PLP, dependent on, PLP is bound in the active site of each chain in the wild-type structure. In the AtPAT crystal structure, PLP is covalently linked to the epsilon-nitrogen of Lys306 to form the internal aldimine (i.e. Schiff base). Trp193 and Ile274 position the ring of PLP through pi-pi stacking and van der Waals interactions, respectively. The pyridine ring nitrogen of PLP forms a charge-charge interaction with the side chain of Asp272
suppression of prephenate aminotransferase leads to a severe reduction in growth and strong chlorosis symptoms. Prephenate aminotransferase silenced plants exhibit extremely reduced levels of asparagine and are greatly affected in their phenylalanine metabolism and lignin deposition. Prephenate aminotransferase suppression triggers a transcriptional reprogramming in plastid nitrogen metabolism. The enzyme is essential for plant growth and development
key residues, such as Glu108, are involved in both keto acid and amino acid substrate specificities and probably contribute to the evolution of PAT activity among class Ibeta AAT enzymes, ligand binding study, molecular mechanisms underlying recognition of keto acid and amino acid substrates, overview. Lys306 is the catalytic Lys in AtPAT
modeling and molecular dynamic simulations. Identification of a molecular determinant of PAT activity in the flexible N-terminal loop of 1beta AAT. A Lys/Arg/Gln residue in position 12 (numbering according to Thermus thermophilus 1beta AAT), present only in PAT competent enzymes, can interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of the prephenate substrate, probably playing a central role in the acquisition of PAT activity by 1beta AAT. PAT enzyme structures comparisons, overview
modeling and molecular dynamic simulations. Identification of a molecular determinant of PAT activity in the flexible N-terminal loop of 1beta AAT. A Lys/Arg/Gln residue in position 12 (numbering according to Thermus thermophilus 1beta AAT), present only in PAT competent enzymes, can interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of the prephenate substrate, probably playing a central role in the acquisition of PAT activity by 1beta AAT. PAT enzyme structures comparisons, overview
modeling and molecular dynamic simulations. Identification of a molecular determinant of PAT activity in the flexible N-terminal loop of 1beta AAT. A Lys/Arg/Gln residue in position 12 (numbering according to Thermus thermophilus 1beta AAT), present only in PAT competent enzymes, can interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of the prephenate substrate, probably playing a central role in the acquisition of PAT activity by 1beta AAT. PAT enzyme structures comparisons, overview. Lys12 plays a specific role in prephenate binding by PAT competent 1beta AAT
modeling and molecular dynamic simulations. Identification of a molecular determinant of PAT activity in the flexible N-terminal loop of 1beta AAT. A Lys/Arg/Gln residue in position 12 (numbering according to Thermus thermophilus 1beta AAT), present only in PAT competent enzymes, can interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of the prephenate substrate, probably playing a central role in the acquisition of PAT activity by 1beta AAT. PAT enzyme structures comparisons, overview
modeling and molecular dynamic simulations. Identification of a molecular determinant of PAT activity in the flexible N-terminal loop of 1beta AAT. A Lys/Arg/Gln residue in position 12 (numbering according to Thermus thermophilus 1beta AAT), present only in PAT competent enzymes, can interact with the 4-hydroxyl group of the prephenate substrate, probably playing a central role in the acquisition of PAT activity by 1beta AAT. PAT enzyme structures comparisons, overview
AtPAT crystallizes as a homodimer. Each monomer of AtPAT consists of 15 alpha-helices and 9 beta-strands divided between two structural domains. The N-terminal domain (Lys115-Leu353) contains two sets of three a-helices surrounding six parallel and one anti-parallel beta-strand. Two additional alpha-helices in the PLP-binding pocket, as well as the a-helix connecting the N- and C-terminal domains, complete the N-terminal domain. The smaller C-terminal domain contains part of the N-terminal region (Ser71-Pro114) and residues Gly354 through Leu469, totaling five alpha-helices and two beta-strands. The N-terminal flexible loop (Ser71-Ser82) and features of the N-terminal domain form the dimer interface
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
AtPAT wild-type enzyme and K306A, T84V, and T84V/K169V mutant enzymes in complex with either 2-oxoglutarate or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and glutamate, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.4-3.0 A resolution, molecular replacement
purified recombinant enzyme, crystallization from 0.1 M Na-citrate, pH 4.0, 11% PEG 4000, 20°C, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.7 A resolution
purified recombinant enzyme, Rme-AAT/PAT crystals are obtained from 0.2 M ammonium formate, 19% PEG 3350, and Rme-AAT grow from 0.1 M Na acetate pH 4.5, 5% PEG 4000, protein concentration is 10 mg/ml, at 20°C, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.79-1.9 A resolution
site-directed mutagenesis, structure comparison with wild-type, overview. The alanine substitution of Lys306 prevents Schiff base formation with the cofactor, inactive mutant
site-directed mutagenesis, modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that K/R/Q12 residue (numbering according to Thermus thermophilus 1beta AAT) is a signature of the PAT function of 1bta AAT. It is present in the N-terminal flexible loop only in PAT competent 1beta-AAT and has a possible role in stabilizing prephenate by interacting with its 4-hydroxy group
naturally occuring mutant, the incompetent PATs of Rhizobium meliloti (UniProt ID P58350) has a G instead of K12 and shows reduced PAT activity at prephenate concentrations up to 2.5 mM using a coupled assay method. The mutant shows reduced activity and altered kinetics compared to the wild-type
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
native enzyme 41fold to homogeneity by anion exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing using the major active fraction with an isoelectric point of 5.4, and gel filtration