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acid-denatured haemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
aprataxin and PNKP-like factor + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
Bovine hemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Bovine serum albumin + H2O
?
Egg albumin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
EQAGGDATEDFEDVGHSTDAR + H2O
EQAGGDATED + FEDVGHST + DAR
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKA + H2O
FVNQHL + CGSHLVE + Ala-Leu + Tyr + LVCGERGF + FYTPKA
-
substrate is the insulin B chain
-
-
?
KDEAASDVK + H2O
KDEAAS + DVK
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
KIYKDTEGY + H2O
KIY + KD + TEGY
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
LFNQDVDAAVR + H2O
LFNQDVD + AAVR
LKPVYDSLDAVRR + H2O
LKPVY + DSL + DAVRR
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
LQQKRWDEAA + H2O
LQQK + L-Arg-L-Trp + DEAA
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
NQDVDAAVRGIK + H2O
NQDV + L-Asp + AAVRGIK
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
oxidized insulin B chain + H2O
?
-
nepenthesin I: 80% cleavage of Phe24-Phe25, 67% cleavage of Glu13-Ala14, 50% cleavage of Leu6-cysteic-acid7, 38% cleavage of Leu15-Tyr16 and 33% cleavage of Tyr16-Leu17
-
?
PFU-093 + H2O
FITC(Ahx)-L-Val + L-Val + L-Lys-Dbc
Ribonuclease + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
TGTWDAYK + H2O
TGTWDA + YK
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
TGTYDATK + H2O
TGTYDA + L-Thr-L-Lys
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
Thr-Ile-Asp-Glu + H2O
Thr-Ile-Asp + Glu
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
WDEAVNLAK + H2O
WDEA + VNLAK
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Bovine serum albumin + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
Bovine serum albumin + H2O
?
Nepenthes northiana x Mixta maxima hybrid
-
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
casein + H2O
?
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Hemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
LFNQDVDAAVR + H2O
LFNQDVD + AAVR
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
?
LFNQDVDAAVR + H2O
LFNQDVD + AAVR
Nepenthes sp.
-
-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes dormaniana
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes mixta
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes neufvilleana
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes sp.
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
PFU-093 + H2O
FITC(Ahx)-L-Val + L-Val + L-Lys-Dbc
-
FITC(Ahx)-L-Val-L-Val-L-Lys-Dbc
-
-
?
PFU-093 + H2O
FITC(Ahx)-L-Val + L-Val + L-Lys-Dbc
FITC(Ahx)-L-Val-L-Val-L-Lys-Dbc
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cleavage site specificity with preference for the carboxy and amino sides of Asp, cleavage of the carboxy side of Ala, Leu, Ser, Thr, and Tyr also occurs, and cleavage on the amino side of Ala, Phe, Thr, Tyr, and Lys
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isoform nepenthesin I has broad cleavage specificity with the exception of cleavage of C-terminal to proline and tryptophan
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isoform nepenthesin I has broad cleavage specificity with the exception of cleavage of C-terminal to proline and tryptophan
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isoform nepenthesin II shares the broad cleavage specificity of isoform nepenthesin I, but in addition, it cleaves C-terminal to tryptophan
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
isoform nepenthesin II shares the broad cleavage specificity of isoform nepenthesin I, but in addition, it cleaves C-terminal to tryptophan
-
-
?
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Hemoglobin + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes dormaniana
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes mixta
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes neufvilleana
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
Nepenthes sp.
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
Peptides + H2O
?
-
preferential cleavage: -Asp, Asp-, Lys-, Ala-
-
-
?
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4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride
about 70% residual activity at 0.1 mM
cupric ions
-
strong inhibition of nepenthesin I and II by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine in presence of cupric ions, no inactivation in absence of cupric ions
diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine
-
strong inhibition of nepenthesin I and II in presence of cupric ions, no inactivation in absence of cupric ions
Diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester
-
i.e. DAN
dithiothreitol
-
isoforms nethepsin I, IIa and IIb are completely inactivated in the presence of 40-70 mM dithiothreitol
DL-Norleucine methyl ester
DMSO
about 65% residual activity at 0.1 mM
E-64
about 97% residual activity at 0.02 mM
guanidine hydrochloride
isoform NepII shows about 85% residual activity at 4 M, about 50% residual activity at 5 M, and is completely inhibited at 6 M guanidine hydrochloride; isoform NepI shows about 50% residual activity at 1 M and is completely inhibited at 4 M guanidine hydrochloride
N-(diazoacetyl)-N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine
-
-
Phenanthroline
about 65% residual activity at 0.1 mM
Urea
isoform NepI shows about 85% residual activity at 4 M and is completely inhibited at 6 M urea
CoSO4
Nepenthes dormaniana
-
-
CoSO4
Nepenthes mixta
-
-
CoSO4
Nepenthes neufvilleana
-
-
CuCl2
Nepenthes dormaniana
-
-
CuCl2
Nepenthes mixta
-
-
CuCl2
Nepenthes neufvilleana
-
-
DL-Norleucine methyl ester
-
-
DL-Norleucine methyl ester
-
-
DL-Norleucine methyl ester
-
-
HgCl2
Nepenthes dormaniana
-
-
HgCl2
Nepenthes mixta
-
-
HgCl2
Nepenthes neufvilleana
-
-
pepstatin
-
-
pepstatin
Nepenthes northiana x Mixta maxima hybrid
-
-
pepstatin A
-
almost complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
pepstatin A
-
0.1 mM, complete inhibition of nepenthesin I and II
pepstatin A
almost complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
additional information
isoform NepII is not inhibited by urea
-
additional information
isoform NepII is not inhibited by urea
-
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2.9
-
at pH 2.9 at 37°C, activity decreased very slowly on longer incubation, about 60% and 30% of the original activity are retained after 30 days and 65 days, respectively
717394
3 - 10
-
when nepenthesin I is incubated at pH 3.0 at 60°C for 30 days, about 30% of the original activity remains. When incubated at pH 3.0-10.0 at 37°C for 30 days, the enzyme retains 80% or more of activity
717394
3 - 9
-
40°C, highest stability at pH 3.0-9.0
36773
5
-
60°C, highest stability at pH 5
36773
1.5 - 4
the recombinant isoform NepI retains about 45%, 80%, 99%, 85% and 55% activity after 7 days at pH 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively
752478
1.5 - 4
the recombinant isoform NepII retains about 65%, 90%, 100%, 65% and 30% activity after 7 days at pH 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively
752478
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Amagase, S.; Nakayama, S.; Tsugita, A.
