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Information on EC 5.1.3.7 - UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens

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Homo sapiens
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
uae, udp-n-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase, udp-n-acetylglucosamine 4'-epimerase, udp-galnac 4-epimerase, udp-glcnac epimerase, gne epimerase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Epimerase, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine
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-
-
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Galactowaldenase
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UDP acetylglucosamine epimerase
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-
-
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UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
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Uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase
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-
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Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase
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Uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine epimerase
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-
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additional information
cf. EC 5.1.3.2
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
epimerization
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 4-epimerase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9024-16-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-glucose
UDP-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
show the reaction diagram
-
r
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-glucose
UDP-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NAD+
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most potent activator
NADH
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stimulates to a lesser gegree than NAD+
NADP+
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stimulates to a lesser degree than NAD+
NADPH
-
stimulates to a lesser degree than NAD+
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
5'-{(E)-[(6-bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-5'-deoxyuridine
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IC50: 0.025 mM, specific for UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase, powerful reagent for reversible inhibition of O-linked glycosylation
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.011
5'-{(E)-[(6-bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-5'-deoxyuridine
-
-
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.025
5'-{(E)-[(6-bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]amino}-5'-deoxyuridine
Homo sapiens
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IC50: 0.025 mM, specific for UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase, powerful reagent for reversible inhibition of O-linked glycosylation
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
8 - 9
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-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
from the knee joints
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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membrane
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
silencing GALE gene with specific siRNAs results in a markedly inhibition of proteoglycans (PGs)synthesis in human articular chondrocytes. GALE protein levels are also decreased in both human osteoarthritis cartilage, thus leading to losses of PGs contents. GALE inhibition might contribute to osteoarthritis progress. Mutations of gene GALE in humans results in an inherited metabolic disease, the type III galactosemia
physiological function
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) is a key enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, as well as UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, which are all precursors for the proteoglycans (PGs) synthesis. Role of GALE in PGs synthesis of human articular chondrocytes, the GALE expression in osteoarthritis, and the regulation of GALE expression by interleukin-1beta, overview. GALE mRNA expression is stimulated by interleukin-1beta in early phase, but suppressed in late phase, while the suppression of GALE expression induced by interleukin-1beta is mainly mediated by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Both SAP/JNK inhibitor SP600125 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuate the suppression of interleukin-1beta on GAG synthesis and GALE mRNA expression of chondrocyte. Critical role of GALE in maintaining cartilage homeostasis
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
GALE_HUMAN
348
0
38282
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
silencing gene GALE with specific siRNAs in human chondrocytes
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant enzyme
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene GALE, real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis in chondrocytes
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
GALE mRNA expression is stimulated by interleukin-1beta in early phase, but suppressed in late phase, while the suppression of GALE expression induced by interleukin-1beta is mainly mediated by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway
GALE mRNA expression is stimulated by interleukin-1beta in early phase, but suppressed in late phase, while the suppression of GALE expression induced by interleukin-1beta is mainly mediated by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Both SAP/JNK inhibitor SP600125 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuate the suppression of interleukin-1beta on GAG synthesis and GALE mRNA expression of chondrocyte
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Glowacka, D.; Zwierz, K.; Gindzienski, A.; Galasinski, W.
The metabolism of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the human gastric mucous membrane. II. The activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase (E.C. 5.1.3.7)
Biochem. Med.
19
202-210
1978
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Winans, K.A.; Bertozzi, C.R.
An inhibitor of the human UDP-GlcNAc 4-epimerase identified from a uridine-based library: a strategy to inhibit O-linked glycosylation
Chem. Biol.
9
113-129
2002
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wen, Y.; Qin, J.; Deng, Y.; Wang, H.; Magdalou, J.; Chen, L.
The critical role of UDP-galactose-4-epimerase in osteoarthritis modulating proteoglycans synthesis of the articular chondrocytes
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
452
906-911
2014
Homo sapiens (Q14376)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team