationship: part_of BTO:0002273 [Term] id: BTO:0000167 name: adenocarcinoma cell line is_a: BTO:0000297 relationship: DRV BTO:0000604 [Term] id: BTO:0000168 name: carotid artery def: "A key artery located in the front of the neck that carries blood from the heart to the brain. Cholesterol plaques on the inner wall of the carotid artery can lead to stroke. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] is_a: BTO:0000573 relationship: part_of BTO:0000420 [Term] id: BTO:0000169 name: calyx def: "The usually green outer whorl of a flower consisting of sepals." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=calyx] synonym: "GRO\:0005653" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001727 [Term] id: BTO:0000170 name: cambium def: "A thin formative layer between the xylem and phloem of most vascular plants that gives rise to new cells and is responsible for secondary growth;\nA lateral meristem in vascular plants\, including the vascular cambium and cork cambium\, that forms parallel rows of cells resulting in secondary tissues." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cambium, The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "GRO\:0005597" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001119 relationship: part_of BTO:0001188 relationship: part_of BTO:0001299 [Term] id: BTO:0000171 name: L-cell def: "A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS." [Medical Dictionary Online:http //www.online-medical-dictionary.org/] is_a: BTO:0000453 [Term] id: BTO:0000172 name: pileus def: "The convex\, concave\, or flattened spore-bearing structure of some basidiomycetes that is attached superiorly to the stem and typically is expanded with gills or pores on the underside." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=pileus] synonym: "FAO\:0000009" [] synonym: "cap" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000487 [Term] id: BTO:0000173 name: fruit capsule def: "A simple fruit that develops from a compound ovary with two or more carpels; capsules dehisce in many ways\, example\: cotton." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "plant capsule" [] is_a: BTO:0000486 is_a: BTO:0001287 [Term] id: BTO:0000174 name: embryonic structure def: "An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed. In mammals\, for example\, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. This structure may be normal or abnormal. " [Harvard Medical School:http //dsg.harvard.edu/courses/hst952/UMLSSemanticTypes.doc] is_a: BTO:0000284 is_a: BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000175 name: epithalamus def: "The caudal part of the roof and the adjoining lateral walls of the third ventricle of the diencephalon\, comprising the habenular nuclei and their commissure\, pineal body\, and commissure of the epithalamus." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epithalamus] relationship: part_of BTO:0000342 [Term] id: BTO:0000176 name: carcinoma cell def: "A cell of malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "basal cell epithelioma cell" [] synonym: "epithelial cancer cell" [] synonym: "malignant epithelioma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000415 [Term] id: BTO:0000177 name: BG-1 cell def: "Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line." [PMID:11578462] synonym: "BG1 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001882 [Term] id: BTO:0000178 name: adenoma cell def: "A benign epithelial tumor cell in which the cells form recognizable glandular structures or in which the cells are clearly derived from glandular epithelium." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000415 [Term] id: BTO:0000179 name: Colo-205 cell def: "Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Isolated from ascitic fluid of a 70-year-old Caucasian male with carcinoma of the colon." [HyperCLDB:http //www.biotech.ist.unige.it] synonym: "Colo205 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001913 [Term] id: BTO:0000180 name: cervical carcinoma cell def: "A cancer cell of the uterine cervix (the neck of the uterus)." [The Cancer Information Network \, Medical Terms Used In Oncology:http //www.cancerlinksusa.com/tools/glossary.htm] synonym: "carcinoma cell\, cervical" [] synonym: "carcinoma cell. cervix" [] synonym: "cervix carcinoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001421 [Term] id: BTO:0000181 name: Lewis lung carcinoma cell line synonym: "LLC cell line" [] is_a: BTO:0000762 relationship: DRV BTO:0000745 [Term] id: BTO:0000182 name: HT-29 cell def: "Human colon adenocarcinoma\, established from the primary tumor of a 44-year-old Caucasian woman with colon adenocarcinoma in 1964; described to be heterotransplantable forming well-differentiated grade I tumors." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0001913 [Term] id: BTO:0000183 name: pancreatic cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000988 [Term] id: BTO:0000184 name: medullary thyroid carcinoma cell def: "A cell ot a type of thyroid gland carcinoma that contains amyloid deposits and parafollicular cells and secretes calcitonin. It occurs in both an autosomal dominant form as a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia\, types II and III\, and in a nonfamilial form." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "MTC cell" [] synonym: "medullary carcinoma cell of thyroid gland" [] synonym: "thyroid carcinoma cell\, medullary" [] is_a: BTO:0000191 is_a: BTO:0000196 [Term] id: BTO:0000185 name: medullary breast carcinoma cell def: "A cell of a rare type of breast cancer that often can be treated successfully. It is marked by lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in and around the tumor that can be seen when viewed under a microscope. " [Glossary of Cancer terms:http //www.webref.org/cancer/m/medullary_breast_carcinoma.htm] is_a: BTO:0000150 is_a: BTO:0000191 [Term] id: BTO:0000186 name: lobular carcinoma cell def: "A cell of an infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer\, relatively uncommon\, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumours in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast\, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] is_a: BTO:0000150 [Term] id: BTO:0000187 name: myeloblast def: "A large mononuclear nongranular bone-marrow cell; especially\: one that is a precursor of a myelocyte." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=myeloblast] relationship: part_of BTO:0000141 [Term] id: BTO:0000188 name: colonic cell line is_a: BTO:0000003 relationship: DRV BTO:0000269 [Term] id: BTO:0000189 name: small cell lung cancer cell def: "A cell of a common\, highly malignant form of bronchogenic carcinoma in the wall of a major bronchus\, occurring mainly in middle-aged individuals with a history of tobacco smoking; it is radiosensitive and has small oval undifferentiated cells that are intensely hematoxyphilic. Metastasis to the hilum and to mediastinal lymph nodes is common. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "SCLC cell" [] synonym: "small cell carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "small cell lung carcinoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0002061 [Term] id: BTO:0000190 name: Ehrlich tumor carcinoma cell def: "A Ehrlich tumor carcinoma is a transplantable\, poorly differentiated malignant tumour which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] is_a: BTO:0000150 [Term] id: BTO:0000191 name: medullary carcinoma cell def: "A cell of a carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] synonym: "carcinoma molle cell" [] synonym: "carcinoma spongiosum cell" [] synonym: "cerebriform cancer cell" [] synonym: "cerebriform carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "encephaloid cancer cell" [] synonym: "soft cancer cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000176 [Term] id: BTO:0000192 name: nasopharynx carcinoma cell def: "A cell of a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the nasopharynx. " [The Cancer Center at Saint Mary's Mercy Medical Center \, Glossary of Terms:http //www.smcancercenter.com/resource/n.shtml] synonym: "carcinoma cell\, nasopharynx" [] synonym: "nasopharyngeal cancer cell" [] synonym: "nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "nasopharynx cancer cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000176 [Term] id: BTO:0000193 name: rectal cancer cell def: "Cancer cell of the rectum." [Atlas of Gastroenterological Endoscopy:http //www.endoskopischer-atlas.de/lexe.htm] synonym: "carcinoma cell\, rectal" [] synonym: "rectal carcinoma cell" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001158 [Term] id: BTO:0000194 name: endometrioid carcinoma cell def: "Ovarian carcinoma cell which resembles typical carcinoma of the endometrium and may be seen with a synchronous endometrial carcinoma. When they appear together\, both tend to be of low stage. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] is_a: BTO:0001023 relationship: DRV BTO:0001422 [Term] id: BTO:0000195 name: CACO-2 cell def: "Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line\, established from the primary colon tumor (adenocarcinoma) of a 72-year-old Caucasian man in 1974." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "Caco-2 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0001913 [Term] id: BTO:0000196 name: thyroid cancer cell def: "Cancer cell of the thyroid gland." [Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki \, Dictionary of Medical Terms:http //www.med.auth.gr/db/dictionary1/gr/] synonym: "carcinoma cell\, thyroid" [] synonym: "thyroid carcinoma cell" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001379 [Term] id: BTO:0000197 name: carcinosarcoma cell def: "A cell of a malignant tumor that is a mixture of carcinoma (cancer of epithelial tissue\, which is skin and tissue that lines or covers the internal organs) and sarcoma (cancer of connective tissue\, such as bone\, cartilage\, and fat). " [Medical Dictionary \, Hyperdictionary:http //www.hyperdictionary.com/medical/carcinosarcoma] is_a: BTO:0000176 is_a: BTO:0001207 [Term] id: BTO:0000198 name: cardia def: "The opening of the esophagus into the stomach; also\: the part of the stomach adjoining this opening." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cardia] relationship: part_of BTO:0000959 [Term] id: BTO:0000199 name: cardiac muscle def: "The principal muscle tissue of the vertebrate heart made up of striated fibers that appear to be separated from each other under the electron microscope but that function in long-term rhythmic contraction as if in protoplasmic continuity." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cardiac+muscle] synonym: "heart muscle" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000562 relationship: part_of BTO:0001369 [Term] id: BTO:0000200 name: culture condition:2-chloropropionate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000201 name: pheochromocytoma cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0001054 [Term] id: BTO:0000202 name: sense organ def: "A bodily structure that receives a stimulus (as heat or sound waves) and is affected in such a manner as to initiate a wave of excitation in associated sensory nerve fibers which convey specific impulses to the central nervous system where they are interpreted as corresponding sensations\: RECEPTOR." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=sense+organ] relationship: part_of BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000203 name: respiratory system def: "A system of organs subserving the function of respiration and in air-breathing vertebrates consisting typically of the lungs and their nervous and circulatory supply and the channels by which these are continuous with the outer air." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=respiratory+system] relationship: part_of BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000204 name: carotid body def: "A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body\, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries\, senses the pH\, carbon dioxide\, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control. " [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] is_a: BTO:0000202 relationship: part_of BTO:0000168 [Term] id: BTO:0000205 name: nerve plexus def: "A plexus made up of intermingled nerve fibers." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: DRV BTO:0000925 [Term] id: BTO:0000206 name: cartilage def: "A specialized\, fibrous connective tissue\, forming most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo\, providing a model in which most of the bones develop\, and constituting an important part of the growth mechanism of the organism. It exists in several types\, the most important of which are hyaline cartilage\, elastic cartilage\, and fibrocartilage. Also used as a general term to designate a mass of such tissue in a particular site in the body. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000421 relationship: part_of BTO:0001486 [Term] id: BTO:0000207 name: tibial cartilage def: "Cartilage pertaining to the tibia." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000206 is_a: BTO:0001252 [Term] id: BTO:0000208 name: caryopsis def: "Simple\, dry\, indehiscent fruit with a single seed that is fused to the ovary wall\, example\: wheat." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "grain" [] is_a: BTO:0000486 [Term] id: BTO:0000209 name: corpus epididymis def: "The body of the epididymis." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0000408 [Term] id: BTO:0000210 name: cauda epididymis def: "The tail of the epididymis." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "epididymal cauda" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000408 [Term] id: BTO:0000211 name: caudate nucleus def: "One of the centrally-located portions of the brain affected by Huntington's Disease. Speech and swallowing problems arise when this region and another region called the putamen are affected." [Dictionary of Huntington's Disease (HD) Terms:http //www.hdsa-wi.org/dictionary.htm] relationship: DRV BTO:0000418 relationship: part_of BTO:0001311 [Term] id: BTO:0000212 name: caudate putamen def: "A centrally-located portion of the brain affected by Huntington's Disease. The putamen is structurally similar to the caudate nucleus together with which it composes what is termed the striatum." [Dictionary of Huntington's Disease (HD) Terms:http //www.hdsa-wi.org/dictionary.htm] relationship: DRV BTO:0000418 relationship: part_of BTO:0002250 [Term] id: BTO:0000213 name: cecum mucosa is_a: BTO:0000642 relationship: part_of BTO:0000166 [Term] id: BTO:0000214 name: cell culture def: "Cells taken from a living organism and grown under controlled conditions (“in culture”). Methods used to maintain cell lines or strains." [Glossary of Fermentation & Cell Culture Terms:http //www.nbsc.com/files/papers/bp0600_gloss_36-44.pdf] is_a: BTO:0001490 [Term] id: BTO:0000215 name: culture condition:galactonate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000216 name: culture condition relationship: part_of BTO:0000214 [Term] id: BTO:0000217 name: MH-7777A cell def: "Rat hepatoma\, established from the liver tumor of a Buffalo rat; tumor cells were propagated in the hind leg." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0000578 [Term] id: BTO:0000218 name: BALB/3T3 cell def: "The BALB/3T3 clone A31 is one of several cell lines (see ATCC CCL-164\, BALB/3T12) developed by S.A. Aaronson and G.T. Todaro in 1968 from disaggregated 14- to 17-day-old BALB/c mouse embryos." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] is_a: BTO:0001958 [Term] id: BTO:0000219 name: MH-3924 cell def: "Rat Morris hepatoma cell line." [PMID:3716925, PMID:12798353] synonym: "MH3924 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000578 [Term] id: BTO:0000220 name: MH1C1 cell def: "Rat hepatoma\, a clonal strain of epithelial cells was derived from a transplantable Morris hepatoma (#7795\, Buffalo strain) in 1967; cells were described to synthesize and to secrete serum albumin and serum complement component C9." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "MH 1 C 1 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000578 [Term] id: BTO:0000221 name: cell suspension culture def: "Particles floating in (not necessarily on) a liquid medium\, or the mix of particles and liquid itself." [Glossary of Fermentation & Cell Culture Terms:http //www.nbsc.com/files/papers/bp0600_gloss_36-44.pdf] is_a: BTO:0000214 [Term] id: BTO:0000222 name: myoblast def: "An embryonic cell that becomes a cell of muscle fiber." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "sarcoblast" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000379 [Term] id: BTO:0000223 name: teratocarcinoma cell def: "A malignant tumor cell of the testis composed of teratoma and embryonal carcinoma." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000279 [Term] id: BTO:0000224 name: liver cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000759 [Term] id: BTO:0000225 name: CEM cell def: "CEM is a camptothecin (CPT) resistant derivative of the human T cell leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM. The cell line was selected and subcloned in 1991 for resistance to CPT. \nEstablished from an 4-year-old caucasian female." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] relationship: DRV BTO:0000736 [Term] id: BTO:0000226 name: gitter cell def: "A microglial cell that is globular and swollen after having phagocytized debris from cells destroyed pathologically in the central nervous system." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "compound granular corpuscle" [] synonym: "compound granule cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000103 [Term] id: BTO:0000227 name: central nervous system def: "The central nervous system is that part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. The other is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which is outside the brain and spinal cord. " [Medical Dictionary \, Medterms:http //www.medterms.com] synonym: "CNS" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001484 [Term] id: BTO:0000228 name: C-1300 cell def: "Mouse neuroblastoma cell line." [PMID:11579158] synonym: "C1300 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000932 [Term] id: BTO:0000229 name: centrum semiovale def: "The white matter of the cerebral hemispheres which underlies the cerebral cortex and which\, in horizontal sections superior to the corpus callosum\, has a semioval shape; it contains projection\, commissural\, and association fibers." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "semioval center" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000236 [Term] id: BTO:0000230 name: subarachnoid space def: "The space between the arachnoidea mater and the pia mater\, containing cerebrospinal fluid and bridged by delicate trabeculae." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "cavitas subarachnoidea" [] synonym: "spatium leptomeningeum" [] synonym: "spatium subarachnoideum" [] synonym: "subarachnoid cavity" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000818 [Term] id: BTO:0000231 name: cerebral hemisphere def: "Either of the two hollow convoluted lateral halves of the cerebrum." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cerebral+hemisphere] relationship: part_of BTO:0000239 [Term] id: BTO:0000232 name: cerebellum def: "A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium\, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum \, and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cerebellum] relationship: part_of BTO:0000673 [Term] id: BTO:0000233 name: cerebral cortex def: "The surface layer of gray matter of the cerebrum that functions chiefly in coordination of sensory and motor information." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cerebral+cortex] synonym: "brain cortex" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000231 [Term] id: BTO:0000234 name: vein def: "Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=vein] is_a: BTO:0001102 [Term] id: BTO:0000235 name: basal ganglion def: "Any of four deeply placed masses of gray matter (as the amygdala) in each cerebral hemisphere. Location\: The basal ganglion is located deep within the cerebral hemispheres in the telencephalon region of the brain. It consists of the corpus stratium\, subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. " [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=basal+ganglion] synonym: "basal nucleus" [] is_a: BTO:0000497 relationship: part_of BTO:0000233 [Term] id: BTO:0000236 name: cerebral white matter def: "Whitish nerve tissue\, especially of the brain and spinal cord\, consisting chiefly of myelinated nerve fibers." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "white matter" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000142 relationship: part_of BTO:0001279 [Term] id: BTO:0000237 name: cerebrospinal fluid def: "The serumlike fluid that circulates through the ventricles of the brain\, the cavity of the spinal cord\, and the subarachnoid space\, functioning in shock absorption." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "CSF" [] synonym: "cerebral spinal fluid" [] synonym: "spinal fluid" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000258 relationship: part_of BTO:0000230 relationship: part_of BTO:0001279 [Term] id: BTO:0000238 name: cerebrovascular endothelial cell def: "Endothelial cell of or involving the cerebrum and the blood vessels supplying it." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cerebrovascular] is_a: BTO:0001854 relationship: part_of BTO:0000239 relationship: part_of BTO:0001852 [Term] id: BTO:0000239 name: telencephalon def: "An enlarged anterior or upper part of the brain; especially\: the expanded anterior portion of the brain that in higher mammals overlies the rest of the brain\, consists of cerebral hemispheres and connecting structures\, and is considered to be the seat of conscious mental processes." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=telencephalon] synonym: "cerebrum" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000478 [Term] id: BTO:0000240 name: inferior cervical ganglion def: "An inconstant ganglion formed in place of the usual cervicothoracic ganglion by fusion of the lower two cervical ganglia in instances where the first thoracic ganglion remains separate." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "ganglion cervicale inferioris" [] is_a: BTO:0000113 [Term] id: BTO:0000241 name: cervical epithelium is_a: BTO:0000416 relationship: part_of BTO:0001421 [Term] id: BTO:0000242 name: cervical mucus def: "A substance produced by the cervix and endocervical glands." [Dictionary of Terms:http //www.dreamababy.com/dictionary.htm] relationship: REL BTO:0001421 [Term] id: BTO:0000243 name: vagina def: "A canal in a female mammal that leads from the uterus to the external orifice of the genital canal." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=vagina] is_a: BTO:0003099 relationship: part_of BTO:0000083 [Term] id: BTO:0000244 name: culture condition:chlorobenzene-induced cell is_a: BTO:0000001 [Term] id: BTO:0000245 name: culture condition:chlorobenzoate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000246 name: CHO cell def: "Chinese hamster ovary cell line\, that was initiated from an ovary biopsy of an adult Chinese hamster in 1957." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0000977 [Term] id: BTO:0000247 name: shoot tip def: "The terminal bud (0.1 - 1.0 mm) of a plant\, which consists of the apical meristem (0.05 - 0.1 mm) and the immediate surrounding leaf primordia and developing leaves and adjacent stem tissue." [Dictionary of Genomics (Japan):http //cny.new21.net/dictionary/s-e.html] synonym: "GRO\:0000370" [] synonym: "shoot apex" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001243 [Term] id: BTO:0000248 name: chondroclast def: "A giant cell of the class that is believed associated with the absorption of cartilage." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000801 relationship: part_of BTO:0000206 [Term] id: BTO:0000249 name: chondrocyte def: "Cartilage cells. They make the structural components of cartilage." [Cancer.gov Dictionary:http //www.nci.nih.gov/dictionary] synonym: "cartilage cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000206 [Term] id: BTO:0000250 name: chondrosarcoma cell def: "Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor derived from cartilage cells or their precursors\, but lacking direct osteoid formation; it occurs predominantly in the pelvis\, femur\, and shoulder girdle in middle-aged to older adults. It may be primary\, arising from cartilage cells\, or secondary to a pre-existing benign lesion." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000372 is_a: BTO:0001207 [Term] id: BTO:0000251 name: chorioallantois def: "A vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois that in the hen's egg is used as a living culture medium for viruses and for tissues." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=chorioallantois] synonym: "chorioallantoic membrane" [] is_a: BTO:0000473 [Term] id: BTO:0000252 name: chorion def: "The outer membrane of the two membranes enclosing the embryo in reptiles\, birds\, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000473 [Term] id: BTO:0000253 name: BEN cell def: "Human lung carcinoma; established from the supraclavicular tumor cells-containing lymph node of a 71-year-old man with poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0000762 [Term] id: BTO:0000254 name: female reproductive gland is_a: BTO:0001488 relationship: part_of BTO:0000083 [Term] id: BTO:0000255 name: brain cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000142 [Term] id: BTO:0000256 name: myoblast cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000222 [Term] id: BTO:0000257 name: uterine cancer cell relationship: DRV BTO:0001424 [Term] id: BTO:0000258 name: choroid plexus def: "The choroid plexus is tissue located in the spaces inside the brain called ventricles. The choroid plexus makes the fluid that fills the ventricles and surrounds the brain and spinal cord." [Cancer.gov Dictionary:http //www.nci.nih.gov/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0001442 [Term] id: BTO:0000259 name: chromaffin cell def: "A type of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells that stain readily with chromium salts\, their cytoplasmic granules taking on a characteristic brown color; they are found especially in cells of the adrenal medulla and in paraganglia of the coccygeal gland and carotid gland\, along the sympathetic nerves\, and in various organs. They contain chromaffin granules. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "pheochrome cell" [] synonym: "pheochromocytes" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000049 [Term] id: BTO:0000260 name: ciliary body def: "Tissue that includes the group of muscles that act on the eye lens to produce accommodation and the arterial circle of the iris. The inner ciliary epithelium is continuous with the pigmented retinal epithelium\, the outer ciliary epithelium secretes the aqueous humour." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] relationship: part_of BTO:0000439 [Term] id: BTO:0000261 name: culture condition:mannitol-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000262 name: clove def: "One of the small bulbs (as in garlic) developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=clove] is_a: BTO:0000159 [Term] id: BTO:0000263 name: P-388D1(IL-1) cell def: "Mouse monocytes-macrophages\, established from the ascites of a DBA/2 mouse with a lymphoid neoplasm induced by methylcholanthrene and subsequently enriched for adherent (monocyte-macrophage) cells by selection (yielding this IL1-producing subclone); reported to produce IL-1 after stimulation with LPS or PMA\, to phagocytize latex articles and to synthesize lysozyme." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0000984 [Term] id: BTO:0000264 name: bone marrow cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000141 [Term] id: BTO:0000265 name: coagulating gland is_a: BTO:0000080 [Term] id: BTO:0000266 name: cob def: "The central axis/core of the 'ear' (distal end of the lateral branch/ear shoot) upon which the kernels (caryopses) are borne. The cob is similar to the central spike of the tassel (male inflorescence) in that it produces multiple rows of paired spikelets (polystichous phyllotaxy). " [Maize DB:http //www.maizemap.org/MMP_Downloads/POC/Zea_mays_anatomy_ontology_definitions.txt] comment: Zea mays synonym: "GRO\:0005440" [] is_a: BTO:0001278 [Term] id: BTO:0000267 name: cochlea def: "A division of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear of higher vertebrates that is usually coiled like a snail shell and is the seat of the hearing organ." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cochlea] relationship: part_of BTO:0000630 [Term] id: BTO:0000268 name: coleoptile def: "The first leaf of a monocotyledon forming a protective sheath about the plumule." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=coleoptile] synonym: "GRO\:0005373" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001495 [Term] id: BTO:0000269 name: colon def: "The part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=colon] relationship: part_of BTO:0000706 relationship: part_of BTO:0001613 [Term] id: BTO:0000270 name: colon ascendens def: "The portion of the colon between the cecum and the right colic flexure." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "ascending colon" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000269 [Term] id: BTO:0000271 name: colonic mucosa synonym: "colon mucosa" [] is_a: BTO:0000642 relationship: part_of BTO:0000269 [Term] id: BTO:0000272 name: colon transversum def: "The portion of the colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen\, from the right to the left colic flexure." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0000269 [Term] id: BTO:0000273 name: ink gland def: "The ink gland and ink sac are specializations of the rectal gland. " [The Columbia Encyclopedia:Sixth Edition. 2001] is_a: BTO:0001157 [Term] id: BTO:0000274 name: apical bud def: "The uppermost bud on a stem." [Glossary of Gardening Terms:http //www.geocities.com/impatients63/DictB.htm] synonym: "terminal bud" [] is_a: BTO:0000158 [Term] id: BTO:0000275 name: colonocyte relationship: REL BTO:0000305 [Term] id: BTO:0000276 name: colostrum def: "Milk secreted for a few days after parturition and characterized by high protein and antibody content." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=colostrum] is_a: BTO:0000868 [Term] id: BTO:0000277 name: columnella muscle def: "The muscle of the central column or axis of a spiral univalve shell." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=columella] synonym: "columella muscle" [] is_a: BTO:0001262 relationship: part_of BTO:0001266 [Term] id: BTO:0000278 name: commercial preparation synonym: "commercial product" [] is_a: BTO:0001490 [Term] id: BTO:0000279 name: testicular cancer cell relationship: DRV BTO:0001363 [Term] id: BTO:0000280 name: cone def: "A mass of ovule-bearing or pollen-bearing scales or bracts in trees of the pine family or in cycads that are arranged usually on a somewhat elongated axis." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cone] is_a: BTO:0000469 [Term] id: BTO:0000281 name: conidiophore def: "A specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000612 [Term] id: BTO:0000282 name: head def: "The upper or anterior division of the animal body that contains the brain\, the chief sense organs\, and the mouth." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=head] relationship: part_of BTO:0001493 [Term] id: BTO:0000283 name: conidium def: "An asexual spore produced on a conidiophore." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=conidium] synonym: "conidiospore" [] is_a: BTO:0001171 relationship: part_of BTO:0000281 [Term] id: BTO:0000284 name: organism form is_a: BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000285 name: corm def: "A rounded thick modified underground stem base bearing membranous or scaly leaves and buds and acting as a vegetative reproductive structure." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=corm] synonym: "GRO\:0005787" [] is_a: BTO:0000720 is_a: BTO:0001300 [Term] id: BTO:0000286 name: cornea def: "The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cornea] relationship: part_of BTO:0000439 [Term] id: BTO:0000287 name: corneal epithelium def: "Posterior epithelium of cornea\: the mesothelial layer covering the posterior surface of the posterior limiting lamina of the cornea; it was once believed to extend to the anterior surface of the stroma of the iris.\n" [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "anterior endothelium of cornea" [] synonym: "corneal endothelium" [] synonym: "endothelium anterius corneae" [] synonym: "endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi" [] synonym: "endothelium corneale" [] synonym: "epithelium posterius corneae" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000286 [Term] id: BTO:0000288 name: corona def: "An appendage or series of united appendages on the inner side of the corolla in some flowers (as the daffodil\, jonquil\, or milkweed)." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=corona] synonym: "paracorolla" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000163 [Term] id: BTO:0000289 name: cytotoxic T-cell def: "Subset of T-lymphocytes (mostly CD8+) responsible for lysing target cells and for killing virus-infected cells." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] synonym: "CTL" [] synonym: "cytolytic T-cell" [] synonym: "cytolytic T-lymphocyte" [] synonym: "cytotoxic T-lymphocyte" [] synonym: "killer T-cell" [] synonym: "killer T-lymphocyte" [] is_a: BTO:0000782 [Term] id: BTO:0000290 name: coronary artery def: "Either of two arteries that arise one from the left and one from the right side of the aorta immediately above the semilunar valves and supply the tissues of the heart itself." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=coronary+artery] is_a: BTO:0000573 [Term] id: BTO:0000291 name: corpus allatum def: "One of a pair of separate or fused bodies in many insects that are sometimes closely associated with the corpora cardiaca and that secrete hormones (as juvenile hormone)." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=allatum] synonym: "corpora allata" [] is_a: BTO:0001488 is_a: BTO:0001803 [Term] id: BTO:0000292 name: corpus luteum def: "A yellowish mass of progesterone-secreting endocrine tissue that forms immediately after ovulation from the ruptured graafian follicle in the mammalian ovary." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=corpus+luteum] is_a: BTO:0000389 [Term] id: BTO:0000293 name: occipital lobe def: "This lobe is located at the back of the head and is involved in vision and reading." [Princeton University \, Department of Molecular Biology:http //www.molbio.princeton.edu/courses/mb427/2000/projects/0008/anatobrainmain.html] synonym: "occipital cortex" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000445 [Term] id: BTO:0000294 name: dermis def: "The sensitive vascular inner mesodermic layer of the skin." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=dermis] synonym: "corium" [] synonym: "cutis" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001253 [Term] id: BTO:0000295 name: WEHI-3 cell def: "Mouse\, BALB/c\, monocyte\, monocytic leukemia cell line." [HyperCLDB:http //www.biotech.ist.unige.it] is_a: BTO:0002332 [Term] id: BTO:0000296 name: SW-1088 cell def: "Brain astrocytoma cell line. The SW 1088 cell line was initiated by A. Leibovitz at the Scott and White Clinic\, Temple\, Texas in 1975 from an astrocytoma taken from a 72 year old male Caucasian." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] synonym: "SW1088 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000101 [Term] id: BTO:0000297 name: carcinoma cell line is_a: BTO:0001120 relationship: DRV BTO:0000176 [Term] id: BTO:0000298 name: COS-7 cell def: "African green monkey kidney derived from CV-1\, a simian cell line (cercopithecus aethiops)\, by transformation with an origin-defective mutant of SV-40; cells were described to support the growth of SV-40 viruses." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "COS7 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000067 [Term] id: BTO:0000299 name: cotton fiber def: "Each seed of a cotton plant is surrounded with downy fiber\, white or creamy in color and easily spun. The fibers flatten and twist naturally as they dry." [The Columbia Encyclopedia:Sixth Edition. 2001] is_a: BTO:0000450 relationship: REL BTO:0001226 [Term] id: BTO:0000300 name: cotyledon def: "A seed leaf; the first leaf formed in a seed." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005358" [] is_a: BTO:0000713 relationship: DRV BTO:0001226 relationship: part_of BTO:0001233 [Term] id: BTO:0000301 name: crop def: "A pouched enlargement of the gullet of many birds that serves as a receptacle for food and for its preliminary maceration; also\: an enlargement of the gullet of another animal (as an insect)." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=crop] relationship: part_of BTO:0001049 [Term] id: BTO:0000302 name: ring gland def: "Hormonal cells involved in the production and release of ecdysone and juvenile hormone." [East Tennessee State University \, Department of Biological Sciences \, Dr. Karl H. Joplin:http //www.etsu.edu/biology/joplin.htm] relationship: part_of BTO:0000291 relationship: part_of BTO:0000432 relationship: part_of BTO:0000707 relationship: part_of BTO:0001143 relationship: part_of BTO:0001368 [Term] id: BTO:0000303 name: crown gall def: "A disease that affects many species of plants and is caused by a bacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) which forms tumorous enlargements just below the ground on the stem." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=crown+gall] is_a: BTO:0000677 [Term] id: BTO:0000304 name: PANC-1 cell def: "Human\, Caucasian\, pancreas\, carcinoma cell line. Established from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal origin from a 56-year-old Caucasian male. Cells possess the type B phenotype for G6PD." [HyperCLDB:http //www.biotech.ist.unige.it] is_a: BTO:0000794 [Term] id: BTO:0000305 name: crypt def: "A crypt is a deep pit that protrudes down into the connective tissue surrounding the small intestine. The epithelium at the base of the crypt is the site of stem cell proliferation and the differentiated cells move upwards and are shed 3-5 days later at the tips of the villi." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] relationship: REL BTO:0000421 relationship: part_of BTO:0000651 [Term] id: BTO:0000306 name: teratocarcinoma cell line is_a: BTO:0001560 relationship: DRV BTO:0000223 [Term] id: BTO:0000307 name: crystalline style def: "The crystalline style\, a gelatinous rod\, projects into the stomach and stirs the contents as well as produces digestive enzymes to aid digestion. " [Aquaculture Curriculum Guide:http //aquanic.org/publicat/govagen/ncae/bcccult.pdf] comment: In mollusks\, valves. relationship: part_of BTO:0000511 [Term] id: BTO:0000308 name: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cell line synonym: "CTL cell line" [] is_a: BTO:0001045 [Term] id: BTO:0000309 name: bundle sheath cell def: "Cells surrounding the vascular bundle in C4 plants." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived >from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005728" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000160 [Term] id: BTO:0000310 name: protophloem def: "The first-formed phloem that develops from procambium\, consists of narrow thin-walled cells capable of a limited amount of stretching\, and is usually associated with a region of rapid growth." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=protophloem] synonym: "GRO\:0000346" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001119 [Term] id: BTO:0000311 name: culture filtrate relationship: part_of BTO:0000214 [Term] id: BTO:0000312 name: motoneuron def: "A neuron with a motor function; an efferent neuron conveying motor impulses." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "motor neuron" [] is_a: BTO:0000938 [Term] id: BTO:0000313 name: hypodermis def: "1\: Subcutaneous tissue. \n2\: The outer cellular layer of the body of invertebrates which secretes the cuticular exoskeleton." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000634 [Term] id: BTO:0000314 name: neuroepithelium def: "1\: Simple columnar epithelium made up of cells specialized to serve as sensory cells for the reception of external stimuli\, as the sensory cells of the cochlea\, vestibule\, nasal mucosa\, and tongue. \n2\: The epithelium of the ectoderm\, from which the central nervous system is developed." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "sensory epithelium" [] is_a: BTO:0000416 relationship: part_of BTO:0000315 [Term] id: BTO:0000315 name: ectoderm def: "The outer of the three germ layers of the embryo (the other two being mesoderm and endoderm). Ectoderm gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] is_a: BTO:0000556 [Term] id: BTO:0000316 name: culture medium def: "A substance\, either solid or liquid\, used for the cultivation\, isolation\, identification\, or storage of microorganisms." [Online-Biology-Dictionary:http //www.biology-online.org/dictionary/] synonym: "growth medium" [] synonym: "medium" [] synonym: "nutrient medium" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000214 [Term] id: BTO:0000317 name: caulonema def: "The secondary\, bud-generating part of the filamentous moss protonema\, typically reddish-brown\, having few chloroplasts and consisting of long cells with oblique end walls." [Glossarium Polyglottum Bryoloigiae:http //mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?GLOSE=208] relationship: part_of BTO:0001134 [Term] id: BTO:0000318 name: CV-1 cell alt_id: BTO:0002653 def: "Normal kidney cell line. The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of a male adult African green monkey by F.C. Jensen\, et al. in March\, 1964 for use in Rous sarcoma virus transformation studies." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] synonym: "CV 1 cell" [] synonym: "CV1 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000067 is_a: BTO:0000453 [Term] id: BTO:0000319 name: culture condition:cyclohexanol-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000320 name: cyst def: "A body resembling a cyst\: as a \n1. capsule formed about a minute organism going into a resting or spore stage; also\: this capsule with its contents.\n2. a resistant cover about a parasite produced by the parasite or the host." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cyst] is_a: BTO:0000139 is_a: BTO:0000284 [Term] id: BTO:0000321 name: plant cuticle def: "A thin continuous fatty or waxy film on the external surface of many higher plants that consists chiefly of cutin." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cuticle] synonym: "GRO\:0005686" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000718 [Term] id: BTO:0000322 name: cytotrophoblast def: "The cellular (inner) layer of the trophoblast. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "Langhans' layer" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001079 [Term] id: BTO:0000323 name: culture condition:D-mandelate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000324 name: culture condition:D-arabinose-induced cell is_a: BTO:0000001 [Term] id: BTO:0000325 name: culture condition:D-galactose-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000326 name: culture condition:D-lyxose-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000327 name: culture condition:D-mannose-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000328 name: culture condition:D-phenylglycine-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000329 name: culture condition:D-ribose-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000330 name: culture condition:D-ribose-induced cell is_a: BTO:0000001 [Term] id: BTO:0000331 name: L-929 cell def: "Mouse connective tissue fibroblast\, established from the normal subcutaneous areolar and adipose tissue of a male C3H/An mouse; used as target in TNF detection assays." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "L929 cell" [] synonym: "NCTC clone 929" [] is_a: BTO:0000453 [Term] id: BTO:0000332 name: culture condition:dark-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000333 name: renal corpuscle def: "A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "Malphigian corpuscle" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000924 [Term] id: BTO:0000334 name: decidua parietalis def: "The part of the decidua in the pregnant human female lining the uterus . " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] synonym: "decidua vera" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001360 [Term] id: BTO:0000335 name: deciduoma cell def: "1\: A cell of a mass of tissue formed in the uterus following pregnancy that contains remnants of chorionic or decidual tissue.\n2\: A cell of decidual tissue induced in the uterus (as by trauma) in the absence of pregnancy." [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: DRV BTO:0001360 [Term] id: BTO:0000336 name: caput epididymis def: "The head of the epididymis." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0000408 [Term] id: BTO:0000337 name: dental follicle def: "The structure within the developing alveolar bone of the jaws enclosing the tooth germ. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "tooth follicle" [] is_a: BTO:0001511 relationship: REL BTO:0001090 [Term] id: BTO:0000338 name: dental plaque def: "A soft\, thin film of food debris\, mucin\, and dead epithelial cells deposited on the teeth\, providing the medium for the growth of various bacteria. The main inorganic components are calcium and phosphorus\, with small amounts of magnesium\, potassium\, and sodium; the organic matrix consists of polysaccharides\, proteins\, carbohydrates\, lipids\, and other components. Plaque plays an important etiologic role in the development of dental caries and periodontal and gingival diseases and provides the base for the development of materia alba; calcified plaque forms dental calculus." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "bacterial plaque" [] relationship: REL BTO:0000397 [Term] id: BTO:0000339 name: dental pulp def: "The soft sensitive tissue that fills the central cavity of a tooth." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=dental+pulp] relationship: part_of BTO:0000397 [Term] id: BTO:0000340 name: culture condition:deoxyribonucleoside-induced cell is_a: BTO:0000001 [Term] id: BTO:0000341 name: diaphragm def: "The thin muscle below the lungs and heart that separates the chest >from the abdomen." [Cancer.gov Dictionary:http //www.nci.nih.gov/dictionary] synonym: "diaphragm muscle" [] is_a: BTO:0000508 relationship: part_of BTO:0000088 [Term] id: BTO:0000342 name: diencephalon def: "The posterior subdivision of the forebrain." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=diencephalon] synonym: "betweenbrain" [] synonym: "interbrain" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000478 [Term] id: BTO:0000343 name: renal tubule def: "One of the minute\, reabsorptive\, secretory\, and collecting canals\, made up of basement membrane lined with epithelium\, that form the substance of the kidneys." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0000924 [Term] id: BTO:0000344 name: stratum corneum def: "The horny outer layer of the epidermis\, consisting mainly of dead or peeling cells." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] synonym: "horny layer" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000404 [Term] id: BTO:0000345 name: digestive gland def: "A gland\, such as the liver or pancreas\, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion." [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0001488 [Term] id: BTO:0000346 name: digestive juice synonym: "digestive fluid" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000345 [Term] id: BTO:0000347 name: reticulum def: "The second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant in which folds of the mucous membrane form hexagonal cells." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=reticulum] is_a: BTO:0000480 [Term] id: BTO:0000348 name: omasum def: "The third division of the stomach of a ruminant animal\, located between the abomasum and the reticulum" [The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:Fourth Edition. 2000.] is_a: BTO:0000480 [Term] id: BTO:0000349 name: gut cavity relationship: part_of BTO:0000545 [Term] id: BTO:0000350 name: culture condition:dimethylamine-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000351 name: disc def: "The central part of the flower head of a typical composite made up of closely packed tubular flowers." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=disc] synonym: "discus" [] synonym: "disk" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000469 [Term] id: BTO:0000352 name: culture condition:DL-mandelate-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000353 name: lung cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000763 [Term] id: BTO:0000354 name: DON cell def: "Lung cell line\, established from a 8-months-old male of Cricetulus griseus (hamster\, Chinese)." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] is_a: BTO:0000353 [Term] id: BTO:0000355 name: dormant eye def: "An undeveloped growth bud." [Gardening Glossary:http //www.boldweb.com/greenweb/glossary.htm] is_a: BTO:0000158 relationship: part_of BTO:0000285 [Term] id: BTO:0000356 name: breast cancer cell line is_a: BTO:0000816 relationship: DRV BTO:0000150 [Term] id: BTO:0000357 name: nectary def: "A plant gland that secretes nectar." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=nectary] relationship: part_of BTO:0000469 [Term] id: BTO:0000358 name: McA-RH7777 cell def: "Liver\, hepatoma; Morris hepatoma 7777 cell line\, established from a rattus norvegicus female." [ATCC’s Cell Biology Collection:http //www.lgcpromochem.com/atcc/] synonym: "McARH7777 hepatoma cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000578 [Term] id: BTO:0000359 name: middle cervical ganglion def: "A variable ganglion\, often fused with the vertebral ganglion\, on the sympathetic trunk at about the level of the cricoid cartilage; its postganglionic fibers are distributed mainly to the heart\, cervical region\, and upper limb." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "ganglion cervicale medium" [] is_a: BTO:0000113 [Term] id: BTO:0000360 name: posterior spinal root def: "The sensory division of each spinal nerve\, attached centrally to the spinal cord and joining peripherally with the anterior (motor) root to form the nerve before it emerges through the intervertebral foramen\: each posterior root bears a spinal ganglion and conveys sensory fibers to the spinal cord. There are 31 anterior and 31 posterior nerve roots\: 8 cervical\, 12 thoracic\, 5 lumbar\, 5 sacral\, and 1 coccygeal. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "dorsal root of spinal nerve" [] synonym: "posterior root of spinal nerve" [] synonym: "radix posterior nervi spinalis" [] synonym: "root dorsali nervi spinalis" [] synonym: "root sensoria nervi spinalis" [] synonym: "sensory root of spinal nerve" [] synonym: "sensory spinal root" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000883 [Term] id: BTO:0000361 name: stratum granulosum def: "A layer of granular cells lying immediately above the stratum germinativum in most parts of the epidermis . " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0000404 [Term] id: BTO:0000362 name: urinary bladder cancer cell def: "Cancer cell of the organ responsible for temporarily holding urine after it leaves the kidneys." [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] synonym: "bladder cancer cell" [] synonym: "bladder carcinoma cell" [] synonym: "bladder tumour cell" [] synonym: "urinary bladder carcinoma cell" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0001418 [Term] id: BTO:0000363 name: culture condition:dulcitol-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000364 name: stratum lucidum def: "A thin somewhat translucent layer of cells lying superficial to the stratum granulosum and under the stratum corneum esp. in thickened parts of the epidermis . " [Fast Health Dictionary:http //www.fasthealth.com/dictionary] relationship: part_of BTO:0000404 [Term] id: BTO:0000365 name: duodenum def: "The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=duodenum] relationship: part_of BTO:0000651 [Term] id: BTO:0000366 name: duodenal juice relationship: DRV BTO:0000365 [Term] id: BTO:0000367 name: duodenal mucosa def: "The duodenal mucosa (and that of the rest of the intestines) is classified as simple columnar. The cells rest on a basal lamina\, which you may be able to make out in this image as a bright line underneath the cells. They sit over the lamina propria\, the loose collagenous CT\, filled with cells\, that constitutes the core of each villus." [Veterinary Histology:http //education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab19/EXAMPLES/Exduomuc.htm] synonym: "duodenum mucosa" [] is_a: BTO:0000642 relationship: part_of BTO:0000365 [Term] id: BTO:0000368 name: ear def: "The organ of hearing." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "auris" [] is_a: BTO:0000202 relationship: part_of BTO:0000282 [Term] id: BTO:0000369 name: egg def: "The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken; also\: its contents used as food." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=egg] relationship: part_of BTO:0000083 [Term] id: BTO:0000370 name: egg white def: "Eggs are composed of 56 to 61% egg white and 27 to 32% egg yolk. The egg white is approximately 87 to 89% water and 9 to 11% protein\, whereas the egg yolk contains 50% water\, 32 to 35% lipid\, and 16% protein. The predominant protein in the egg white is ovalbumin\, comprising 54% of the protein present. Other major proteins in the egg white are ovotransferrin (12%)\, ovomucoid (11%)\, ovomucin (3.5%)\, and lysozyme." [Database of Food Allergens in AgMoBiol (Lab of Agricultural Molecular Biology):http //ambl.lsc.pku.edu.cn/yjwy/Allergens2.htm] relationship: part_of BTO:0000369 [Term] id: BTO:0000371 name: egg yolk def: "The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=egg+yolk] synonym: "yolk" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0000369 [Term] id: BTO:0000372 name: bone cancer cell def: "Cancer cell of the skeleton. Cancers that begin in bone are rare but it is not unusual for cancers to spread (metastasize) to bone from other parts of the body. This is not called bone cancer\, but is named for the organ or tissue in which the cancer begins." [Medical Dictionary \, Cancerweb:http //cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/] relationship: DRV BTO:0000140 [Term] id: BTO:0000373 name: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell def: "Mouse cancer cell." [PMID:2791164] synonym: "Ehrlich ascites tumor cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000150 [Term] id: BTO:0000374 name: bone cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000140 [Term] id: BTO:0000375 name: keratinocyte cell line synonym: "KC" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000667 [Term] id: BTO:0000376 name: electric organ def: "A specialized tract of tissue (as in the electric eel) in which electricity is generated." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=electric+organ] relationship: part_of BTO:0001348 [Term] id: BTO:0000377 name: elementary body def: "The infectious form of chlamydiaceae. Infection occurs when the small\, rigid-walled extracellular form (elementary body) enters the cell and changes into a larger\, thin-walled form (initial body) that divides by fission. The daughter cells thus formed reorganize and condense to become elementary bodies that then infect other cells. The organisms are parasites of humans and other vertebrates\, capable of producing a variety of diseases. They have also been found in arthropods. The family contains the genus Chlamydia." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000284 [Term] id: BTO:0000378 name: elytron def: "One of the anterior wings in beetles and some other insects that serve to protect the posterior pair of functional wings." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=elytron] is_a: BTO:0001463 [Term] id: BTO:0000379 name: embryo def: "An animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage\, the laying down of fundamental tissues\, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems; especially\: the developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=embryo] is_a: BTO:0000174 [Term] id: BTO:0000380 name: embryonic axis def: "The main root/shoot body of a seedling." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0000387" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001233 [Term] id: BTO:0000381 name: embryonic blood is_a: BTO:0000089 relationship: part_of BTO:0000379 [Term] id: BTO:0000382 name: Kc cell def: "Drosophila embryo cell line. Morphology\: Semi-Adherent." [European Collection of Cell Cultures:http //www.ecacc.org.uk/] is_a: BTO:0000669 [Term] id: BTO:0000383 name: kidney tumor cell line synonym: "RCC cell line" [] synonym: "renal cell carcinoma cell line" [] is_a: BTO:0000067 relationship: DRV BTO:0000680 [Term] id: BTO:0000384 name: emulsin def: "The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=emulsin] is_a: BTO:0000659 is_a: BTO:0001142 [Term] id: BTO:0000385 name: bone cancer cell line is_a: BTO:0000374 relationship: DRV BTO:0000372 [Term] id: BTO:0000386 name: culture condition:(NH4)2SO4-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000387 name: endocardium def: "A thin serous membrane lining the cavities of the heart." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=endocardium] relationship: part_of BTO:0000562 [Term] id: BTO:0000388 name: endodermis def: "The innermost tissue of the cortex in many roots and stems." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=endodermis] relationship: part_of BTO:0000713 relationship: part_of BTO:0001184 relationship: part_of BTO:0001188 [Term] id: BTO:0000389 name: mature ovarian follicle def: "A liquid-filled cavity in a mammalian ovary containing a mature egg before ovulation." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=graafian+follicle] synonym: "antral follicle" [] synonym: "folliculi ovarici vesiculosi" [] synonym: "graafian follicle" [] synonym: "preovulatory follicle" [] synonym: "secondary ovarian follicle" [] synonym: "vesicular ovarian follicle" [] is_a: BTO:0000475 [Term] id: BTO:0000390 name: endosperm def: "A triploid nutritive tissue resulting from the fusion of a haploid sperm nucleus with the two haploid polar nuclei in the ovule of angiosperms." [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005361" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001226 [Term] id: BTO:0000391 name: DLD-1 cell def: "Human colon adenocarcinoma established from a colorectal adenocarcinoma." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] is_a: BTO:0001913 [Term] id: BTO:0000392 name: plasma cell def: "A terminally differentiated cell of the B lymphocyte lineage that produces antibodies; plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum\, a well-developed Golgi apparatus\, and a round nucleus having a characteristic “cartwheel” heterochromatin pattern." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "plasmacyte" [] synonym: "plasmocyte" [] relationship: DRV BTO:0000776 relationship: part_of BTO:0000141 [Term] id: BTO:0000393 name: endothelium def: "An epithelium of mesodermal origin composed of a single layer of thin flattened cells that lines internal body cavities." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=endothelium] is_a: BTO:0000416 [Term] id: BTO:0000394 name: aorta endothelium def: "Simple squamous epithelium which lines the lumen side of the blood vessel. " [Histology Laboratory Index://erl.pathology.iupui.edu/Histo/generator.cfm?UnlabeledImage=EPI_01U&Lab=Epithelium] synonym: "aortic endothelium" [] is_a: BTO:0000393 is_a: BTO:0001853 relationship: part_of BTO:0000135 [Term] id: BTO:0000395 name: alveolar cell def: "Any cell of the walls of the pulmonary alveoli; the term is often limited to alveolar epithelial cells (type I and type II alveolar cells) and alveolar macrophages. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "pneumocyte" [] synonym: "pneumonocyte" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0002543 [Term] id: BTO:0000396 name: EAhy 926 cell def: "The EAhy 926 cell is a hybridoma line derived from human endothelium and A549/8 cells. They display stable endothelial characteristics and may provide an indication of how endothelial cells respond to photodynamic therapy." [The photodynamic response of an endothelial hybridoma cell line using zinc (II) tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines:Cruse-Sawyer \, J.E. \, Dixon \, B. \, Roberts \, D.J.H. \, Schofield \, J. \, Griffiths \, J. and Brown \, S.B. (1995) in '5th International Photodynamic Association Biennial Meeting' \, D.A. Cortese \, ed. Proc. SPIE \, 2371 \, 198-203.] is_a: BTO:0000762 is_a: BTO:0001519 [Term] id: BTO:0000397 name: tooth def: "1\: One of the hard bony appendages that are borne on the jaws or in many of the lower vertebrates on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx and serve especially for the prehension and mastication of food and as weapons of offense and defense.\n2\: Any of various usually hard and sharp processes especially about the mouth of an invertebrate." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=tooth] relationship: part_of BTO:0001090 [Term] id: BTO:0000398 name: enterocyte def: "Cell of the intestinal epithelium." [The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology \, Third edition:http //www.mblab.gla.ac.uk/dictionary/] relationship: part_of BTO:0000781 [Term] id: BTO:0000399 name: eosinophil def: "A white blood cell or other granulocyte with cytoplasmic inclusions readily stained by eosin." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=eosinophil] is_a: BTO:0000539 [Term] id: BTO:0000400 name: sarcoma cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0001207 [Term] id: BTO:0000401 name: ependymal epithelium def: "Ependymal epithelium lining the ventricular cavities and canals of the CNS is simple\, columnar or cuboidal." [West Virginia University \, Anatomy Department \, Beresford \, W.A. \, Histology Chapter 11 \, Central Nervous System:http //wberesford.hsc.wvu.edu/histolch11.htm] synonym: "ependyma" [] is_a: BTO:0000416 relationship: part_of BTO:0001442 [Term] id: BTO:0000402 name: epicotyl def: "Portion of the shoot of an angiosperm embryo or seedling above the cotyledons. " [PAE Virtual Glossary \, \"Plants \, Animals \, and the Environment\" Glossary derived from leading WCB/McGraw-Hill textbooks:http //www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/glossary.html] synonym: "GRO\:0005383" [] relationship: part_of BTO:0001495 [Term] id: BTO:0000403 name: mastocytoma cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0000832 [Term] id: BTO:0000404 name: epidermis def: "The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the animal body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast; specifically\: the outer nonsensitive and nonvascular layer of the skin of a vertebrate that overlies the dermis." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epidermis] relationship: part_of BTO:0001253 [Term] id: BTO:0000405 name: penis def: "A male organ of copulation that in male mammals including humans usually functions as the channel by which urine leaves the body." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=penis] is_a: BTO:0003097 relationship: part_of BTO:0000082 [Term] id: BTO:0000406 name: L-428 cell def: "Human Hodgkin's lymphoma\, established from the pleural effusion of a 37-year-old woman with Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage IVB\, nodular sclerosis\, refractory\, terminal) in 1978." [Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH:DSMZ] synonym: "L428 cell" [] is_a: BTO:0000104 [Term] id: BTO:0000407 name: osteosarcoma cell line is_a: BTO:0000385 [Term] id: BTO:0000408 name: epididymis def: "A system of ductules emerging posteriorly from the testis that holds sperm during maturation and that forms a tangled mass before uniting into a single coiled duct which is continuous with the vas deferens." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epididymis] is_a: BTO:0003096 relationship: part_of BTO:0000082 [Term] id: BTO:0000409 name: epimastigote def: "Any of the bodies representing the morphologic (crithidial) stage in the life cycle of certain trypanosomatid protozoa resembling the typical adult form of members of the genus Crithidia\, in which the kinetoplast and basal body are located anterior to the central vesicular nucleus of the slender elongate cell and the flagellum is attached to the body up to the anterior end by a short undulating membrane before becoming free-flowing." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000092 [Term] id: BTO:0000410 name: immature ovarian follicle def: "Primary ovarian follicles\: immature ovarian follicles\, each comprising an immature ovum and the specialized epithelial cells (follicle cells) that surround it." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "primary ovarian follicle" [] is_a: BTO:0000475 [Term] id: BTO:0000411 name: cervical mucosa def: "Lining of the head of the uterus (cervix); contains large branched glands; does not undergo sloughing." [Review Glossary:http //www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/glossary.html] is_a: BTO:0000886 relationship: part_of BTO:0001421 relationship: part_of BTO:0001424 [Term] id: BTO:0000412 name: epiphyseal growth plate def: "The disk or plate of cartilage interposed between the epiphysis and the shaft of the bone during the period of growth; by its growth the bone increases in length. " [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] synonym: "cartilago epiphysialis" [] synonym: "epiphyseal cartilage" [] synonym: "epiphyseal disk" [] synonym: "epiphyseal growth disk" [] synonym: "growth plate" [] synonym: "physis" [] is_a: BTO:0000206 relationship: part_of BTO:0000140 [Term] id: BTO:0000413 name: epiphysis def: "A part or process of a bone that ossifies separately and later becomes ankylosed to the main part of the bone; especially\: an end of a long bone." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epiphysis] relationship: part_of BTO:0000140 [Term] id: BTO:0000414 name: epithelial cell def: "Cell that cover the surface of the body and line its cavities." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0000416 [Term] id: BTO:0000415 name: epithelioma cell def: "A neoplasm cell of epithelial origin\, ranging from benign (adenoma and papilloma) to malignant (carcinoma)." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: DRV BTO:0000414 [Term] id: BTO:0000416 name: epithelium def: "1\: A membranous cellular tissue that covers a free surface or lines a tube or cavity of an animal body and serves especially to enclose and protect the other parts of the body\, to produce secretions and excretions\, and to function in assimilation.\n2\: A usually thin layer of parenchyma that lines a cavity or tube of a plant." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=epithelium] is_a: BTO:0000634 [Term] id: BTO:0000417 name: bile duct epithelium def: "The irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts are lined by normal cuboidal epithelium." [eMedicine \, Nazer H. \, Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis:http //www.emedicine.com/ped/topic459.htm] is_a: BTO:0001513 relationship: part_of BTO:0000122 [Term] id: BTO:0000418 name: neostriatum def: "The later developed portion of the corpus striatum represented by the caudate nucleus and the putamen." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0001311 [Term] id: BTO:0000419 name: respiratory epithelium def: "Epithelium of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree." [University of Florida College of Medicine \, Review Glossary:http //www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/glossary.html # respiratory_epithelium] synonym: "airway epithelium" [] is_a: BTO:0000416 relationship: part_of BTO:0000136 [Term] id: BTO:0000420 name: neck def: "The part of an animal that connects the head with the body." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=neck] relationship: part_of BTO:0001493 [Term] id: BTO:0000421 name: connective tissue def: "The tissue which binds together and is the support of the various structures of the body. It is made up of fibroblasts\, fibroglia\, collagen fibrils\, and elastic fibrils. It is derived from the mesoderm and in a broad sense includes the collagenous\, elastic\, mucous\, reticular\, osseous\, and cartilaginous tissue. Some also include the blood in this group of tissues. Connective tissue is classified according to concentration of fibers as loose (areolar) and dense\, the latter having more abundant fibers than the former." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] relationship: part_of BTO:0001489 [Term] id: BTO:0000422 name: vaginal epithelium def: "Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns." [Dictionary of Sexuality:http //www.sex-dictionary.info/alphabet/vagina.htm] synonym: "epithelium\, vaginal" [] is_a: BTO:0000416 relationship: part_of BTO:0000243 [Term] id: BTO:0000423 name: epitrochlearis def: "Pertaining to muscles associated with the humeral epichondyle." [Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation:Part I Muscular System http //www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.html] is_a: BTO:0000479 [Term] id: BTO:0000424 name: erythrocyte def: "Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood." [From Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary at www.Merriam-Webster.com:http //www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=erythrocyte] synonym: "red blood cell" [] synonym: "red blood corpuscle" [] is_a: BTO:0000574 relationship: DRV BTO:0001571 relationship: DRV BTO:0002731 [Term] id: BTO:0000425 name: erythrocytic stage def: "Merozoites from the liver infect red blood cells and replicate asexually through schizogony. This is the erythrocytic stage." [LifeCycle&Pathology of Plasmodium species:http //www.msu.edu/course/zol/316/psppblood.htm] is_a: BTO:0000284 [Term] id: BTO:0000426 name: erythroleukemia cell def: "Cancer cell of the blood-forming tissues in which large numbers of immature\, abnormal red blood cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. " [Cancer.gov Dictionary:http //www.nci.nih.gov/dictionary] is_a: BTO:0000583 is_a: BTO:0001271 [Term] id: BTO:0000427 name: pituitary gland cell line relationship: DRV BTO:0001073 [Term] id: BTO:0000428 name: culture condition:ethanol-grown cell is_a: BTO:0001479 [Term] id: BTO:0000429 name: H69AR cell def: "Multidrug-resistant cell line\, variant of H69." [HyperCLDB:http //www.biotech.ist.unige.it] relationship: DRV BTO:0000679 [Term] id: BTO:0000430 name: EUE cell def: "Human embryonic epithelial cell line.\n" [PMID:9691432] is_a: BTO:0000669 is_a: BTO:0001120 [Term] id: BTO:0000431 name: excretory gland def: "A gland that discharges its secretion through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body\, as a lacrimal gland." [Dorlands Medical Dictionary:MerckSource] is_a: BTO:0000522 [Term] id: BTO:0000432 name: corpus cardiacum def: "A pair of neurohemal organs located on the walls of the aorta just behind the brain. The corpora cardiaca release their store of PTTH only after they receive a signal from neurosecretory cells in the brain." [Insect Physiology \, The endocrine system:http //www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/endocrine.html] synonym: "corpora cardiaca" [] is_a: BTO:0001488 is_a: BTO:0001803 [Term] id: BTO:0000433 name: exocrine acinar cell relationship: part_of BTO:0000765 [Term] id: BTO:0000434 name: exocrine pancreas def: "That part of the pancreas that