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Information on EC 5.1.3.2 - UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana
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5.1.3.2 UDP-glucose 4-epimeraseIUBMB Comments
Requires NAD+. Also acts on UDP-2-deoxyglucose.
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Word Map
- 5.1.3.2
- polysaccharide
- galactokinase
-
leloir
- galactosemia
- galactose-1-phosphate
- udp-galnac
- udp-n-acetylglucosamine
-
galactose-inducible
-
kluyveromyces
-
pyrophosphorylase
- fragilis
-
uridylyltransferase
- udp-n-acetylgalactosamine
- udpglucose
- udp-sugars
- galnac
- mutarotase
-
galactose-containing
-
o-antigens
-
udp-glucuronic
- medicine
- synthesis
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
gal10, udp-galactose 4-epimerase, 4-epimerase, udp-glucose 4-epimerase, udp-galactose-4-epimerase, udp-galactose 4'-epimerase, udp-glucose 4'-epimerase, udp-glucose-4-epimerase, udp-glucose epimerase, gal10p, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
4-Epimerase
-
-
-
-
Epimerase, uridine diphosphoglucose
-
-
-
-
Galactowaldenase
-
-
-
-
UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose 4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
UDP-glucose epimerase
-
-
-
-
UDPG-4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
UDPgalactose 4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
UGE4
Uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
Uridine diphosphate glucose 4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
Uridine diphospho-galactose-4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
Uridine diphosphoglucose 4-epimerase
-
-
-
-
Uridine diphosphoglucose epimerase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
epimerization
epimerization
-
The reaction mechanism of UGE is thought to occur via transfer of the 4'-OH hydrogen of the sugar to the nicotinamide ring of noncovalently bound NAD+, rotation of the resulting 4'-ketopyranose intermediate in the active site, and transfer of the hydride from the nicotinamide ring of NADH back to C-4 of the sugar.
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
Requires NAD+. Also acts on UDP-2-deoxyglucose.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9032-89-7
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-D-galactose
-
-
-
r
UDP-galactose
UDP-glucose
-
RDH1 is a likely target of root-specific negative regulation by ethylene and loss of RDH1 function results in a heightened sensitivity of root tissues to both ethylene and auxin
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-glucose
UDP-D-galactose
-
-
-
r
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
inhibited by combination of 100 microM NADH and 10 microM NAD+
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.057
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE4, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-Glc dehydrogenase
0.068
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE3, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-Glc dehydrogenase
0.087
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme UGE1, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-Glc dehydrogenase
0.095
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme UGE2, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDPGlc dehydrogenase
0.15
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE5, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
0.1 - 0.13
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
0.17 - 0.22
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
0.19 - 0.22
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
0.23 - 0.3
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
0.09
UDP-glucose
-
values are indirectly determined from the Haldane relationship
0.13
UDP-glucose
-
values are indirectly determined from the Haldane relationship
0.19
UDP-glucose
-
values are indirectly determined from the Haldane relationship
0.56
UDP-glucose
-
values are indirectly determined from the Haldane relationship
0.76
UDP-glucose
-
values are indirectly determined from the Haldane relationship
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
9
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme
20
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE4
27
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE3
55
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme UGE2
64
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE5
23 - 24
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
28 - 34
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
42 - 66
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
89 - 101
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
115 - 128
UDP-galactose
-
Different enzyme concentrations give slight variations in activity.
2 - 8
UDP-glucose
-
The approximate value is estimated from reaction velocities at saturating substrate concentrations (59 mM).
19
UDP-glucose
-
The approximate value is estimated from reaction velocities at saturating substrate concentrations (59 mM).
24
UDP-glucose
-
The approximate value is estimated from reaction velocities at saturating substrate concentrations (59 mM).
32
UDP-glucose
-
The approximate value is estimated from reaction velocities at saturating substrate concentrations (59 mM).
33
UDP-glucose
-
The approximate value is estimated from reaction velocities at saturating substrate concentrations (59 mM).
