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EC Tree
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
malease, maleate hydratase, hbzij,
more
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D-malate hydro-lyase
-
-
-
-
maleic-acid hydratase
-
-
-
-
HbzIJ
-
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(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
stereochemistry of overall reaction is trans, according to magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical rotatory properties
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
Fe-S cluster involved in catalysis, trans hydration
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
Hansenula sp.
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
generally high streospecificity for D-malate production
-
(R)-malate = maleate + H2O
-
-
-
-
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(R)-malate hydro-lyase (maleate-forming)
-
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2,3-dimethylmaleate
?
-
0.8% of turnover of maleate, equlibrium constant: 11.2
-
-
?
bromomaleate
(-)-erythro((2S, 3S)-3-)-bromomalate
chloromaleate
(-)-erythro((2S, 3S)-3-)-chloromalate
citraconate
D-citramalate
DL-malate
maleate
-
16-25% of turnover in opposite direction
-
?
maleic acid + H2O
(R)-malic acid
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
maleate counterion greatly affects enzyme activity and solute substrate concentration, Ca2+ at 750 mM optimal, followed by Mg2+
-
-
?
bromomaleate
(-)-erythro((2S, 3S)-3-)-bromomalate
-
-
-
-
?
bromomaleate
(-)-erythro((2S, 3S)-3-)-bromomalate
-
-
-
-
?
chloromaleate
(-)-erythro((2S, 3S)-3-)-chloromalate
-
-
-
-
?
chloromaleate
(-)-erythro((2S, 3S)-3-)-chloromalate
-
-
-
-
?
citraconate
D-citramalate
-
-
-
?
citraconate
D-citramalate
-
-
-
?
citraconate
D-citramalate
-
-
-
?
citraconate
D-citramalate
-
54% of turnover of maleate, equlibrium constant: 104
-
?
maleate
(R)-malate
-
-
-
?
maleate
(R)-malate
-
-
-
?
maleate
(R)-malate
-
threo-D-malate-3-d
-
-
?
maleate
(R)-malate
-
equilibrium constant: 2050
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
Hansenula sp.
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
product enters citric acid cycle
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
involved in 3-hydroxybenzoate degradation, enzyme is induced when organism grows on 3-hydroxybenzoate, growth-cycle dependent, maleate is no growth substrate due to lack of system for transport into cell
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
metabolic role
-
-
?
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
-
-
-
-
r
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
-
-
-
-
r
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
-
-
-
?
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
the enzyme is involved in maleylpyruvate catabolism in the gentisate pathway
-
-
?
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
-
-
-
?
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
the enzyme is involved in maleylpyruvate catabolism in the gentisate pathway
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
Hansenula sp.
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
product enters citric acid cycle
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
involved in 3-hydroxybenzoate degradation, enzyme is induced when organism grows on 3-hydroxybenzoate, growth-cycle dependent, maleate is no growth substrate due to lack of system for transport into cell
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
possibly involved in salvaging pathway of pyridine nucleotides under conditions of nutrient depletion
-
-
?
maleate
?
-
metabolic role
-
-
?
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
the enzyme is involved in maleylpyruvate catabolism in the gentisate pathway
-
-
?
maleate + H2O
(R)-malate
the enzyme is involved in maleylpyruvate catabolism in the gentisate pathway
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Mn2+
-
49% activation at 2 mM
Fe2+
-
353% activation at 2 mM
Fe2+
-
activates at 0.01-0.1 mM in the presence of Na2S and thiol, dependent on sequence of addition of compounds
additional information
-
-
additional information
-
-
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(2R,3S)-tartaric acid
-
Ki: 3.15 mM
2,2-dimethylsuccinate
-
Ki: 0.025 mM
acetylenedicarboxylate
-
Ki: 4.55 mM
Ba2+
-
36% inhibition at 100 mM, formation of substrate/product precipitate
Ca2+
-
20% inhibition at 250 mM
CdCl2
-
24% inhibition at 2 mM
D-citramalate
-
Ki: 0.083 mM
EDTA
-
80% inhibition at 1 mM
Maleate
-
important for commercial use, liquid/crystal two phase systems developed to minimize effect
Mg2+
-
16% inhibition at 250 mM
nitrilo-triacetic acid
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM
oxaloacetic acid
-
Ki: 8.22 mM
phosphate
-
92% inhibition at 100 mM
RuCl3
-
up to 100% inhibition at 0.25 mM, dependent on sequence of addition
ZnSO4
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM
CuSO4
-
32% inhibition at 2 mM
CuSO4
-
60% inhibition at 1 mM
D-malate
-
important for commercial use, liquid/crystal two phase systems developed to minimize effect
Fe2(SO4)3
-
41% inhibition at 2 mM
Fe2(SO4)3
-
67% inhibition at 1 mM
HgCl2
-
25% inhibition at 2 mM
HgCl2
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM
iodoacetamide
-
-
iodoacetamide
-
complete inhibition at 1 mM
o-phenanthroline
-
-
o-phenanthroline
-
65% inhibition at 1 mM
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
-
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
75% inhibition at 1 mM
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
-
-
-
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additional information
-
activation by Fe2+ and L-cysteine, or other sulfhydryl compounds
-
additional information
-
absolute requirement for univalent anions, accompanying cations appear to be unimportant, relatively pH-independen in decreasing order: Br-, Cl-/ NO3-, I-, SCN-, formate, F-, acetate: 0, equation for activation effect of Cl-
-
additional information
-
absolute requirement for Cl-, 100% activation at 100 mM, Br-, SCN-, and NO3- can partly replace, accompanying cations relatively unimportant, S2- activates at 0.01-0.1 mM
-
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0.2
citraconate
-
-
0.35
Maleate
-
-
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3.15
(2R,3S)-tartaric acid
-
-
0.025
2,2-dimethylsuccinate
-
-
4.55
acetylenedicarboxylate
-
-
8.22
oxaloacetic acid
-
-
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
7
-
enzyme assay at
7
Hansenula sp.
