Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
when expressed in Escherichia coli cells, SMUG1 is unable to repair U:G mismatches induced by AID, inhibits proliferation and cannot reduce mutation rates, unlike UNG2 which alleviates the effects of AID | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | Ung knockout, Smug1 siRNA knockdown and Ung knockout/Smug1 knockdown mouse cells show that Smug1 and Ung2 are both required for the prevention of mutations and that their functions are not redundant | Mus musculus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
mitochondrion | isozyme UNG1 | Mus musculus | 5739 | - |
mitochondrion | isozyme UNG1 | Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
nucleus | isozyme UNG2 | Mus musculus | 5634 | - |
nucleus | isozyme UNG2 | Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | Mus musculus | uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
mitochondrial UNG1 and nuclear UNG2 are both encoded by the UNG gene | - |
Mus musculus | - |
mitochondrial UNG1 and nuclear UNG2 are both encoded by the UNG gene | - |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
phosphoprotein | UNG2 also undergoes sequential phosphorylations at Ser23, Thr60 and Ser64 during the cell cycle. Monophosphorylation at Ser23 in the G1/early S-phase apparently increases association with RPA and replicating chromatin and markedly increases the catalytic turnover number | Mus musculus |
phosphoprotein | UNG2 also undergoes sequential phosphorylations at Ser23, Thr60 and Ser64 during the cell cycle. Monophosphorylation at Ser23 in the G1/early S-phase apparently increases association with RPA and replicating chromatin and markedly increases the catalytic turnover number | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | UNG2 is cell-cycle regulated with the highest protein level in early to mid-S-phase, in agreement with its role in the repair of incorporated uracils | Mus musculus | - |
additional information | UNG2 is cell-cycle regulated with the highest protein level in early to mid-S-phase, in agreement with its role in the repair of incorporated uracils | Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
low catalytic turnover of SMUG1 compared with UNG-type enzymes | Mus musculus |
additional information | - |
low catalytic turnover of SMUG1 compared with UNG-type enzymes | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | uracil in single-stranded DNA, resulting from incorporation of dUMP during replication and from spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of cytosine, causing U:A pairs or U:G mismatches, respectively, has to be removed by the enzyme. Nuclear UNG2 is apparently the sole contributor to the post-replicative repair of U:A lesions and to the removal of uracil from U:G contexts in immunoglobulin genes as part of somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination processes in adaptive immunity. UNG2 and SMUG1 contribute to U:G repair. UNG2 is highly specific for uracil, SMUG1 also efficiently removes 5-hydroxymethyluracil | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | SMUG1 binds tightly to AP sites and inhibits cleavage by AP-endonucleases | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
SMUG1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
UDG | - |
Mus musculus |
UDG | - |
Homo sapiens |
UNG1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
UNG2 | - |
Homo sapiens |