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Information on EC 2.7.7.7 - DNA-directed DNA polymerase and Organism(s) Bos taurus
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2.7.7.7 DNA-directed DNA polymeraseIUBMB Comments
Catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo. Requires a primer, which may be DNA or RNA. See also EC 2.7.7.49 RNA-directed DNA polymerase.
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Word Map
- 2.7.7.7
- strand
-
single-stranded
-
fidelity
-
holoenzyme
- mismatch
- bacteriophage
- pcna
- fork
- polymerization
- aphidicolin
- duplex
-
proofreading
-
calf
- endonuclease
- thymus
-
clamp
-
misincorporation
- helicase
-
abasic
-
template-primer
- 5'-triphosphate
- dntps
-
stall
- thymine
-
error-free
- mispairs
-
anneal
-
sliding
-
uv-induced
-
incoming
-
exonucleolytic
- replisome
-
transversions
- deoxyribonucleoside
- xeroderma
- pigmentosum
- ssdna
-
deoxynucleotide
-
hypermutation
-
undamaged
-
okazaki
- dtmp
-
slippage
-
cyclobutane
- transcriptases
- dnab
-
watson-crick
-
high-fidelity
-
myeloblastosis
- aquaticus
- synthesis
- analysis
- drug development
- diagnostics
- biotechnology
- medicine
- molecular biology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Bos taurus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
dna polymerase alpha, dna polymerase beta, dna polymerase iii, pol beta, klenow fragment, dna polymerase delta, taq dna polymerase, pol delta, pol alpha, dna polymerase gamma, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
deoxynucleate polymerase
-
-
-
-
deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase
-
-
-
-
deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase
-
-
-
-
deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase
-
-
-
-
deoxyribonucleic duplicase
-
-
-
-
deoxyribonucleic polymerase
-
-
-
-
deoxyribonucleic polymerase I
-
-
-
-
DNA duplicase
-
-
-
-
DNA nucleotidyltransferase
-
-
-
-
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed)
-
-
-
-
DNA polmerase beta
-
-
-
-
DNA polymerase
-
-
-
-
DNA polymerase alpha
DNA polymerase gamma
-
-
-
-
DNA polymerase I
-
-
-
-
DNA polymerase II
-
-
-
-
DNA polymerase III
-
-
-
-
DNA replicase
-
-
-
-
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
-
-
-
-
duplicase
-
-
-
-
Klenow fragment
-
-
-
-
nucleotidyltransferase, deoxyribonucleate
-
-
-
-
pol alpha
Pol gamma
-
-
-
-
sequenase
-
-
-
-
Taq DNA polymerase
-
-
-
-
Taq Pol I
-
-
-
-
Tca DNA polymerase
-
-
-
-
DNA polymerase alpha
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + DNAn = diphosphate + DNAn+1
mechanism
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
nucleotidyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed)
Catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo. Requires a primer, which may be DNA or RNA. See also EC 2.7.7.49 RNA-directed DNA polymerase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9012-90-2
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
DNA substrate: gapped duplex or single-stranded 5'-ends smaller than 100 nucleotides, pol I, pol II and pol III
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
beta-polymerase can copy a synthetic ribohomopolymer such as (A)n*(dT)12 as well as the corresponding deoxyribohomopolymer (dA)n*(dT)12 or activated DNA, alpha-polymerase utilizes the deoxyribohomopolymer (dA)n*dT12-18 eight times better than (A)n*dT12
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
incorporates alpha-D-dNTPs and beta-D-dNTPs, L-dNTPs are no substrate
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
polymerase alpha: role in DNA replication
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
overview: physiological roles in replication and in DNA repair synthesis
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
DNA polymerase gamma: required for mitochondrial DNA replication but encoded in the nucleus
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
-
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
polymerase alpha: role in DNA replication
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
overview: physiological roles in replication and in DNA repair synthesis
-
-
?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn
diphosphate + DNAn+1
-
DNA polymerase gamma: required for mitochondrial DNA replication but encoded in the nucleus
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
lysophosphatidic acid
-
isolated from myxamoebae of Physarum polycephalum, 90% inhibition of polymerase alpha, weak inhibitor of polymerase beta
2-(p-n-Butylanilino)-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate
-
inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha at 100fold lower concentration than DNA polymerase delta
2-(p-n-Butylanilino)-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate
-
polymerase delta and epsilon
N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
-
inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha at 100fold; lower concentration than DNA polymerase delta
N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
-
100-fold, polymerase delta and epsilon
additional information
-
no inhibition by dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate; no inhibition of DNA polymerase beta and gamma by aphidicolin; no inhibition of DNA polymerase beta by N-ethylmaleimide; no inhibition of DNA polymerase beta, gamma, delta, epsilon by 2-(p-n-butylanilino)-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate; no inhibition of polymerase alpha and delta by dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate
-
additional information
-
inhibitor analysis of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha, delta and epsilon
-