-
enzyme assay at
7.4
-
enzyme assay at
7.5
-
enzyme assay at
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7.4 - 8.6
-
enzyme assays between
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30
-
enzyme assay at
30
Hansenula sp.
-
enzyme assay at
45
-
-
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-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
Hansenula sp.
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
rabbit
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
Q0QFQ7: hbzI, Q0QFQ6: hbzJ
UniProt
brenda
Q0QFQ7: hbzI, Q0QFQ6: hbzJ
UniProt
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
corn
-
-
brenda
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-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
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metabolism
the enzyme is involved in maleylpyruvate catabolism in the gentisate pathway
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in maleylpyruvate catabolism in the gentisate pathway
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
LEUC_METJA
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (strain ATCC 43067 / DSM 2661 / JAL-1 / JCM 10045 / NBRC 100440)
424
0
46107
Swiss-Prot
-
LEUD_METJA
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (strain ATCC 43067 / DSM 2661 / JAL-1 / JCM 10045 / NBRC 100440)
168
0
18377
Swiss-Prot
-
A0A151AIR9_9EURY
659
0
71090
TrEMBL
-
A0A2N9NZP7_9BACT
456
0
49972
TrEMBL
-
M1ZC93_NITG3
Nitrospina gracilis (strain 3/211)
187
0
20421
TrEMBL
-
A0A2N9NUG2_9BACT
183
0
19817
TrEMBL
-
A0A084GE81_PSEDA
712
0
76666
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
N0E4X2_9MICO
169
0
17760
TrEMBL
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
24000
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 57000 + 1 * 24000, SDS-PAGE
28000
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 58000 + 1 * 28000, SDS-PAGE
57000
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 57000 + 1 * 24000, SDS-PAGE
58000
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 58000 + 1 * 28000, SDS-PAGE
68540
-
amino acid composition
69500
-
1 * 69500, SDS-PAGE
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monomer
-
1 * 69500, SDS-PAGE
additional information
-
amino acid composition
dimer
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 58000 + 1 * 28000, SDS-PAGE
dimer
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 58000 + 1 * 28000, SDS-PAGE
-
dimer
-
alpha1 beta1, 1 * 57000 + 1 * 24000, SDS-PAGE
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6
-
rapidly inactivated below
5649
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40
-
20% inactivation after 30 min
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very unstable, Na2S stabilizes, only 15% loss of activity under anaerobic conditions
-
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-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
expression in Escherichia coli
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medicine
-
possibly involved in regulation of renal activity
synthesis
-
biosynthesis of synthons for fine chemicals industry, description of a crystal-liquid two-phase system and soluble metal-organic acid complex system for fermentation which minimizes substrate inhibition and thereby increases efficiency
synthesis
-
use for synthesis of chiral synthons considered
synthesis
-
production of (R)-malic acid, which can be used as chiral synthon in organic chemistry or as resolving agent in resolution of racemic compounds
synthesis
-
use for synthesis of chiral synthons considered
-
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Britten, J.S.; Taggart, J.V.
Anion activation of maleate hydratase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
185
220-227
1969
Oryctolagus cuniculus
brenda
Sacks, W.; Jensen, C.O.
Malease, a hydrase from corn kernels
J. Biol. Chem.
192
231-236
1951
Zea mays
brenda
Dreyer, J.L.
Isolation and biochemical characterization of maleic-acid hydratase, an iron-requiring hydro-lyase
Eur. J. Biochem.
150
145-154
1985
Oryctolagus cuniculus
brenda
Englard, S.; Britten, J.S.; Listowsky, I.
Stereochemical curse of the maleate hydratase reaction
J. Biol. Chem.
242
2255-2259
1967
Oryctolagus cuniculus
brenda
Van der Werf, M.J.; Hartmans, S.; Van der Tweel, W.J.J.
Effect of maleate counterion on malease activity: production of D-malate in a crystal-liquid two-phase system
Enzyme Microb. Technol.
17
430-436
1995
Pseudomonas oleovorans
-
brenda
Van der Werf, M.J.; Van der Tweel, W.J.J.; Hartmans, S.
Screening for microorganisms producing D-malate from maleate
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
58
2854-2860
1992
Acinetobacter sp., Actinoplanes sp., Aspergillus sp., Brevibacterium sp., Candida sp. (in: Saccharomycetales), Streptomyces sp., Corynebacterium sp., Penicillium sp., Exophiala sp., Hansenula sp., Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp., Mycobacterium sp., Nocardia sp., Phanerochaete sp., Pichia sp., Pleurotus sp., Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas oleovorans, Rhodotorula sp., Saccharomyces sp., Schizosaccharomyces sp., Sporobolomyces sp., Trichosporon sp., Xanthobacter sp., Yarrowia sp.
brenda
Van der Werf, M.J.; Van der Tweel, W.J.J.; Hartmans, S.
Purification and characterization of maleate hydratase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
59
2823-2829
1993
Pseudomonas oleovorans
brenda
Ueda, M.; Yamada, H.; Asano, Y.
The substrate specificity of maleate hydratase from Arthrobacter sp. strain MCI2612
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
41
215-218
1994
Arthrobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp. MCI2612
-
brenda
Ueda, M.; Asano, Y.; Yamada, H.
Purification and characterization of maleate hydratase from Arthrobacter sp. strain MC12612
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
57
1545-1548
1993
Arthrobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp. MCI2612
-
brenda
Van der Werf, M.J.; Huybers, P.; Van den Tweel, W.J.J.; Hartmans, S.
Induction of maleate hydratase in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
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