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ATP + gamma-glutamylcysteine + gamma-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-glutamylcysteinyl-4-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-glutamylcysteine + glycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
?
-
assay at pH 7.5, 25°C
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine
?
-
assay at pH 7.5, 25°C
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + L-serine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-L-serine
-
-
i.e. hydroxymethyl-glutathione
-
?
additional information
?
-
ATP + gamma-glutamylcysteine + glycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-glutamylcysteine + glycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-glutamylcysteine + glycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine
-
-
i.e. glutathione
?
ATP + gamma-glutamylcysteine + glycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
transgenic tobacco plants expressing homoglutathione synthase in the cytosol exhibit tolerance to acifluorfen but not to fomesafen, those expressing the enzyme in chloroplasts exhibit no enhanced tolerance to acifluorfen or fomesafen
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
deficiency on GSH and hGSH synthesis inhibits the formation of the root nodule
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homoglutathione
?
additional information
?
-
-
exposition of plants to drought results in down-regulation of homoglutathione synthetase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hGSH synthetase found in plants is much more specific for beta-Ala, although it also accepts Gly as a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of ascorbate and homoglutathione biosynthesis in common bean nodules under stress conditions and during aging, the homoglutathione synthetase expression and activity is not affected by stress. During senescence in the first stage ascorbate decreases by 60%, while homoglutathione and antioxidant activities remain fairly constant,whereas in the second stage ascorbate and homoglutathione, their redox states, and their associated enzyme activities significantly decrease, overview
-
-
?
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ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + L-serine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-L-serine
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
transgenic tobacco plants expressing homoglutathione synthase in the cytosol exhibit tolerance to acifluorfen but not to fomesafen, those expressing the enzyme in chloroplasts exhibit no enhanced tolerance to acifluorfen or fomesafen
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
deficiency on GSH and hGSH synthesis inhibits the formation of the root nodule
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homo-glutathione
-
?
ATP + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + beta-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine
-
-
i.e. homoglutathione
?
additional information
?
-
-
exposition of plants to drought results in down-regulation of homoglutathione synthetase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hGSH synthetase found in plants is much more specific for beta-Ala, although it also accepts Gly as a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of ascorbate and homoglutathione biosynthesis in common bean nodules under stress conditions and during aging, the homoglutathione synthetase expression and activity is not affected by stress. During senescence in the first stage ascorbate decreases by 60%, while homoglutathione and antioxidant activities remain fairly constant,whereas in the second stage ascorbate and homoglutathione, their redox states, and their associated enzyme activities significantly decrease, overview
-
-
?
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Macnicol, P.K.
Homoglutathione and glutathione synthetases of legume seedlings: partial purification and substrate specificity
Plant Sci.
53
229-235
1987
Vigna radiata var. radiata
-
brenda
Klapheck, S.; Zopes, H.; Levels, H.G.; Bergmann, L.
Properties and localization of the homoglutathione synthetase from Phaseolus coccineus leaves
Physiol. Plant.
74
733-739
1988
Phaseolus coccineus
-
brenda
Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Heras, B.; Matamoros, M.A.; Ramos, J.; Moran, J.F.; Becana, M.
Cloning and functional characterization of a homoglutathione synthetase from pea nodules
Physiol. Plant.
115
69-73
2002
Pisum sativum
brenda
Matamoros, M.A.; Moran, J.F.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Rubio, M.C.; Becana, M.
Glutathione and homoglutathione synthesis in legume root nodules
Plant Physiol.
121
879-888
1999
Glycine max, Medicago sativa, no activity in Lupinus luteus, no activity in Vicia faba, no activity in Vigna radiata, Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris
brenda
Frendo, P.; Jimenez, M.J.; Mathieu, C.; Duret, L.; Gallesi, D.; Van de Sype, G.; Herouart, D.; Puppo, A.
A Medicago truncatula homoglutathione synthetase is derived from glutathione synthetase by gene duplication
Plant Physiol.
126
1706-1715
2001
Medicago truncatula (Q9XEB8), Medicago truncatula
brenda
Frendo, P.; Gallesi, D.; Turnbull, R.; Van de Sype, G.; Herouart, D.; Puppo, A.
Localization of glutathione and homoglutathione in Medicago truncatula is correlated to a differential expression of genes involved in their synthesis
Plant J.
17
215-219
1999
Medicago truncatula (Q9XEB8)
-
brenda
Moran, J.F.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Matamoros, M.A.; Rubio, M.C.; Clemente, M.R.; Brewin, N.J.; Becana, M.
Glutathione and homoglutathione synthetases of legume nodules. Cloning, expression, and subcellular localization
Plant Physiol.
124
1381-1392
2000
Phaseolus vulgaris (Q9FV26), Pisum sativum (Q9FV27)
brenda
Frendo, P.; Harrison, J.; Norman, C.; Hernandez Jimenez, M.J.; Van de Sype, G.; Gilabert, A.; Puppo, A.
Glutathione and homoglutathione play a critical role in the nodulation process of Medicago truncatula
Mol. Plant Microbe Interact.
18
254-259
2005
Medicago truncatula
brenda
Sugiyama, A.; Sekiya, J.
Homoglutathione confers tolerance to acifluorfen in transgenic tobacco plants expressing soybean homoglutathione synthetase
Plant Cell Physiol.
46
1428-1432
2005
Glycine max
brenda
Naya, L.; Ladrera, R.; Ramos, J.; Gonzalez, E.M.; Arrese-Igor, C.; Minchin, F.R.; Becana, M.
The response of carbon metabolism and antioxidant defenses of alfalfa nodules to drought stress and to the subsequent recovery of plants
Plant Physiol.
144
1104-1114
2007
Medicago sativa
brenda
Innocenti, G.; Pucciariello, C.; Le Gleuher, M.; Hopkins, J.; de Stefano, M.; Delledonne, M.; Puppo, A.; Baudouin, E.; Frendo, P.
Glutathione synthesis is regulated by nitric oxide in Medicago truncatula roots
Planta
225
1597-1602
2007
Medicago truncatula
brenda
Loscos, J.; Matamoros, M.A.; Becana, M.
Ascorbate and homoglutathione metabolism in common bean nodules under stress conditions and during natural senescence
Plant Physiol.
146
1282-1292
2008
Phaseolus vulgaris
brenda
Cruz de Carvalho, M.H.; Brunet, J.; Bazin, J.; Kranner, I.; d Arcy-Lameta, A.; Zuily-Fodil, Y.; Contour-Ansel, D.
Homoglutathione synthetase and glutathione synthetase in drought-stressed cowpea leaves: expression patterns and accumulation of low-molecular-weight thiols
J. Plant Physiol.
167
480-487
2010
Vigna unguiculata (C9VXR2), Vigna unguiculata
brenda
Galant, A.; Arkus, K.A.; Zubieta, C.; Cahoon, R.E.; Jez, J.M.
Structural basis for evolution of product diversity in soybean glutathione biosynthesis
Plant Cell
21
3450-3458
2009
Glycine max
brenda
Clemente, M.R.; Bustos-Sanmamed, P.; Loscos, J.; James, E.K.; Perez-Rontome, C.; Navascues, J.; Gay, M.; Becana, M.
Thiol synthetases of legumes: immunogold localization and differential gene regulation by phytohormones
J. Exp. Bot.
63
3923-3934
2012
Lotus japonicus, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris
brenda
Dworeck, T.; Zimmermann, M.
Site directed mutagenesis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe glutathione synthetase produces an enzyme with homoglutathione synthetase activity
PLoS ONE
7
e46580
2012
Medicago truncatula
brenda