additional information
-
DNA polymerase alpha is not inhibited by vitamin K1, vitamin K2, and vitamin K3
-
additional information
-
DNA polymerase alpha is not inhibited by allicin, alliin, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, and diallyl pentasulfide
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
dimethyl sulfoxide
-
stimulates DNA polymerase alpha and delta, inhibits human DNA polymerase epsilon
proliferating cell nuclear antigen
-
PCNA, specific auxiliary factor stimulating DNA polymerase delta
-
Replication factor A
-
RF-A, multisubunit single-stranded DNA-binding protein, functions as an auxiliary protein for both polymerases alpha and delta, required for initiation and elongation stages of in vitro SV40 DNA replication
-
Replication factor C
-
RF-C, multisubunit protein complex with primer/template binding and DNA-dependent ATPase activity, has a profound effect on leading-strand DNA synthesis
-
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0053
pyranicin
Bos taurus
-
in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 1 mM dithiothreitol, 50% (v/v) glycerol, 0.1 mM EDTA, at 37°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
643594, 643602, 643608, 643609, 643622, 643649, 643650, 643655, 643668, 691213, 691631, 692423, 692685
-
-
5 cellular DNA template-dependent DNA polymerases are encoded by distinct genes: polymerase alpha, i.e. pol I, polymerase beta, only in vertebrates, polymerase gamma, required for mitochondrial DNA replication but encoded in the nucleus, polymerase delta, enzymes in mammalian cell contain tightly associated 3'-5'-exonuclease activities, 2 forms: proliferating cell nuclear antigen-dependent and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen-independent, also called DNA polymerase delta II, now named DNA polymerase epsilon, polymerase epsilon, tightly associated 3'-5'-exonuclease activity, formerly named DNA polymerase delta II
-
-
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). DPOLB_BOVIN
335
0
38267
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
DPOD1_BOVIN
1106
0
123709
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
E1BDI3_BOVIN
1217
0
136124
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
A0A3Q1M493_BOVIN
2581
0
288444
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A3Q1LL83_BOVIN
514
0
57051
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q1MF52_BOVIN
1151
0
128650
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
E1BMC0_BOVIN
2712
0
303315
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
E1BJF4_BOVIN
1468
0
166452
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q1MYR3_BOVIN
2539
0
284298
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A3Q1NCJ0_BOVIN
1199
0
134144
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
F1MPJ5_BOVIN
488
0
54555
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q1LPN2_BOVIN
881
0
99103
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q1LKQ1_BOVIN
2405
0
268274
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
A0A3Q1M4A8_BOVIN
544
0
59855
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
E1BHH1_BOVIN
575
0
63147
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q1MAA8_BOVIN
899
0
101283
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q1LXC0_BOVIN
380
0
42930
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
A6QNV6_BOVIN
877
0
98609
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
Q58DV2_BOVIN
341
0
37741
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q1MNU4_BOVIN
1437
0
163080
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
E1BPY8_BOVIN
3133
0
353091
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
E1BNZ6_BOVIN
1106
0
123710
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A3Q1LMS8_BOVIN
1424
0
160950
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q1LZ61_BOVIN
1429
0
161986
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
E1BIF0_BOVIN
2289
0
262175
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A3Q1LY44_BOVIN
3055
0
344443
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
150000
170000
48000
-
1 * 125000 catalytic subunit + 1 * 48000 subunit of unknown function, DNA polymerase delta
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
additional information
dimer
-
1 * 125000 catalytic subunit + 1 * 48000 subunit of unknown function, DNA polymerase delta
additional information
-
multipolypeptide complex in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, three structural levels can be distinguished: 1. core polymerase (responsible for basic polymerization step), 2. DNA polymerase holoenzyme (composed of the core polymerase, which is responsible for the basic polymerization step and associated accessory proteins, a complex which is fully active on naturally occuring DNA templates), 3. holoenzyme embedded in a higher order structure, such as an asymmetric dimer or other complex which acts in concert with other known replication enzymes
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Wang, T.S.F.
Eukaryotic DNA polymerases
Annu. Rev. Biochem.
60
513-552
1991
Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gallus gallus, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mammalia, Rattus norvegicus, Xenopus laevis
Weissbach, A.
Cellular and viral-induced eukaryotic polymerases
The Enzymes,3rd Ed. (Boyer,P. D. ,ed. )
14
67-86
1981
Bos taurus, Gallus gallus, Herpes simplex virus, Homo sapiens, Mammalia, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Vaccinia virus
-
Bollum, F.J.; Chang, L.M.S.; Tsiapalis, C.M.; Dorson, J.W.
Nucleotide polymerizing enzymes from calf thymus gland
Methods Enzymol.
29
70-81
1974
Bos taurus
Lehman, I.R.; Karguni, L.S.
