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Literature summary for 2.7.1.1 extracted from

  • Wilson, J.E.
    Isozymes of mammalian hexokinase: structure, subcellular localization and metabolic function (2003), J. Exp. Biol., 206, 2049-2057.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 2.7.1.1

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate potent inhibition of type I isozyme in absence of oxidative phosphorylation and with extramitochondrial ATP, weak inhibition with ATP supplied by oxidative phosphorylation Mammalia
D-glucose substrate inhibition of type III isozyme above 1 mM, antagonized by ATP Mammalia
D-glucose 6-phosphate inhibition of all isozymes, with type I isozyme inhibition is antagonized by phosphate, while with type II and III isozymes phosphate causes additional inhibition Mammalia
phosphate inhibits type II and III isozymes, synergistic with D-glucose 6-phosphate product inhibition Mammalia

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.003
-
 D-glucose type III isozyme Mammalia
0.03
-
 D-glucose type I isozyme Mammalia
0.3
-
 D-glucose type II isozyme Mammalia
0.5
-
 ATP type I isozyme Mammalia
0.7
-
 ATP type II isozyme Mammalia
1
-
 ATP type III isozyme Mammalia

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytoplasm type II and type III isozymes Mammalia 5737
-
mitochondrial outer membrane type I isozyme, binds with a hydrophobic N-terminal sequence to mitochondria through interaction with porin using intermitochondrial ATP as cosubstrate facilitating the coordination of the introduction of glucose into glycolysis, type II isozyme binds with a hydrophobic N-terminal sequence to mitochondria in vitro Mammalia 5741
-
mitochondrion type I isozyme, binds with a hydrophobic N-terminal sequence to mitochondria through interaction with porin using intermitochondrial ATP as cosubstrate facilitating the coordination of the introduction of glucose into glycolysis, type II isozyme binds with a hydrophobic N-terminal sequence to mitochondria in vitro, in vivo preferably in cancer cells Mammalia 5739
-
perinuclear space type III isozyme is associated with the nuclear periphery Mammalia
-
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+
-
 Mammalia

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
100000
-
 isozymes type I-III Mammalia

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + D-glucose Mammalia first step in glucose metabolism, pathway overview, isozyme types are differently regulated and catalytically active, isozyme type I is involved in catabolism, while type II and III are involved in anabolism, the activity rate of type I isozyme i correlated with the oxidative phosphorylation rate, overview ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate
-
 ?
additional information Mammalia the 100 kDa isozymes, displaying internal sequence repetition, may have evolved by gene duplication of a 50 kDa ancestor ?
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Mammalia
-
 type I, type II, type III, and type IV isozymes
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
adipose tissue type I isozyme, type II isozyme Mammalia
-
brain high levels of type I isozyme, isozymes type II and III Mammalia
-
cerebellum type III isozyme Mammalia
-
hepatoma cell type II isozyme Mammalia
-
additional information type I isozyme is virtually expressed in all tissues, expression of type II isozyme is more limited to insulin-sensitive tissues Mammalia
-
Purkinje neuron type III isozyme Mammalia
-
skeletal muscle type I isozyme, type II isozyme Mammalia
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + D-glucose
-
 Mammalia ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate
-
 ?
ATP + D-glucose first step in glucose metabolism, pathway overview, isozyme types are differently regulated and catalytically active, isozyme type I is involved in catabolism, while type II and III are involved in anabolism, the activity rate of type I isozyme i correlated with the oxidative phosphorylation rate, overview Mammalia ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate
-
 ?
additional information the 100 kDa isozymes, displaying internal sequence repetition, may have evolved by gene duplication of a 50 kDa ancestor Mammalia ?
-
 ?

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
 Mammalia

Ki Value [mM]

Ki Value [mM] Ki Value maximum [mM] Inhibitor Comment Organism Structure
0.02
-
 D-glucose 6-phosphate type I and type II isozymes Mammalia
0.1
-
 D-glucose 6-phosphate type III isozyme Mammalia