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
103
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme UGE1, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
350
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE4, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
397
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE3, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
435
UDP-D-galactose
recombinant enzyme UGE5, 100 mM glycine/NaOH (pH 8.6), 0.015-1 mM UDP-Gal, 2 mM NAD+ and 40 mU of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
the gene is expressed in all tissues, with highest expression level in the stems and roots
-
the gene is expressed in all tissues, with highest expression level in the stems and roots
-
Heterodera schachtii parasitism strongly downregulates RDH1 expression in the root 3 days after inoculation
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
identification of a mutant allele of UDP-glucose epimerase 4 (UGE4)/root hair defective 1/root epidermal bulgar 1, which is a mutant with swollen root epidermal cells and has an altered sugar composition in cell wall polysaccharides. Importantly, these defects including aggregate formation are restored by supplementation of D-galactose in the medium. Intracellular aggregates in the uge4 mutant contains endomembrane markers in the secretory and vacuolar pathways. The lack of UGE4 function affects the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum or trafficking of the endoplasmic reticulum marker. Phenotype, overview. Disruption of the cytoskeleton is not a primary cause of the endomembrane aggregates in the uge4 mutant
physiological function
physiological function
bifunctional cytosolic UDP-glucose 4-epimerase catalyses the interconversion between UDP-D-xylose and UDP-L-arabinose in plants
physiological function
UDP-D-galactose synthesis by UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 4 is required for organization of the trans-Golgi network/early endosome in Arabidopsis thaliana root epidermal cells. UDP-D-galactose synthesis by UGE4 is important for endomembrane organization in addition to cell wall structure
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). UGE5_ARATH
351
0
38618
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
UGE1_ARATH
351
0
39158
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
UGE2_ARATH
350
0
38382
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 5)
UGE3_ARATH
351
0
38910
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
UGE4_ARATH
348
0
38123
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
103000
-
Dynamic Light Scattering, calculated from the hydrodynamic radius using the default volume shape hydration model.
84000
-
Dynamic Light Scattering, calculated from the hydrodynamic radius using the default volume shape hydration model.
91000
-
Dynamic Light Scattering, calculated from the hydrodynamic radius using the default volume shape hydration model.
98000
-
Dynamic Light Scattering, calculated from the hydrodynamic radius using the default volume shape hydration model.
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
identification of a mutant allele of UDP-glucose epimerase 4 (UGE4)/root hair defective 1/root epidermal bulgar 1, which is a mutant with swollen root epidermal cells and has an altered sugar composition in cell wall polysaccharides, phenotype, overview
additional information
-
identification of a mutant allele of UDP-glucose epimerase 4 (UGE4)/root hair defective 1/root epidermal bulgar 1, which is a mutant with swollen root epidermal cells and has an altered sugar composition in cell wall polysaccharides, phenotype, overview
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
purification of the recombinant Arabidopsis enzyme by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Drmann, P.; Benning, C.
Functional expression of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) from Arabidopsis thaliana in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
327
27-34
1996
Arabidopsis thaliana
Wubben, M.J.2nd.; Rodermel, S.R.; Baum, T.J.
Mutation of a UDP-glucose-4-epimerase alters nematode susceptibility and ethylene responses in Arabidopsis roots
Plant J.
40
712-724
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Barber, C.; Roesti, J.; Rawat, A.; Findlay, K.; Roberts, K.; Seifert, G.J.
Distinct properties of the five UDP-D-glucose/UDP-D-galactose 4-epimerase isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Biol. Chem.
281
17276-17285
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
Roesti, J.; Barton, C.J.; Albrecht, S.; Dupree, P.; Pauly, M.; Findlay, K.; Roberts, K.; Seifert, G.J.
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase isoforms UGE2 and UGE4 cooperate in providing UDP-galactose for cell wall biosynthesis and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell
19
1565-1579
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Siddique, S.; Endres, S.; Atkins, J.M.; Szakasits, D.; Wieczorek, K.; Hofmann, J.; Blaukopf, C.; Urwin, P.E.; Tenhaken, R.; Grundler, F.M.; Kreil, D.P.; Bohlmann, H.
Myo-inositol oxygenase genes are involved in the development of syncytia induced by Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis roots
New Phytol.
184
457-472
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42605), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8LDN8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C7W7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SN58), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9T0A7)
Kotake, T.; Takata, R.; Verma, R.; Takaba, M.; Yamaguchi, D.; Orita, T.; Kaneko, S.; Matsuoka, K.; Koyama, T.; Reiter, W.D.; Tsumuraya, Y.
Bifunctional cytosolic UDP-glucose 4-epimerases catalyse the interconversion between UDP-D-xylose and UDP-L-arabinose in plants
Biochem. J.
424
169-177
2009
Pisum sativum (B0M3E8), Pisum sativum, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42605), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8LDN8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C7W7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SN58), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9T0A7)
Wang, S.; Ito, T.; Uehara, M.; Naito, S.; Takano, J.
UDP-D-galactose synthesis by UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 4 is required for organization of the trans-Golgi network/early endosome in Arabidopsis thaliana root epidermal cells
J. Plant Res.
128
863-873
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C7W7), Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9C7W7)
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