DNA polymerase alpha
J. Biol. Chem.
264
4265-4268
1989
Chlorocebus aethiops, Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mammalia, Mus musculus
Bambara, R.A.; Jessee, C.B.
Properties of DNA polymerases delta and epsilon, and their roles in eukaryotic DNA replication
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1088
11-24
1991
Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Homo sapiens, Mammalia, Mus musculus
Hbscher, U.
DNA polymerase holoenzymes
Trends Biochem. Sci.
9
390-393
1984
Bos taurus, Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli
-
Kuchta, R.D.; Ilsley, D.; Kravig, K.D.; Schubert, S.; Harris, B.
Inhibition of DNA primase and polymerase alpha by arabinofuranosylnucleoside triphosphates and related compounds
Biochemistry
31
4720-4728
1992
Bos taurus
Wright, G.E.; Hbscher, U.; Khan, N.N.; Focher, F.; Verri, A.
Inhibitor analysis of calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha, delta and epsilon
FEBS Lett.
341
128-130
1994
Bos taurus
Simbulan, C.M.G.; Taki, T.; Tamiya-Koizumi, K.; Suzuki, M.; Savoysky, E.; Shoji, M.; Yoshida, S.
Sulfate- and sialic acid-containing glycolipids inhibit DNA polymerase alpha activity
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1205
68-74
1994
Bos taurus
Murakami-Murofushi, K.; Shioda, M.; Kaji, K.; Yoshida, S.; Murofushi, H.
Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha with a novel lysophosphatidic acid (PHYLPA) isolated from myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum
J. Biol. Chem.
267
21512-21517
1992
Bos taurus, Escherichia coli, Mammalia
Wintersberger E.
DNA-dependent DNA pllymerases from eukaryotes
Trends Biochem. Sci.
1977
58-60
1977
Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
-
Scovassi, A.I.; Plevani, P.; Bertazzoni, U.
Eukaryotic DNA polymerases
Trends Biochem. Sci.
1980
335-337
1980
Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium discoideum, Euglena gracilis, Homo sapiens, Mammalia, Neurospora crassa, Physarum polycephalum, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Trypanosoma brucei, Ustilago maydis
-
Catalano, C.E.; Kuchta, R.
Inactivation of DNA polymerase alpha-primase by acrolein: loss of activity depends on the DNA substrate
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
214
971-977
1995
Bos taurus
Semizarov, D.G.; Arzumanov, A.A.; Dyatkina, N.B.; Meyer, A.; Vichier-Guerre, S.; Gosselin, G.; Rayner, B.; Imbach, J.L.; Krayevsky, A.A.
Stereoisomers of deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates as substrates for template-dependent and -independent DNA polymerases
J. Biol. Chem.
272
9556-9560
1997
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens
Ishimaru, C.; Kuriyama, I.; Shimazaki, N.; Koiwai, O.; Sakaguchi, K.; Kato, I.; Yoshida, H.; Mizushina, Y.
Cholesterol hemisuccinate: a selective inhibitor of family X DNA polymerases
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
354
619-625
2007
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Naganuma, M.; Nishida, M.; Kuramochi, K.; Sugawara, F.; Yoshida, H.; Mizushina, Y.
1-deoxyrubralactone, a novel specific inhibitor of families X and Y of eukaryotic DNA polymerases from a fungal strain derived from sea algae
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
16
2939-2944
2008
Tequatrovirus T4, Bos taurus, Brassica oleracea, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Thermus aquaticus
Sasaki, R.; Suzuki, Y.; Yonezawa, Y.; Ota, Y.; Okamoto, Y.; Demizu, Y.; Huang, P.; Yoshida, H.; Sugimura, K.; Mizushina, Y.
DNA polymerase gamma inhibition by vitamin K3 induces mitochondria-mediated cytotoxicity in human cancer cells
Cancer Sci.
99
1040-1048
2008
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Nishida, M.; Hada, T.; Kuramochi, K.; Yoshida, H.; Yonezawa, Y.; Kuriyama, I.; Sugawara, F.; Yoshida, H.; Mizushina, Y.
Diallyl sulfides: Selective inhibitors of family X DNA polymerases from garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Food Chem.
108
551-560
2008
Tequatrovirus T4, Bos taurus, Brassica oleracea, Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Thermus aquaticus, Oncorhynchus masou
Takahashi, S.; Yonezawa, Y.; Kubota, A.; Ogawa, N.; Maeda, K.; Koshino, H.; Nakata, T.; Yoshida, H.; Mizushina, Y.
Pyranicin, a non-classical annonaceous acetogenin, is a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase, topoisomerase and human cancer cell growth
Int. J. Oncol.
32
451-458
2008
Tequatrovirus T4, Bos taurus, Brassica oleracea, Drosophila melanogaster, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Thermus aquaticus, Oncorhynchus masou
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