Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | FMO1 expression is increased in the myocardial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation | Homo sapiens |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene FMO1, genes FMO1 to FMO4 are clustered on chromosome 1 at q24.3, along with a pseudogene FMO6P | Homo sapiens |
gene FMO2, genes FMO1 to FMO4 are clustered on chromosome 1 at q24.3, along with a pseudogene FMO6P | Homo sapiens |
gene FMO3, genes FMO1 to FMO4 are clustered on chromosome 1 at q24.3, along with a pseudogene FMO6P | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
E158K | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO3 in Europeans and Asians, the mutation slightly affects enzyme activity, substrate-dependent reduced activity, phenotype, overview | Homo sapiens |
E158K/E308G | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO3 in Europeans and Asians, the mutation affects enzyme activity, substrate-dependent reduced activity, phenotype, overview | Homo sapiens |
E308G | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO3 in Europeans and Asians, the mutation slightly affects enzyme activity, substrate-dependent reduced activity, phenotype, overview | Homo sapiens |
L360P | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO3, the mutant shows increased activity | Homo sapiens |
additional information | FMO3 is highly polymorphic, with as many as 15 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms identified, many of which are present at relatively high frequency, several single nucleotide polymorphisms cause loss of function mutation of FMO3 resulting in trimethylaminuria or fish-odor-syndrome, the mutant enzymes are incapable of metabolizing trimethylamine to its non-odorous N-oxide, haplotypes and phenotypes, overview | Homo sapiens |
additional information | most humans are homozygous for a nonsense mutation that inactivates FMO2. But a substantial proportion of sub-Saharan Africans express functional FMO2 and, thus, are predicted to respond differently to drugs and other foreign chemicals | Homo sapiens |
N61K | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO3, the mutant shows reduced activity | Homo sapiens |
N61S | loss of function mutation of FMO3 results in trimethylaminuria or fish-odor-syndrome, the mutant enzyme is incapable of metabolizing trimethylamine to its non-odorous N-oxide, nuta this mutant is still active with methimazole, phenotype, overview | Homo sapiens |
Q472X | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO2, inactive mutant | Homo sapiens |
R205C | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO3, the mutant shows highly reduced activity | Homo sapiens |
R502X | naturally occuring single nucleotide polymorphism of FMO1, the mutant shows substrate-dependent reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | the FMO1 gene is downregulated in the spinal cord of patients with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 5829 | - |
microsome | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | Homo sapiens | drug metabolism, overview, enzyme mutations are involved in development of trimethylaminuria or fish-odor-syndrome, overview | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | drug metabolism, overview, most humans are homozygous for a nonsense mutation that inactivates FMO2. But a substantial proportion of sub-Saharan Africans express functional FMO2 and, thus, are predicted to respond differently to drugs and other foreign chemicals | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | drug metabolism, overview, the FMO1 gene is downregulated in the spinal cord of patients with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but is upregulated in the myocardial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | the substrate specificity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FMO is more restricted than that of mammalian FMOs, reflecting its role in maintaining redox balance in the cell | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | P31513 | FMO3 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q01740 | FMO1 | - |
Homo sapiens | Q99518 | FMO2 | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
- |
- |
Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
---|---|---|---|
N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | catalytic cycle, reaction mechanism and structure-function relationship, overview | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
kidney | adult and fetal, high expression level of FMO1 | Homo sapiens | - |
liver | adult and fetal | Homo sapiens | - |
lung | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
small intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
spinal cord | reduced expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amphetamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antipsychotic agent, is converted to the hydroxylamine | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
chlorpromazine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | a dopemaine D2 antagonist | Homo sapiens | chlorpromazine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
clozapine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antipsychotic agent, is converted to the N-oxide | Homo sapiens | clozapine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
deprenyl + NADPH + H+ + O2 | a monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor, is converted to the hydroxylamine | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
ethionamide + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antibiotic agent | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
imipramine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antidepressant, is converted to the N-oxide | Homo sapiens | imipramine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
itopride + NADPH + H+ + O2 | a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, is converted to the N-oxide | Homo sapiens | itopride N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
methamphetamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | a psychostimulant, is converted to the hydroxylamine | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | drug metabolism, overview, enzyme mutations are involved in development of trimethylaminuria or fish-odor-syndrome, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | drug metabolism, overview, most humans are homozygous for a nonsense mutation that inactivates FMO2. But a substantial proportion of sub-Saharan Africans express functional FMO2 and, thus, are predicted to respond differently to drugs and other foreign chemicals | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | drug metabolism, overview, the FMO1 gene is downregulated in the spinal cord of patients with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but is upregulated in the myocardial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | the substrate specificity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FMO is more restricted than that of mammalian FMOs, reflecting its role in maintaining redox balance in the cell | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ? | - |
? | |
olopatadine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antihistamininc drug, is converted to the N-oxide | Homo sapiens | olopatadine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
tamoxifen + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an estrogen receptor modulator, is converted to the N-oxide | Homo sapiens | tamoxifen N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
thiacetazone + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antibiotic agent, is converted to the sulfinic acid/carbodiimide | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
thiacetazone + NADPH + H+ + O2 | an antibiotic agent, is converted to the sulfinic acid/carbodiimide | Homo sapiens | thiacetazone N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
FMO | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
FMO1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
FMO2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
FMO3 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
FAD | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
FAD | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADPH | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens |