The enzyme is involved in the de novo synthesis of adenosylcobalamin. It is specific for ATP and free L-threonine. In the bacterium Salmonella enterica the activity with CTP, GTP, or UTP is 6, 11, and 3% of the activity with ATP.
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:L-threonine O3-phosphotransferase
The enzyme is involved in the de novo synthesis of adenosylcobalamin. It is specific for ATP and free L-threonine. In the bacterium Salmonella enterica the activity with CTP, GTP, or UTP is 6, 11, and 3% of the activity with ATP.
RsBluE has L-Thr kinase activity in vitro, no or poor activity with L-serine, L-tyrosine, D-serine, D-threonine, or L-valine. RsBluE hydrolyzed ATP in the absence of L-Thr, the RsBluE ATPase activity is independent of potential amino acid substrate
RsBluE has L-Thr kinase activity in vitro, no or poor activity with L-serine, L-tyrosine, D-serine, D-threonine, or L-valine. RsBluE hydrolyzed ATP in the absence of L-Thr, the RsBluE ATPase activity is independent of potential amino acid substrate
RsBluE has L-Thr kinase activity in vitro, no or poor activity with L-serine, L-tyrosine, D-serine, D-threonine, or L-valine. RsBluE hydrolyzed ATP in the absence of L-Thr, the RsBluE ATPase activity is independent of potential amino acid substrate
RsBluE has L-Thr kinase activity in vitro, no or poor activity with L-serine, L-tyrosine, D-serine, D-threonine, or L-valine. RsBluE hydrolyzed ATP in the absence of L-Thr, the RsBluE ATPase activity is independent of potential amino acid substrate
the wild-type MmCobD that is normoxically or anoxically purified and then reconstituted, or anoxically purified without reconstitution contains an average of 25 Fe atoms per monomer, with rather poor standard deviations. The C-terminus of MmCobD contains one or more [4Fe-4S] 2+ cluster(s). Although these [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster(s) are not required for activity, perturbations in the C-terminal domain result in the loss of Fe2+ and alterations in the enzyme activities associated with the N-terminus. The C-terminus is not required for the kinase or decarboxylase activities, the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster-containing C-terminus may have a regulatory role, perhaps by gating the active site or facilitating the decarboxylation and or kinase reactions. Fe2+ is not detected in the N-terminus only (MmCobD1-385) protein sample
the protein CouR3, encoded by gene couR3, exhibits an ATPase activity similar to its close orthologue, the threonine kinase PduX, but it does not show a threonine kinase activity
Rhodobacterales lack pduX, instead they have the non-orthologous bluE gene that encodes an enzyme that, unlike PduX, is specific for L-Thr and cannot use L-Ser. Phylogenetic analysis. The RsBluE enzyme is found to be restricted to a subclass of Rhodobacterales with genetic attributes that indicate they have a strong preference for AdoCbl. That is to say, these Rhodobacter species prefer and synthesize only a cobamide (Cba) with DMB as the lower ligand base and AP-P as the nucleotide linker, Coalpha-(alpha-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-Cobeta-adenosylcobamide) (a.k.a. adenosylcobalamin, AdoCbl, coenzyme B12, CoB12). Cells with incomplete AdoCbl production have a pigmentation phenotype
the CobD protein from Methanosarcina mazei differs from other CobD homologues by the presence of a 111-amino acid cysteine-rich extended C-terminus (MmCobD386-497) annotated as a putative metal-binding domain or zinc finger protein, but it actually is a ferroprotein. This C-terminal domain is sometimes encoded as an independent protein and other times fused to other Cba biosynthetic proteins (e.g. CbiZ, CbiA, CbiH, or BtuC)
Rhodobacterales lack pduX, instead they have the non-orthologous bluE gene that encodes an enzyme that, unlike PduX, is specific for L-Thr and cannot use L-Ser. Phylogenetic analysis. The RsBluE enzyme is found to be restricted to a subclass of Rhodobacterales with genetic attributes that indicate they have a strong preference for AdoCbl. That is to say, these Rhodobacter species prefer and synthesize only a cobamide (Cba) with DMB as the lower ligand base and AP-P as the nucleotide linker, Coalpha-(alpha-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-Cobeta-adenosylcobamide) (a.k.a. adenosylcobalamin, AdoCbl, coenzyme B12, CoB12). Cells with incomplete AdoCbl production have a pigmentation phenotype
Rhodobacterales lack pduX, instead they have the non-orthologous bluE gene that encodes an enzyme that, unlike PduX, is specific for L-Thr and cannot use L-Ser. Phylogenetic analysis. The RsBluE enzyme is found to be restricted to a subclass of Rhodobacterales with genetic attributes that indicate they have a strong preference for AdoCbl. That is to say, these Rhodobacter species prefer and synthesize only a cobamide (Cba) with DMB as the lower ligand base and AP-P as the nucleotide linker, Coalpha-(alpha-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-Cobeta-adenosylcobamide) (a.k.a. adenosylcobalamin, AdoCbl, coenzyme B12, CoB12). Cells with incomplete AdoCbl production have a pigmentation phenotype
