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Literature summary for 4.1.1.15 extracted from

  • Karatzas, K.A.; Suur, L.; OByrne, C.P.
    Characterization of the intracellular glutamate decarboxylase system: analysis of its function, transcription, and role in the acid resistance of various strains of Listeria monocytogenes (2012), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78, 3571-3579.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 4.1.1.15

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
genes gadD1, gadD2, and gadD3 encode glutamate decarboxylases, the genes are organized in three separate genetic loci, gadD1T1, gadT2D2, and gadD3, with the two genes gadT1 and gadT2 encoding for antiporters. Strain-to-strain differences in gad gene transcription, real-time RT-PCR determination of gad gene transcription in response to pH value, overview Listeria monocytogenes

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information under acidic conditions, glutamate/4-aminobutanoate antiport is impaired in minimal media but not in rich ones Listeria monocytogenes

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
extracellular extracellular GAD system, GADe Listeria monocytogenes
-
-
intracellular intracellular GAD system, GADi Listeria monocytogenes 5622
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-glutamate Listeria monocytogenes
-
 4-aminobutanoate + CO2
-
 ?
L-glutamate Listeria monocytogenes LO28
-
 4-aminobutanoate + CO2
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Listeria monocytogenes
-
 genes gadD1, gadD2, and gadD3 encode glutamate decarboxylases
-
Listeria monocytogenes LO28
-
 genes gadD1, gadD2, and gadD3 encode glutamate decarboxylases
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-glutamate
-
 Listeria monocytogenes 4-aminobutanoate + CO2
-
 ?
L-glutamate
-
 Listeria monocytogenes LO28 4-aminobutanoate + CO2
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
GAD
-
 Listeria monocytogenes
Glt decarboxylase
-
 Listeria monocytogenes

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
physiological function the glutamate decarboxylase system is important for the acid resistance of Listeria monocytogenes. Cells accumulate intracellular 4-aminobutanoate as a standard response against acid in any medium. The GADi system is activated at milder pH values of pH 4.5 to pH 5.0 than theGADe system, pH 4.0 to pH 4.5, suggesting that GADi is the more responsive of the two and the first line of defense against acid. Model for the function of the GAD system under severe acid conditions below pH 4.5 Listeria monocytogenes