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Information on EC 4.3.2.1 - argininosuccinate lyase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens

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     4 Lyases
         4.3 Carbon-nitrogen lyases
             4.3.2 Amidine-lyases
                4.3.2.1 argininosuccinate lyase
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
argininosuccinate lyase, argininosuccinase, argininosuccinic acid lyase, delta2-crystallin, delta2 crystallin, arginosuccinase, l-argininosuccinate arginine-lyase, arginine-succinate lyase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
arginine-succinate lyase
-
-
-
-
argininosuccinase
Argininosuccinate lyase
argininosuccinic acid lyase
-
-
-
-
Arginosuccinase
-
-
-
-
ASAL
-
-
-
-
delta2-crystallin
-
-
-
-
L-argininosuccinate arginine-lyase
-
-
-
-
lyase, argininosuccinate
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate arginine-lyase (fumarate-forming)
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9027-34-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
fumarate + L-arginine
show the reaction diagram
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
fumarate + L-arginine
show the reaction diagram
argininosuccinate
?
show the reaction diagram
-
urea cycle enzyme, deficiency results in argininosuccinic aciduria
-
-
?
argininosuccinate
fumarate + L-Arg
show the reaction diagram
fumarate + arginine
argininosuccinate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
r
fumarate + L-Arg
argininosuccinate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
fumarate + L-arginine
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
show the reaction diagram
-
accumulation of fumarate leads to reversed argininosuccinate lyase activity in fumarate hydratase-deficient cancer cells
-
-
r
N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]pentan-1-ol
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
fumarate + L-arginine
show the reaction diagram
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
fumarate + L-arginine
show the reaction diagram
argininosuccinate
?
show the reaction diagram
-
urea cycle enzyme, deficiency results in argininosuccinic aciduria
-
-
?
argininosuccinate
fumarate + L-Arg
show the reaction diagram
fumarate + L-arginine
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
show the reaction diagram
-
accumulation of fumarate leads to reversed argininosuccinate lyase activity in fumarate hydratase-deficient cancer cells
-
-
r
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
citrulline
-
noncompetitive vs. fumarate and arginine
D-glucose
-
12.5 mM glucose decreases activity of ASL by 20%, 25 mM glucose by 50%
succinate
-
noncompetitive vs. fumarate and arginine
additional information
-
acetylation at Lys288 or Lys69 decreases activity of ASL
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
amino acids
-
extra amino acids in culture media increases activity of ASL by decreasing inhibitory acetylation rate
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.2 - 2.6
(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
0.18 - 0.53
2-(Nomega-L-arginino)succinate
3
Arg
-
-
3
arginine
-
-
0.1 - 0.2
argininosuccinate
5.3
fumarate
-
-
0.12
N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]pentan-1-ol
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3.28
argininosuccinate
-
-
34.5
N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]pentan-1-ol
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
208
-
mutant c.G532A, pH 7.5, 37°C
23
-
mutant c.A857G, pH 7.5, 37°C
280
-
mutant c.C1135T, pH 7.5, 37°C
3
-
mutant c.C1153T, pH 7.5, 37°C
41
-
mutant c.A566G, pH 7.5, 37°C
4227
-
wild-type, pH 7.5, 37°C
5
-
mutant c.A943G, pH 7.5, 37°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6.8 - 7.2
-
formation of argininosuccinate
7.5
-
formation of argininosuccinate
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
low mRNA content
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
the enzynme is overexpressed in breast cancer
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
using DNA
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
low mRNA content
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
fumarate hydratase defiecient or proficient cells, the latter termed UOKpFH cells
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
ARLY_HUMAN
464
0
51658
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
187000
-
equilibrium sedimentation
200000
-
gel filtration
49000
-
4 * 49000, SDS-PAGE
50000
-
4 * 50000, SDS-PAGE
51600
-
4 * 51600, deduced from nucleotide sequence
51663
-
x * 51663, calculation from nucleotide sequence
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
-
x * 51663, calculation from nucleotide sequence
tetramer
additional information
-
