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Literature summary for 2.7.11.31 extracted from

  • Zang, M.; Zuccollo, A.; Hou, X.; Nagata, D.; Walsh, K.; Herscovitz, H.; Brecher, P.; Ruderman, N.B.; Cohen, R.A.
    AMP-activated protein kinase is required for the lipid-lowering effect of metformin in insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells (2004), J. Biol. Chem., 279, 47898-47905.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 2.7.11.31

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
AMP dependent on Homo sapiens
metformin increases the activating phosphorylation of the enzyme at Thr172 of the alpha-subunit by 3.6fold Homo sapiens
additional information phosphorylation activates the enzyme Homo sapiens

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
expression of mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli and, via adenovirus transfection, in Hep-G2 cells Homo sapiens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
K45R site-directed mutagenesis, a dominant-negative mutant, expression leads to accumulation of lipids in cells Homo sapiens
T172D site-directed mutagenesis, constitutively active mutant of AMPK, insensitive to metformin Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information insulin-resistance caused by high levels of D-glucose in the cell decreases the enzyme activity Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + acetyl-CoA carboxylase Homo sapiens the enzyme is involved in the regulation of hepatic lipids via its downstream effector acetyl-CoA carboxylase, enzyme inhibition leads to an increased level of triacylglycerols and accumulation of lipids, metformin decreases lipid accumulation, induced by high D-glucose levels, by activating the enzyme, the enzyme functions as energy intracellular sensor ADP + phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
-
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
phosphoprotein the enzyme is phosphorylated at Thr172 of its alpha-subunit, phosphorylation activates the enzyme, metformin increases the enzyme phosphorylation Homo sapiens

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
Hep-G2 cell hepatoma cell line Homo sapiens
-
liver
-
 Homo sapiens
-
skeletal muscle
-
 Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + acetyl-CoA carboxylase the enzyme is involved in the regulation of hepatic lipids via its downstream effector acetyl-CoA carboxylase, enzyme inhibition leads to an increased level of triacylglycerols and accumulation of lipids, metformin decreases lipid accumulation, induced by high D-glucose levels, by activating the enzyme, the enzyme functions as energy intracellular sensor Homo sapiens ADP + phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase
-
 ?
ATP + acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation at Ser79, phosphorylation inhibits the acetyl-CoA carboxylase Homo sapiens ADP + phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AMP-activated protein kinase
-
 Homo sapiens
AMPK
-
 Homo sapiens

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
 Homo sapiens