Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene ddc, located on chromosome 7p12.2, sequence comparisons, in addition to a TATA box, a strong promoter is detectedin the human DDC gene. It contains three positive regulatory elements located from position -560 bp to -1. Another two negative regulatory cis-elements are detected in between -9000 and 560 and 396-31. An alternative-promoter mechanism for regulating tissue-specific expression of DDC gene is observed | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
A275T | naturally occuring mutation involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
A91V | naturally occuring mutation involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
F309L | naturally occuring mutation, involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
G102S | naturally occuring mutation, involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
R347Q | naturally occuring mutation involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
S147R | naturally occuring mutation, involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
S250F | naturally occuring mutation, involved in aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase deficiency | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
carbidopa | the compound is able to block the reaction at the Michaelis complex step in DDC | Homo sapiens | |
epigallocatechin-3-gallate | EGCG, the inhibitory effect is mediated by blocking the entrance to the catalytic site, therefore, preventing substrate binding | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | successful strategies to inhibit the decarboxylase have included the synthesis of fluoro-derivatives, which act as competitive and/or suicide inhibitors, as it is the case of several fluoro-dopa derivatives | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
additional information | the enzyme is associated with the membrane in dopamine pro-ducing cells such as neurons, leukocytes and kidney cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-Dopa | Homo sapiens | - |
dopamine + CO2 | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | P20711 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
brain | in substantia nigra | Homo sapiens | - |
breast cancer cell | different splicing variants | Homo sapiens | - |
colon | sigmoid and transverse | Homo sapiens | - |
colonic cancer cell | different splicing variants | Homo sapiens | - |
gastric cancer cell | different splicing variants | Homo sapiens | - |
ileum | terminal | Homo sapiens | - |
kidney | cortex | Homo sapiens | - |
kidney cancer cell | different splicing variants | Homo sapiens | - |
liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
lung | DDC is expressed in neuroendocrine differentiated cells | Homo sapiens | - |
additional information | neuronal and non-neuronal tissues express DDC mRNAs with distinct 5'-UTR due to alternative promotor usage and alternative splicing within the 5'-UTR. Different splicing variants are observed in cancer cells. The human DDC gene is highly expressed in substantia nigra, terminal ileum,colon transverse, kidney cortex, liver, and pancreas | Homo sapiens | - |
pancreas | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
renal proximal tubule | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
stomach | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-Dopa | - |
Homo sapiens | dopamine + CO2 | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
dimer | structure analysis, overview | Homo sapiens |
More | a 150 amino acid long C-terminal region is present in mammalian HDC but absent in homologous Gram-negative bacteria HDC and all mammalian DDCs | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AADC | - |
Homo sapiens |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
DDC | - |
Homo sapiens |
dopa decarboxilase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | - |
Homo sapiens |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | in lung, DDC expression in neuroendocrine differentiated cells is upregulated by Notch-1 receptor-elicited signaling | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | gene-disease associations and common pathologies, detailed overview | Homo sapiens |
additional information | structural and functional analogies and differences between histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase molecular networks, overview. Human histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) are highly homologous enzymes responsible for the synthesis of biogenic amines (BA) like histamine, and serotonin and dopamine, respectively | Homo sapiens |
physiological function | the enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of dopamine. It is involved in common physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, gastrointestinal track function, immunity, cell growth and cell differentiation. Memory seems to be an important physiological function involving histamine, dopamine, and serotonin | Homo sapiens |