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Literature summary for 6.3.1.2 extracted from
- Purification and properties of glutamine synthetase from liver of Squalus acanthias (1985), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 239, 248-259.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| ethylene glycol | 4-8%, 50% activation | Squalus acanthias |  |
General Stability
| General Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| stability is enhanced by the presence of ethylene glycol | Squalus acanthias |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | inhibits in presence of Mg2+ | Squalus acanthias | |
| F- | - |
Squalus acanthias | |
| Urea | physiological concentrations of urea inhibit, at least when ATP and/or glutamate are nonsaturating. Inhibition is partially reversed by trimethylamine-N-oxide | Squalus acanthias | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mitochondrion | - |
Squalus acanthias | 5739 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | Mg2+ in excess of that required for formation of MgATP2- is required for maximal activity | Squalus acanthias | |
| Mn2+ | cannot effectively replace Mg2+ | Squalus acanthias | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 46000 | - |
x * 46000, SDS-PAGE | Squalus acanthias |
| 200000 | - |
gel filtration, in presence of Mg2+, MgATP2-, and L-Glu the enzyme has a MW of 400000, reversible dissociation from the 400000 MW form to a species of MW 200000 in the absence of MgATP2- and L-Glu | Squalus acanthias |
| 400000 | - |
gel filtration, in presence of Mg2+, MgATP2-, and L-Glu, reversible dissociation to a species of MW 200000 in the absence of MgATP2- and L-Glu | Squalus acanthias |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-Glu + NH4+ | Squalus acanthias | first step in urea synthesis | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Squalus acanthias | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 55.8 | - |
- |
Squalus acanthias |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| -20°C, 10 mM MgSO4, 4 mM ATP, 50 mM glutamate, 100 mM NaCl, 10% ethylene glycol, 20 mM Hepes buffer, pH 7.4, less than 5% loss of activity per week | Squalus acanthias |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP + L-Glu + NH4+ | - |
Squalus acanthias | ADP + phosphate + L-Gln | - |
? | |
| ATP + L-Glu + NH4+ | first step in urea synthesis | Squalus acanthias | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 46000, SDS-PAGE | Squalus acanthias |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.1 | 7.4 | - |
Squalus acanthias |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.5 | 8 | half-maximal activity at pH 6.5 and 8.0 | Squalus acanthias |
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