Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | under high heme requirement for respiration increased levels of GluRS occur | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
overexpression of GST-tagged isozyme GluRS1 in Escherichia coli strain Bl21(DE3), co-expression with Glu-tRNA reductase | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
amino levulinic acid | indirect inhibition, growth of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in aminolevulic acid inhibits the activity of GluRS1, the reduced activity of GluRS1 is the result of an interaction of the enzyme with heme or any other intermediate tetrrapyrrole, amino levulic acid added to the reaction mixture has no effect in the activity of GluRSs | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | |
heme | indirect mechanism, when intracellular heme is in excess, the cells respond by a dramatic decrease of GluRS activity, heme or any other precursor tetrapyrrole is the intracellular effector that triggers this regulatory mechanism | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | |
hemin | recombinant GluRS1 enzyme is inhibited in vitro by hemin, but NADPH restores its activity, GluRS2 is also inhibited by hemin to a similar extent as GluRS1 | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | steady-state kinetics of isozymes GluRS1 and GluRS2 | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | - |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + tRNAGlu | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | glutamyl-tRNA, formed by Glu-tRNA synthetase, is a substrate for protein biosynthesis and tetrapyrrole formation by the C5 pathway | AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu | - |
? | |
additional information | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | GluRS plays a major role in regulating the cellular level of heme, aminoacylation of tRNAGlu correlates with the demand of heme, a transcriptional mechanism might control the level of GluRS1 in cells grown in Fe2+, under growth conditions in which cells do not require Glu-tRNA, as precursor for heme biosynthesis, up to 85% of GluRS1 is dispensable, but no major detrimental effect in the cell growth is observed. Thus, GluRS2 and the remaining 15% of the activity of GluRS1 are sufficient to provide the Glu-tRNA substrates for protein synthesis | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | - |
strain ATCC 23270, two isozymes GluRS1 and GluRS2 | - |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | GluRS is substrate of DsbA, a protein involved in the restoration of the reduced state of cysteines in proteins upon oxidation | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-glutamate + tRNAGlu | - |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu | - |
? | |
ATP + L-glutamate + tRNAGlu | glutamyl-tRNA, formed by Glu-tRNA synthetase, is a substrate for protein biosynthesis and tetrapyrrole formation by the C5 pathway | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNAGlu | - |
? | |
additional information | GluRS plays a major role in regulating the cellular level of heme, aminoacylation of tRNAGlu correlates with the demand of heme, a transcriptional mechanism might control the level of GluRS1 in cells grown in Fe2+, under growth conditions in which cells do not require Glu-tRNA, as precursor for heme biosynthesis, up to 85% of GluRS1 is dispensable, but no major detrimental effect in the cell growth is observed. Thus, GluRS2 and the remaining 15% of the activity of GluRS1 are sufficient to provide the Glu-tRNA substrates for protein synthesis | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
GluRS | - |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase | - |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans |