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Literature summary for 3.2.1.3 extracted from
- Catalytic properties of two Rhizopus oryzae 99-880 glucoamylase enzymes without starch binding domains expressed in Pichia pastoris (2010), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 162, 2197-2213.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| genes amyC and amyD, expression in Pichia pastoris strain X33 | Rhizopus arrhizus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| maltotriose | substrate inhibition of AmyC | Rhizopus arrhizus |  |
| additional information | AmyC, but not AmyD, exhibits substrate inhibition, the Ki for substrate inhibition decreases with increasing length of the oligosaccharides. AmyC accumulates an enzyme maltose-maltotriose dead-end complex in the steady state, kinetics and modelling, overview | Rhizopus arrhizus |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic measurements using maltooligosacchrides as substrates, analysis and modelling, overview | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.224 | - |
maltopentaose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.276 | - |
maltotetraose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.287 | - |
maltohexaose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.487 | - |
maltotriose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.53 | - |
maltose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.62 | - |
maltohexaose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 0.93 | - |
maltopentaose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 1.51 | - |
maltotetraose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 1.88 | - |
maltotriose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 3.78 | - |
maltose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhizopus arrhizus | - |
two enzymes AmyC and AmyD, genes amyC or amyD | - |
| Rhizopus arrhizus 99-880 | - |
two enzymes AmyC and AmyD, genes amyC or amyD | - |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycoprotein | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant AmyC and AmyD from Pichia pastoris strain X33 culture supernatant by affinity chromatography, the recombinant enzymes are deglycosylated with endoglycosidase H and PNGase F | Rhizopus arrhizus |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| maltohexaose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus | maltopentaose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltohexaose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus 99-880 | maltopentaose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltopentaose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus | maltotetraose + beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltopentaose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus 99-880 | maltotetraose + beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus 99-880 | beta-D-glucose + D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltotetraose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus | maltotriose + beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltotetraose + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus 99-880 | maltotriose + beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltotriose + 2 H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus | 3 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| maltotriose + 2 H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus 99-880 | 3 beta-D-glucose | - |
? | |
| soluble starch + H2O | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus | beta-D-glucose + ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| alpha-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
| AmyC | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
| AmyD | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
| amyloglucosidase | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
| glucoamylase | - |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | - |
AmyC | Rhizopus arrhizus |
| 50 | - |
AmyD | Rhizopus arrhizus |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | - |
30 min, purified recombinant AmyC and AmyD, completely stable, rapid inactivation above | Rhizopus arrhizus |
| 50 | - |
30 min, inactivation of both purified recombinant AmyC and AmyD | Rhizopus arrhizus |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.08 | - |
maltose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 9.3 | - |
maltose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 19.5 | - |
maltotriose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 35.1 | - |
soluble starch | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 38.4 | - |
maltohexaose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 40 | - |
maltotetraose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 43.8 | - |
maltopentaose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 54.7 | - |
maltotriose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 58.2 | - |
soluble starch | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 71.1 | - |
maltotetraose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 71.3 | - |
maltohexaose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 73.7 | - |
maltopentaose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.5 | - |
AmyC, pH profile, overview | Rhizopus arrhizus |
| 6 | - |
AmyD, pH profile, overview | Rhizopus arrhizus |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 8 | 30 min, purified recombinant AmyC, 70% of maximal activity at pH 3.0, 85% at pH 8.0, profile overview | Rhizopus arrhizus |
| 3.5 | 8 | 30 min, purified recombinant AmyD, 70% of maximal activity at pH 3.5, 85% at pH 8.0, inactive at pH 3.0, profile overview | Rhizopus arrhizus |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| physiological function | glucoamylase enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of alpha(1-4) glycosidic bonds to release D-glucose residues from the non-reducing ends of starch and oligosaccharides. Glucoamylase also has limited ability to release D-glucose residues by promoting hydrolysis of alpha(1-6) linkages of amylopectin | Rhizopus arrhizus |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.61 | - |
maltose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 10.4 | - |
maltotriose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 17.5 | - |
maltose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 26.5 | - |
maltotetraose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 46.9 | - |
maltopentaose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 61.9 | - |
maltohexaose | recombinant AmyD, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 112 | - |
maltotriose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 248 | - |
maltohexaose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 257 | - |
maltotetraose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
| 329 | - |
maltopentaose | recombinant AmyC, pH 5.5, 40°C | Rhizopus arrhizus | |
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