Acid protease in Nepenthes. II. Study on the specificity of nepenthesin
J. Biochem.
66
431-439
1969
Nepenthes sp.
brenda
Steckelberg, R.; Luettge, U.; Weigl, J.
Reinigung der Proteinase aus Nepenthes-Kannensaft
Planta
76
238-241
1967
Nepenthes dormaniana, Nepenthes mixta, Nepenthes neufvilleana, Nepenthes sp.
brenda
Amagase, S.
Digestive enzymes in insectivorous plants. III. Acid proteases in the genus Nepenthes and Drosera peltata
J. Biochem.
72
73-81
1972
Drosera peltata, Nepenthes sp.
brenda
Amagase, S.; Mori, M.; Nakayama, S.
Digestive enzymes in insectivorous plants. IV. Enzymatic digestion of insects by Nepenthes secretion and Drosera peltata extract: proteolytic and chitinolytic activities
J. Biochem.
72
765-767
1972
Drosera peltata, Nepenthes sp.
brenda
Jentsch, J.
Enzymes from arnivorous plants (Nepenthes). Isolation of the protease nepenthacin
FEBS Lett.
21
273-276
1972
Nepenthes sp.
brenda
Kamesaki, T.; Kajii, E.; Ikemoto, S.
Purification of the decomposing enzyme from Nepenthes alata against glycophorin B of human red blood cells by high-performance liquid chromatography
J. Chromatogr.
489
384-389
1989
Nepenthes alata
brenda
Takahshi, K.; Chang, W.J.; Ko, J.S.
Specific inhibition of acid proteases from brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, and insectivorous plants by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester and by pepstatin
J. Biochem.
76
897-899
1974
Drosera capensis, Nepenthes ampullaria, Sus scrofa
brenda
Brodelius, P.E.; Cordeiro, M.; Mercke, P.; Domingos, A.; Clemente, A.; Pais, M.S.
Acid proteinase from Nepenthes distillatoria (Badura)
Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.
436
453-458
1998
Cynara cardunculus
brenda
Athauda, S.B.; Matsumoto, K.; Rajapakshe, S.; Kuribayashi, M.; Kojima, M.; Kubomura-Yoshida, N.; Iwamatsu, A.; Shibata, C.; Inoue, H.; Takahashi, K.
Enzymic and structural characterization of nepenthesin, a unique member of a novel subfamily of aspartic proteinases
Biochem. J.
381
295-306
2004
Nepenthes distillatoria
brenda
Woessner, J.F.
Nepenthesin
Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes (Barrett, A. J. , Rawlings, N. D. , Woessner, J. F. , eds. )Academic Press
1
85-86
2004
Nepenthes distillatoria
-
brenda
Hatano, N.; Hamada, T.
Proteome Analysis of Pitcher Fluid of the Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes alata
J. Proteome Res.
7
809-816
2008
Nepenthes alata
brenda
Kubota, K.; Metoki, Y.; Athauda, S.B.; Shibata, C.; Takahashi, K.
Stability profiles of nepenthesin in urea and guanidine hydrochloride: comparison with porcine pepsin A
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
74
2323-2326
2010
Nepenthes alata, Nepenthes distillatoria
brenda
Fejfarova, K.; Kadek, A.; Mrazek, H.; Hausner, J.; Tretyachenko, V.; Koval, T.; Man, P.; Hasek, J.; Dohnalek, J.
Crystallization of nepenthesin I using a low-pH crystallization screen
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
72
24-28
2016
Nepenthes gracilis
brenda
Yang, M.; Hoeppner, M.; Rey, M.; Kadek, A.; Man, P.; Schriemer, D.C.
Recombinant nepenthesin II for hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry
Anal. Chem.
87
6681-6687
2015
Nepenthes gracilis (Q766C2), Nepenthes gracilis (Q766C3)
brenda
Yilamujiang, A.; Reichelt, M.; Mithoefer, A.
Slow food insect prey and chitin induce phytohormone accumulation and gene expression in carnivorous Nepenthes plants
Ann. Bot.
118
369-375
2016
Nepenthes alata
brenda
Lam, W.; Chong, K.; Anand, G.; Tan, H.
In situ proteolytic activity in Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant traps is affected by both pitcher-extrinsic and pitcher-intrinsic factors
Int. J. Plant Sci.
180
179-185
2019
Nepenthes gracilis
-
brenda
Saganova, M.; Bokor, B.; Stolarik, T.; Pavlovic, A.
Regulation of enzyme activities in carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes
Planta
248
451-464
2018
Nepenthes northiana x Mixta maxima hybrid
brenda
Buch, F.; Kaman, W.E.; Bikker, F.J.; Yilamujiang, A.; Mithoefer, A.
Nepenthesin protease activity indicates digestive fluid dynamics in carnivorous nepenthes plants
PLoS ONE
10
e0118853
2015
Nepenthes alata, Nepenthes mirabilis (K4ML82), Nepenthes mirabilis
brenda