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Literature summary for 2.2.1.6 extracted from

  • Kawai, K.; Kaku, K.; Izawa, N.; Shimizu, T.; Fukuda, A.; Tanaka, Y.
    A novel mutant acetolactate synthase gene from rice cells, which confers resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides (2007), J. Pestic. Sci., 32, 89-98.
No PubMed abstract available
Search for more literature for 2.2.1.6

Application

Application Comment Organism
molecular biology the gene is useful as a selectable marker for introducing foreign traits into rice when used with pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicides. The double-mutant W548L/S627I of the ALS gene from rice is not only helpful for introducing useful rice genes into rice by self-cloning as a host-derived selectable marker gene but also can extinguish the scientific concern for antibiotic-resistant genes, leading to minimize public concern for this issue in transgenic plants Oryza sativa

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
ALS gene, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of GST-tagged ALS wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain JM105. expression in transgenic Oryza sativa var. Nipponbare plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection method Oryza sativa
expression in Escherichia coli Oryza sativa

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
A96T the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
A96V the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
F180R the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
M98E the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
M98H the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
M98I the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
additional information several mutations, including deletion mutations W548deletion, P171deletion and S627deletion, reduce the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides, overview Oryza sativa
P171A the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
P171Q the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
P171S the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
R173A the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
R173E the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
S627D the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
S627F the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
S627I the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
S627N the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
S627T the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
W548C the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
W548F the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
W548L the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa
W548L/S627I a naturally occuring mutation, the recombinant enzyme shows resistance to multiple herbicides including pyrimidinylcarboxylate, sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, and shows stronger resistance to pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicides than to other herbicides. Bispyribac-sodium, a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide, has almost no effect on the enzyme at up to 100m M, which is an approximately 10000fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type. The resistance level of the double mutant W548L/S627I BS is stronger than the additive effect predicted from the degree of resistance of each single amino acid mutated ALS, phenotype, overview Oryza sativa
W548L/S627I mutant confers resistance to multiple herbicides including pyrimidinylcarboxylate, sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, and shows stronger resistance to pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicides than to other herbicides. Bispyribac-sodium has almost no effect on the enzyme even at 100 mM, which is an approximately 10000fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type. The resistance level of W548L/S627I is stronger than the additive effect predicted from the degree of resistance of each single amino acid mutated. Transformed rice cells carrying this gene and a regenerated rice plant express resistance to bispyribac-sodium Oryza sativa
W548S the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides Oryza sativa

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
bensulfuron-methyl a sulfonylurea herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 22% inhibition at 0.1 nM Oryza sativa
bispyribac-sodium almost no effect on the mutant W548L/S627I even at 100 mM, which is an approximately 10000fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type; a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide Oryza sativa
chlorsulfuron a sulfonylurea herbicide Oryza sativa
imazapyr an imidazolinon herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 27% inhibition at 0.1 nM Oryza sativa
imazaquin an imidazolinon herbicide Oryza sativa
imazosulfuron a sulfonylurea herbicide Oryza sativa
pyrazosulfuron-ethyl a sulfonylurea herbicide Oryza sativa
pyriminobac a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 13% inhibition at 0.1 nM Oryza sativa
pyrithiobac-sodium a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 32% inhibition at 0.1 nM Oryza sativa

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+
-
 Oryza sativa

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2 pyruvate Oryza sativa
-
 2-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Oryza sativa Q6K2E8
-
-
Oryza sativa Q6K2E8 var. Kinmaze
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant GST-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain JM105 by glutathione affinity chromatography Oryza sativa

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
cell culture
-
 Oryza sativa
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2 pyruvate
-
 Oryza sativa 2-acetolactate + CO2
-
 ?

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
 assay at Oryza sativa

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.5
-
 assay at Oryza sativa

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
FAD
-
 Oryza sativa
thiamine diphosphate
-
 Oryza sativa

IC50 Value

IC50 Value IC50 Value Maximum Comment Organism Inhibitor Structure
0.0000056
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa bispyribac-sodium
0.00000563
-
 pH 7.5, 30°C, wild-type enzyme, callus Oryza sativa bispyribac-sodium
0.000007
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa bensulfuron-methyl
0.000008
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa pyriminobac
0.000011
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa pyrithiobac-sodium
0.000017
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa chlorsulfuron
0.0000173
-
 pH 7.5, 30°C, wild-type enzyme, callus Oryza sativa chlorsulfuron
0.00002
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa ethyl 5-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)aminocarbonylaminosulfonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate
0.000025
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa imazosulfuron
0.0000928
-
 pH 7.5, 30°C, mutant enzyme, callus Oryza sativa chlorsulfuron
0.000093
-
 mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa chlorsulfuron
0.000421
-
 mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa bispyribac-sodium
0.000421
-
 pH 7.5, 30°C, mutant enzyme, callus Oryza sativa bispyribac-sodium
0.00148
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa imazaquin
0.00148
-
 pH 7.5, 30°C, wild-type enzyme, callus Oryza sativa imazaquin
0.0096
-
 wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa imazapyr
0.0167
-
 mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa imazaquin
0.0167
-
 pH 7.5, 30°C, mutant enzyme, callus Oryza sativa imazaquin
0.05
-
 mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
0.065
-
 mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C Oryza sativa imazosulfuron