small heat shock protein, alphaA-crystallin, functions as a molecular chaperone, and enhances thermal stability of both delta-crystallin and ASL. Thermal unfolding of delta-crystallin or ASL in the presence of alphaA-crystallin follows a similar three-state model. A stable intermediate which retains about 30% alpha-helical structure is observed. Protection from thermal denaturation by alphaA-crystallin is by interaction with partly unfolded ASL to form high molecular weight heteroligomers. Aggregate formation of ASL is significantly reduced in the presence of alphaA-crystallin. The extent of protection of ASL at different ratios of alpahA-crystallin is described by hyperbolic curves, suggesting the preferential recognition of partly unfolded ASL by alphaA-crystallin
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
side-chain modification
-
acetylation at Lys288 or Lys69 in liver decreases activity of ASL
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging-drop vapor diffusion, crystal structure of Q286R mutant at 2.65 A
-
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
A398D
-
no activity, 15.55 of wild-type activity if coexpressed with Q286R
D31N
missense mutation found in patients with late onset of argininosuccinic aciduria, residual activity
D87G
-
no activity, 35.2% of wild-type activity if coexpressed with Q286R
E189G
the mutant enzyme decreased enzyme efficiency (78% of wild-type), no significant decrease in Km-value, displays thermal instability
E73K
missense mutation found in patient with neonatal onset of argininosuccinic aciduria, enzyme inactive
I100T
the mutant enzyme decreased enzyme efficiency (61% of wild-type), no significant decrease in Km-value, displays thermal instability
K288R
-
132% of wild-type activity
M360T
-
no actiivty, 10% of wild-type activity if coexpressed with Q286R
M382R
missense mutation found in patient with neonatal onset of argininosuccinic aciduria, residual activity
Q286R
R113Q
R12Q
-
6% of wild-type kcat
R182Q
missense mutation found in patient with late onset of argininosuccinic aciduria, enzyme inactive
R186Q
missense mutation found in patient with neonatal onset of argininosuccinic aciduria, residual activity
R236W
R297Q
missense mutation found in patient with late onset of argininosuccinic aciduria, residual activity
R379C
no significant decrease in Km-value, displays thermal instability
R456W missense mutation found in patient with neonatal onset of argininosuccinic aciduria
residual activity
R95C
the mutant enzyme decreased enzyme efficiency (32% of wild-type), no significant decrease in Km-value, displays thermal instability
V178M
V335L
additional information
pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7
-
at 4°C and at 25°C, 8 h, stable
34429
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
38
-
30 min, stable
4
-
Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5, 50% loss of activity after 2.3 h
42.4
Tm-value: mutant enzyme V335L
46.5
Tm-value: mutant enzyme R95C
48
Tm-value: mutant enzyme R379C
48.1
Tm-value: mutant enzyme E189G
48.5
Tm-value: mutant enzyme I100T
49.9
Tm-value: mutant enzyme V178M
52.7
Tm-value: wild-type enzyme
54
-
mid-point temperature transition 2
57
-
mid-point temperature transition 1 and 3
58
-
mid-point temperature transition 3, presence of alphaA-crystallin
83
-
mid-point temperature transition 1, presence of alphaA-crystallin
85
-
mid-point temperature transition 2, presence of alphaA-crystallin
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ASL undergoes cold dissociation via a dimer intermediate
-
repeated freezing and thawing does not appreciably alter the activity
-
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4°C, Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5, 50% loss of activity after 2.3 h
-
frozen in 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, stable
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
liver ASL
-
recombinant ASL
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning of cDNA
-
expression in Escherichia coli
-
expression in Escherichia coli and COS-7 cells
-
expression of ASL constructs in human embryonic kidney 293T cells
in vitro overexpression of ASL enzyme mutant R236W in COS7 cells andprimary fibroblasts
-
overexpressed in HEK293T cells or in Escherichia coli
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
diagnostics
-
the urea cycle metabolite argininosuccinate is a common metabolic biomarker of FH deficiency
drug development
argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is overexpressed in breast cancer and downregulation of argininosuccinate lyase decreases tumor growth by inhibiting cyclin A2 and NO. Administration of ASL shRNA may be a treatment to prevent cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell death
medicine
pharmacology
argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is overexpressed in breast cancer and downregulation of argininosuccinate lyase decreases tumor growth by inhibiting cyclin A2 and NO. Administration of ASL shRNA may be a treatment to prevent cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell death
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Matuo, S.; Tatsuno, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Saheki, T.; Miyata, T.; Iwanaga, S.; Amaya, Y.; Mori, M.
Isolation of cDNA clones of human argininosuccinate lyase and corrected amino acid sequence
FEBS Lett.
234
395-399
1988
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Miura, T.; Kashiwamura, M.; Kimura, M.
An enzymatic method for the assay of serum argininosuccinate lyase
Anal. Biochem.
164
482-487
1987
Homo sapiens, Sus scrofa
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
O'Brien, W.E.; McInnes, R.; Kalumuck, K.; Adcock, M.
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for human argininosuccinate lyase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
83
7211-7215
1986
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Palekar, A.G.; Mantagos, S.
Human liver arginiosuccinase purification and partial characterization
J. Biol. Chem.
256
9192-9194
1981
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
O'Brien, W.E.; Barr, R.H.
Argininosuccinate lyase: purification and characterization from human liver
Biochemistry
20
2056-2060
1981
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Turner, M.A.; Achyuthan, A.M.; Hershfield, M.S.; McInnes, R.R.; Howell, P.L.
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human argininosuccinic acid lyase
J. Mol. Biol.
239
336-338
1994
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chakraborty, A.R.; Davidson, A.; Howell, P.L.
Mutational analysis of amino acid residues involved in argininosuccinate lyase activity in duck delta II crystallin
Biochemistry
38
2435-2443
1999
Anas platyrhynchos, Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sampaleanu, L.M.; Vallee, F.; Thompson, G.D.; Howell, P.L.
Three-dimensional structure of the argininosuccinate lyase frequently complementing allele Q286R
Biochemistry
40
15570-15580
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, B.; Thompson, G.D.; Yip, P.; Howell, P.L.; Davidson, A.R.
Mechanisms for intragenic complementation at the human argininosuccinate lyase locus
Biochemistry
40
15581-15590
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yu, B.; Howell, P.L.
Intragenic complementation and the structure and function of argininosuccinate lyase
Cell. Mol. Life Sci.
57
1637-1651
2000
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Linnebank, M.; Homberger, A.; Rapp, B.; Winter, C.; Marquardt, T.; Harms, E.; Koch, H.G.
Two novel mutations (E86A, R113W) in argininosuccinate lyase deficiency and evidence for highly variable splicing of the human argininosuccinate lyase gene
J. Inherit. Metab. Dis.
23
308-312
2000
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lam, T.L.; Wong, G.K.; Chong, H.C.; Cheng, P.N.; Choi, S.C.; Chow, T.L.; Kwok, S.Y.; Poon, R.T.; Wheatley, D.N.; Lo, W.H.; Leung, Y.C.
Recombinant human arginase inhibits proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing cell cycle arrest
Cancer Lett.
277
91-100
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mitchell, S.; Ellingson, C.; Coyne, T.; Hall, L.; Neill, M.; Christian, N.; Higham, C.; Dobrowolski, S.F.; Tuchman, M.; Summar, M.; Summar, M.
Genetic variation in the urea cycle: a model resource for investigating key candidate genes for common diseases
Hum. Mutat.
30
56-60
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Feng, J.F.; Chen, T.M.; Wen, Y.A.; Wang, J.; Tu, Z.G.
Study of serum argininosuccinate lyase determination for diagnosis of liver diseases
J. Clin. Lab. Anal.
22
220-227
2008
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nagasaka, H.; Tsukahara, H.; Yorifuji, T.; Miida, T.; Murayama, K.; Tsuruoka, T.; Takatani, T.; Kanazawa, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Okano, Y.; Takayanagi, M.
Evaluation of endogenous nitric oxide synthesis in congenital urea cycle enzyme defects
Metab. Clin. Exp.
58
278-282
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Trevisson, E.; Burlina, A.; Doimo, M.; Pertegato, V.; Casarin, A.; Cesaro, L.; Navas, P.; Basso, G.; Sartori, G.; Salviati, L.
Functional complementation in yeast allows molecular characterization of missense argininosuccinate lyase mutations
J. Biol. Chem.
284
28926-28934
2009
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens (P04424), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S.; Moeslinger, D.; Haeberle, J.; Engel, K.; Herle, M.; Strobl, M.W.; Scheibenreiter, S.; Muehl, A.; Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu, S.
Long-term outcome of patients with argininosuccinate lyase deficiency diagnosed by newborn screening in Austria
Mol. Genet. Metab.
100
24-28
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Neill, M.A.; Aschner, J.; Barr, F.; Summar, M.L.
Quantitative RT-PCR comparison of the urea and nitric oxide cycle gene transcripts in adult human tissues
Mol. Genet. Metab.
97
121-127
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhao, S.; Xu, W.; Jiang, W.; Yu, W.; Lin, Y.; Zhang, T.; Yao, J.; Zhou, L.; Zeng, Y.; Li, H.; Li, Y.; Shi, J.; An, W.; Hancock, S.; He, F.; Qin, L.; Chin, J.; Yang, P.; Chen, X.; Lei, Q.; Xiong, Y.; Guan, K.
Regulation of cellular metabolism by protein lysine acetylation
Science
327
1000-1004
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, Y.H.; Lee, M.T.; Cheng, Y.W.; Chou, W.Y.; Yu, C.M.; Lee, H.J.
Distinct interactions of alphaA-crystallin with homologous substrate proteins, delta-crystallin and argininosuccinate lyase, under thermal stress
Biochimie
93
314-320
2011
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Engel, K.; Vuissoz, J.; Eggimann, S.; Groux, M.; Berning, C.; Hu, L.; Klaus, V.; Moeslinger, D.; Mercimek-Mahmutoglu, S.; Stckler, S.; Wermuth, B.; Hberle, J.; Nuoffer, J.
Bacterial expression of mutant argininosuccinate lyase reveals imperfect correlation of in-vitro enzyme activity with clinical phenotype in argininosuccinic aciduria
J. Inherit. Metab. Dis.
35
133-140
2012
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zheng, L.; Mackenzie, E.D.; Karim, S.A.; Hedley, A.; Blyth, K.; Kalna, G.; Watson, D.G.; Szlosarek, P.; Frezza, C.; Gottlieb, E.
Reversed argininosuccinate lyase activity in fumarate hydratase-deficient cancer cells
Cancer Metab.
1
12
2013
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Erez, A.; Nagamani, S.C.; Shchelochkov, O.A.; Premkumar, M.H.; Campeau, P.M.; Chen, Y.; Garg, H.K.; Li, L.; Mian, A.; Bertin, T.K.; Black, J.O.; Zeng, H.; Tang, Y.; Reddy, A.K.; Summar, M.; OBrien, W.E.; Harrison, D.G.; Mitch, W.E.; Marini, J.C.; Aschner, J.L.; Bryan, N.S.; Lee, B.
Requirement of argininosuccinate lyase for systemic nitric oxide production
Nat. Med.
17
1619-1626
2011
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hu, L.; Pandey, A.V.; Balmer, C.; Eggimann, S.; Ruefenacht, V.; Nuoffer, J.M.; Haeberle, J.
Unstable argininosuccinate lyase in variant forms of the urea cycle disorder argininosuccinic aciduria
J. Inherit. Metab. Dis.
38
815-827
2015
Homo sapiens (P04424), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Huang, H.L.; Chen, W.C.; Hsu, H.P.; Cho, C.Y.; Hung, Y.H.; Wang, C.Y.; Lai, M.D.
Argininosuccinate lyase is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer
Oncol. Rep.
34
3131-3139
2015
Homo sapiens (P04424), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hung, Y.H.; Huang, H.L.; Chen, W.C.; Yen, M.C.; Cho, C.Y.; Weng, T.Y.; Wang, C.Y.; Chen, Y.L.; Chen, L.T.; Lai, M.D.
Argininosuccinate lyase interacts with cyclin A2 in cytoplasm and modulates growth of liver tumor cells
Oncol. Rep.
37
969-978
2017
Homo sapiens (P04424)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team