Any feedback?
Information on EC 2.7.11.24 - mitogen-activated protein kinase and Organism(s) Gallus gallus
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.7.11.24Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinaseIUBMB Comments
Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine and threonine residues in the activation loop of this enzyme by EC 2.7.12.2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) is necessary for enzyme activation. Once activated, the enzyme phosphorylates target substrates on serine or threonine residues followed by a proline . A distinguishing feature of all MAPKs is the conserved sequence Thr-Xaa-Tyr (TXY). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation. Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), inflammatory cytokines of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family and environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and ischaemic injury.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 2.7.11.24
- endothelial
- necrosis
- tnf
- agonist
- lipopolysaccharide
- 3-kinase
- pkc
- lps
- nf-kappab
- sirnas
- phosphatidylinositol
- caspase-3
- cardiac
- metastasis
-
lps-induced
- artery
- camp
- bcl-2
- monocyte
- chemokine
- collagen
- angiogenesis
- cox-2
- fibrosis
-
toll-like
- cyclins
-
neuroprotective
- melanoma
- stat3
- tnf-alpha
- prostaglandin
- c-fos
- phosphoinositide
- mtor
- cardiomyocytes
- factor-alpha
- osteoblast
-
dominant-negative
- creb
-
anti-apoptotic
- integrins
- cyclooxygenase-2
- angiotensin
- wortmannin
-
protein-coupled
- microglia
- mmp-9
- il-1beta
-
platelet-derived
- fak
- medicine
- drug development
- analysis
- pharmacology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Gallus gallus
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine)
=
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
Synonyms
mapk, p38, erk1/2, p38 mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase, map kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38mapk, p38 map kinase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
cp38a
-
-
-
-
cp38b
-
-
-
-
CSAID binding protein
-
-
-
-
CSBP
-
-
-
-
Cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug binding protein
-
-
-
-
ERK5
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase MXI2
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38 beta
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38 delta
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38 gamma
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38a
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38alpha
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38b
-
-
-
-
MAPK
-
-
-
-
mitogen-activated protein kinase
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 beta
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 delta
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 gamma
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38a
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b
-
-
-
-
p38b
-
-
-
-
SAPK2A
-
-
-
-
stress-activated protein kinase 2a
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated)
Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine and threonine residues in the activation loop of this enzyme by EC 2.7.12.2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) is necessary for enzyme activation. Once activated, the enzyme phosphorylates target substrates on serine or threonine residues followed by a proline [6]. A distinguishing feature of all MAPKs is the conserved sequence Thr-Xaa-Tyr (TXY). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation. Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), inflammatory cytokines of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family and environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and ischaemic injury.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
142243-02-5
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
ceramide activation of mitochondrial p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a potential mechanism for loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
p38 MAPK, ERK1, and ERK2 are involved in regulation of connective tissue growth factor, CTGF, in chondrocyte maturation and function, particularly in the hypertrophic zone, as part of the retinoid and BMP signaling pathways, overview, p38 MAPK stimulates CTGF expression, while ERK1 and ERK2 supress it
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
-
ceramide activation of mitochondrial p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a potential mechanism for loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and apoptosis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
p38 MAPK, ERK1, and ERK2 are involved in regulation of connective tissue growth factor, CTGF, in chondrocyte maturation and function, particularly in the hypertrophic zone, as part of the retinoid and BMP signaling pathways, overview, p38 MAPK stimulates CTGF expression, while ERK1 and ERK2 supress it
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SB202190
-
selective to p38 MAPKalpha and -beta isoforms, enhances strain-induced ERK1/2 activation but also restricts strain-induced ERK1/2 activation at longer times
SB203580
-
selective to p38 MAPKalpha and -beta isoforms, addition to AS cells reveals marked reduction in coat size, both basal and strain-induced hyaluronan release is significantly reduced, enhances strain-induced ERK1/2 activation but also restricts strain-induced ERK1/2 activation at longer times
additional information
-
inhibition of the MEK-ERK pathway by either U0126 or PD98059 has no discernable effect on p38 MAPK phosphorylation, U0126 treatment also fails to modify pervanadate-induced p38 MAPK activity
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
N-acetylsphingosine
-
i.e. C2-ceramide, an intracellular mediator of apoptosis, cell-permeable N-acetylsphingosine activates mitochondrial p38 MAPK
additional information
-
mechanical strain activates ERK but not p38 MAPK. ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK, exhibits dose-dependent FGF2-, epidermal growth factor- or sodium pervanadate-induced activation
-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
chondrocytes in epiphyses and bordering vascular canals express lower levels of total (inactive plus active) and active p38 MAPK
additional information
-
AS cell, inactive plus active p38 MAPK is predominantly expressed in cells of the fibrocartilaginous articular surface of joint elements
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). MK09_CHICK
382
0
44009
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
MK06_CHICK
721
0
82747
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A1D5PXC6_CHICK
464
0
52492
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
F1N862_CHICK
445
0
50481
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
Q8UWG6_CHICK
368
0
41942
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A3Q2TY19_CHICK
427
0
48358
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
Q5ZIK8_CHICK
361
0
41781
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A1D5NYJ0_CHICK
358
0
41422
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
A0A1D5PRV8_CHICK
360
0
41662
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q2UDK1_CHICK
413
0
46917
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
A0A1D5PYH8_CHICK
209
0
23903
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q3AWI5_CHICK
702
0
80854
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q2UEM2_CHICK
362
0
41666
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4)
A0A3Q3ALB3_CHICK
348
0
40417
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q2U670_CHICK
360
0
41633
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A1D5PIQ5_CHICK
360
0
41458
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q2UNX7_CHICK
1784
6
187064
TrEMBL
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q2UG98_CHICK
486
0
54769
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A1D5PQT4_CHICK
528
0
59510
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
E1C1H4_CHICK
384
0
44006
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q2UD40_CHICK
449
0
51080
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
F1NLU9_CHICK
361
0
41639
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
Q5ZLJ0_CHICK
165
0
19116
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A3Q2UBQ9_CHICK
495
0
55448
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3Q2UDZ8_CHICK
424
0
48320
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3S5ZPA9_CHICK
421
0
48588
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
A0A3Q2U4M7_CHICK
527
0
58229
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
constitutively active p38 MAPK serves an essential, permissive role in mechanically induced changes in ERK activation and in the accumulation of hyaluronan-rich extracellular matrices that serve a key role in joint development, constitutively active p38 influences the duration and extent of ERK1/2 activation and hyperphosphorylation of one of its downstream targets c-Fos
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Shimo, T.; Koyama, E.; Sugito, H.; Wu, C.; Shimo, S.; Pacifici, M.
Retinoid signaling regulates CTGF expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes with differential involvement of MAP kinases
J. Bone Miner. Res.
20
867-877
2005
Gallus gallus
Kong, J.Y.; Klassen, S.S.; Rabkin, S.W.
Ceramide activates a mitochondrial p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: a potential mechanism for loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and apoptosis
Mol. Cell. Biochem.
278
39-51
2005
Gallus gallus
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.7.11.24)
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