Rhodobacterales lack pduX, instead they have the non-orthologous bluE gene that encodes an enzyme that, unlike PduX, is specific for L-Thr and cannot use L-Ser. Phylogenetic analysis. The RsBluE enzyme is found to be restricted to a subclass of Rhodobacterales with genetic attributes that indicate they have a strong preference for AdoCbl. That is to say, these Rhodobacter species prefer and synthesize only a cobamide (Cba) with DMB as the lower ligand base and AP-P as the nucleotide linker, Coalpha-(alpha-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-Cobeta-adenosylcobamide) (a.k.a. adenosylcobalamin, AdoCbl, coenzyme B12, CoB12). Cells with incomplete AdoCbl production have a pigmentation phenotype
inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
there is a 2600fold decrease in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) when the C-terminus is removed, or a 1200fold decrease when the enzyme is purified normoxically
inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
MmCobD is a bifunctional enzyme with L-threonine (L-Thr) kinase (PduX, EC 2.7.1.177) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent L-threonine phosphate (L-Thr-P) decarboxylase activities needed to synthesize the (R)-1-amino-propan-2-ol O-phosphate (a.k.a. (R)-1-amino-2-propanol-O-2-phosphate, AP-P) moiety of cobalamine (Cbl)
MmCobD is a bifunctional enzyme with L-threonine (L-Thr) kinase (PduX, EC 2.7.1.177) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent L-threonine phosphate (L-Thr-P) decarboxylase activities needed to synthesize the (R)-1-amino-propan-2-ol O-phosphate (a.k.a. (R)-1-amino-2-propanol-O-2-phosphate, AP-P) moiety of cobalamine (Cbl)
site-directed mutagenesis, the MmCobDC434A variant has an ATPase activity that is comparable to wild-type despite having a growth phenotype similar to the DELTApduX vector control
site-directed mutagenesis, the MmCobDC458A variant has an ATPase activity that is comparable to wild-type despite having a growth phenotype similar to the DELTApduX vector control. The mutant variant has the lowest Fe to protein ratio
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutat variant lacks the ability to bind PLP effectively, resulting in 19 Fe per monomer, which is reduced compared to wild-type
site-directed mutagenesis, the MmCobDC458A variant has an ATPase activity that is comparable to wild-type despite having a growth phenotype similar to the DELTApduX vector control. The mutant variant has the lowest Fe to protein ratio
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutat variant lacks the ability to bind PLP effectively, resulting in 19 Fe per monomer, which is reduced compared to wild-type
recombinant expression of Rhodobacter sphaeroides BluE restores AdoCbl-dependent growth of a Salmonella enterica DELTApduX strain. Cultures of strains producing RsBluE or SePduX display a much shorter lag time (12 and 16 h, respectively) than cultures of the wild-type strain carrying the empty cloning vector, or the strain producing RcBluE (26 h). Inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
recombinant expression of Rhodobacter sphaeroides BluE restores AdoCbl-dependent growth of a Salmonella enterica DELTApduX strain. Cultures of strains producing RsBluE or SePduX display a much shorter lag time (12 and 16 h, respectively) than cultures of the wild-type strain carrying the empty cloning vector, or the strain producing RcBluE (26 h). Inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
recombinant expression of Rhodobacter sphaeroides BluE restores AdoCbl-dependent growth of a Salmonella enterica DELTApduX strain. Cultures of strains producing RsBluE or SePduX display a much shorter lag time (12 and 16 h, respectively) than cultures of the wild-type strain carrying the empty cloning vector, or the strain producing RcBluE (26 h). Inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
recombinant expression of Rhodobacter sphaeroides BluE restores AdoCbl-dependent growth of a Salmonella enterica DELTApduX strain. Cultures of strains producing RsBluE or SePduX display a much shorter lag time (12 and 16 h, respectively) than cultures of the wild-type strain carrying the empty cloning vector, or the strain producing RcBluE (26 h). Inactivation of gene bluE in Rhodobacter sphaeroides causes AdoCbl-dependent growth phenotypes, DELTAbluE strains fail to grow compared to bluE+ controls. A blush phenotype for the DELTAbluE strain is observed and the amount of light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1 B875) reaction center pigments of this strain are reduced relative to those in cultures of the DELTAbluE strain growing in the presence of AdoCbl after measurements are normalized for the cell density of each culture. The blush phenotype is also corrected by the addition of CNCbl to the medium
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene blueE, encded in the bluFEDCB operon, phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of Rhodobacter sphaeroides BluE restores AdoCbl-dependent growth of a Salmonella enterica DELTApduX strain, functional complementation of a Rhodobacter sphaeroides DELTAcobB strain, recombinant overproduction of RsBluE results in the production of substantial quantities of insoluble protein in Escherichia coli