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Information on EC 2.7.1.1 - hexokinase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana
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2.7.1.1 hexokinaseIUBMB Comments
D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase.
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Word Map
- 2.7.1.1
- glucose-6-phosphate
-
phosphofructokinase
- glycogen
- fructose
- citrate
- adp
- erythrocyte
- malate
- phosphorylase
- pancreatic
- hypoxia
- islet
- pentose
- creatine
- mellitus
- 2-deoxyglucose
- aldolase
- hyperglycemia
- phosphoglucomutase
-
warburg
-
hypoxia-inducible
- 6-phosphogluconate
-
glut-1
-
voltage-dependent
-
vdacs
- streptozotocin
-
positron
- soleus
-
18f-fdg
- lateralis
- fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
-
hypoglycemic
- invertase
- 2-deoxy-d-glucose
- fructokinase
-
gluconeogenic
-
insulin-stimulated
-
carboxykinase
- hexoses
-
vastus
-
glycogenolysis
- g6pase
- glycosomes
-
antihyperglycemic
-
phosphoglucose
-
18f-fluorodeoxyglucose
-
fdg-pet
- pharmacology
-
suvmax
- analysis
-
glutaminolysis
-
2,6-bisphosphate
- synthesis
- diagnostics
- industry
- medicine
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
hexokinase, hexokinase ii, hexokinase 2, hexokinase i, hk ii, hxk, liver glucokinase, hexokinase 1, hexokinase-2, hkdc1, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AtHXK1
ATP-D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase
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-
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ATP-dependent hexokinase
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-
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brain form hexokinase
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-
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glucokinase
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-
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glucose ATP phosphotransferase
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-
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hexokinase (phosphorylating)
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-
-
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hexokinase D
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-
-
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hexokinase PI
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-
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hexokinase PII
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-
-
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hexokinase type IV
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-
-
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hexokinase type IV glucokinase
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-
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hexokinase, tumor isozyme
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HK
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-
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HK4
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-
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HXK
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kinase, hexo- (phosphorylating)
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muscle form hexokinase
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
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-
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-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Fructose and mannose metabolism, Galactose metabolism, Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Streptomycin biosynthesis
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-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase
D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9001-51-8
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
pHXK has a putative plastid-targeting signal sequence at its N terminus
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
the enzyme (HXK1) regulates cell proliferation and expansion early during leaf development. HXK1 is involved in sucrose-induced leaf growth stimulation, independent of GPT2 (GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER2) induction or repression of chloroplast differentiation. KINgamma is a HXK1-interacting protein
physiological function
malfunction
an glucose-dependent root hair morphology is readily observed in Arabidopsis lines that overexpress HKL1 protein and in an HXK1-deficient line, gin2-1. Seedlings of these lines produce bulbous root hairs with an enlarged base after transfer from agar plates with normal medium to plates with 6% glucose. Seedling transfer to plates with 2% glucose plus 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid mimics the high-glucose effect in the HKL1 overexpression line but not in HXK1-deficient line gin2-1
malfunction
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D-allose activates AtABI5 expression in transgenic gin2 (mutant glucose-insensitive2-1 (gin2), which has a null mutation in the glucose sensor gene of AtHXK1) over-expressing wild-type AtHXK1 but not in gin2 over-expressing the catalytic mutant AtHXK1S177A, indicating that the D-allose phosphorylation by HXK to D-allose 6-phosphate (A6P) is the first step for the up-regulation of AtABI5 gene expression as well as D-allose-induced growth inhibition
malfunction
-
D-allose inhibits Arabidopsis growth but fails to trigger growth retardation in the AtHXK1 loss-of function mutant (gin2 mutant)
malfunction
glucose-dependent developmental arrest of hkl1-1 mutants can not be rescued in the presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
malfunction
-
the repressive effects of glucose and chloramphenicol on LHCB expression are inhibited in plastid hexokinase (phxk) mutants
physiological function
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pHXK is a node of convergence for sugar-mediated and plastid gene expression (PGE)-derived signals in Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function
increased expression of Arabidopsis hexokinase-1 decreases the expression of photosynthetic genes and the rate of transpiration and inhibits growth. Hexokinase-1 also decreases root and stem hydraulic conductivity and leaf mesophyll CO? conductance. Expression of Nicotiana tabacum aquaporin AQP1 significantly improves growth and increases the transpiration rates of hexokinase-expressing plants. This complementation occurs when both genes are expressed simultaneously in the shoot. Yet, AQP1 has only a marginal effect on the hydraulic conductivity of the double-transgenic plants
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). HXK1_ARATH
496
1
53707
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
HXK2_ARATH
502
1
54490
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
HXK3_ARATH
498
1
54591
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
HXK4_ARATH
502
1
54955
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 4)
HXKL1_ARATH
493
0
53880
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
HXKL2_ARATH
493
1
54241
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 5)
PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
S177A
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D-allose activates AtABI5 expression in transgenic gin2 (mutant glucose-insensitive2-1 (gin2), which has a null mutation in the glucose sensor gene of AtHXK1) over-expressing wild-type AtHXK1 but not in gin2 over-expressing the catalytic mutant AtHXK1S177A, indicating that the D-allose phosphorylation by HXK to D-allose 6-phosphate (A6P) is the first step for the up-regulation of AtABI5 gene expression as well as D-allose-induced growth inhibition
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
overexpression in Lycopersicon esculentum. In normoxic conditions, HXK overexpression results in higher ADP and AMP levels only in roots of AtHXK1 transgenic plants
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Claeyssen, E.; Rivoal, J.
Isozymes of plant hexokinase: occurrence, properties and functions
Phytochemistry
68
709-731
2007
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Solanum lycopersicum, Pisum sativum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum (O64390), Solanum tuberosum (Q9SQ76), Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Solanum chacoense, Capsicum chacoense, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FZG4), Arabidopsis thaliana
Gharbi, I.; Ricard, B.; Rolin, D.; Maucourt, M.; Andrieu, M.H.; Bizid, E.; Smiti, S.; Brouquisse, R.
Effect of hexokinase activity on tomato root metabolism during prolonged hypoxia
Plant Cell Environ.
30
508-517
2007
Solanum lycopersicum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P04807), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42525)
Zhang, Z.W.; Yuan, S.; Xu, F.; Yang, H.; Zhang, N.H.; Cheng, J.; Lin, H.H.
The plastid hexokinase pHXK: a node of convergence for sugar and plastid signals in Arabidopsis
FEBS Lett.
584
3573-3579
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
Karve, A.; Xia, X.; Moore, B.d.
Arabidopsis Hexokinase-Like1 and Hexokinase1 form a critical node in mediating plant glucose and ethylene responses
Plant Physiol.
158
1965-1975
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42525)
Fukumoto, T.; Kano, A.; Ohtani, K.; Inoue, M.; Yoshihara, A.; Izumori, K.; Tajima, S.; Shigematsu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Ohkouchi, T.; Ishida, Y.; Nishizawa, Y.; Tada, Y.; Ichimura, K.; Gomi, K.; Yoo, S.D.; Sheen, J.; Akimitsu, K.
Phosphorylation of D-allose by hexokinase involved in regulation of OsABF1 expression for growth inhibition in Oryza sativa L
Planta
237
1379-1391
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa
Kelly, G.; Sade, N.; Attia, Z.; Secchi, F.; Zwieniecki, M.; Holbrook, N.; Levi, A.; Alchanatis, V.; Moshelion, M.; Granot, D.
Relationship between hexokinase and the aquaporin PIP1 in the regulation of photosynthesis and plant growth
PLoS ONE
9
e87888
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q42525)
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