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Information on EC 2.6.1.19 - 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.6 Transferring nitrogenous groups
             2.6.1 Transaminases
                2.6.1.19 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase
IUBMB Comments
Requires pyridoxal phosphate. Some preparations also act on beta-alanine, 5-aminopentanoate and (R,S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate. cf. EC 2.6.1.120, beta-alanine---2-oxoglutarate transaminase.
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
gaba-t, gaba transaminase, gaba-transaminase, gaba-at, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, gaba aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase, gabat, gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase
4-aminobutyrate transaminase
-
4-aminobutyrate-2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
aminobutyrate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
aminobutyrate transaminase
-
-
-
-
aminotransferase, aminobutyrate
-
-
-
-
beta-alanine aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
beta-alanine transaminase
-
-
-
-
beta-alanine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
beta-alanine-oxoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
GABA aminotransferase
GABA transaminase
GABA transferase
-
-
-
-
GABA-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
GABA-2-oxoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
GABA-alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase
-
-
-
-
GABA-alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
GABA-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
GABA-oxoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyrate: GABA transaminase
-
-
gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid-2-oxoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase
-
-
-
-
gamma-aminobutyric transaminase
-
-
-
-
glutamate-succinic semialdehyde transaminase
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate
show the reaction diagram
gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase and beta-alanine transaminase are identical
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
amino group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase
Requires pyridoxal phosphate. Some preparations also act on beta-alanine, 5-aminopentanoate and (R,S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate. cf. EC 2.6.1.120, beta-alanine---2-oxoglutarate transaminase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9037-67-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
show the reaction diagram
4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
beta-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate
malonic semialdehyde + L-glutamate
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
4-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate
show the reaction diagram
-
key-reaction of gamma-aminobutyrate(GABA)-shunt or bypass
-
-
?
4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate
succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenecyclopentanecarboxylic acid
-
potent irreversible inhibitor
(1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid
-
(1S,4S)-2-(difluoromethylidene)-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)cyclopentanamine
-
time-dependent inactivation, ratio kinact/KI value at pH 8.0 is 2.48 per min and mM
(S)-3-amino-4-(difluoromethylenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
i.e. OV329, synthesis method, overview
(Z)-4-amino-2-butenoic acid
-
-
3-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
-
irreversible and potent inhibitor, about 30% residual activity at 0.06 mM, 2-oxoglutarate prevents the enzyme from inactivation
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)butanamide
-
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)butanamide
-
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-iodophenyl)butanamide
-
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butanamide
-
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)butanamide
-
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-p-tolylbutanamide
-
4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide
-
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-hydroxybenzylamine
-
IC50: 0.0154 mM, competitive inhibition
5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid
-
95% loss of activity
Branched-chain fatty acids
-
-
-
N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamide
-
N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamide
-
N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamide
-
N-(4-chloro-2-iodophenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamide
-
N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamide
-
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanamide
-
S-vigabatrin
-
ratio kinact/KI is1.7 per min and mM at pH 8.5, 0.11per min and mM at pH 6.5, respectively
vigabatrin
-
-
additional information
a series of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives obtained from 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid are synthesized and analyzed as inhibitory ligands docking against human ABAT as well as pig ABAT receptors. Active site docking study, overview
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.11 - 1
2-oxoglutarate
0.4 - 1.7
4-aminobutanoate
4.4
beta-Alanine
-
pH 8.0, 37°C
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3.75
(1S,4S)-2-(difluoromethylidene)-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)cyclopentanamine
-
pH 6.5
1
vigabatrin
-
pH 8.4, 25°C
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00399
3-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.0165
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
0.0154
4-hydroxybenzylamine
Homo sapiens
-
IC50: 0.0154 mM, competitive inhibition
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
17.5
-
pH 8.4, 25°C
additional information
-
stable-isotope dilution assay
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
35 - 70
-
about half-maximal activity at 35°C and 70°C
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
biochemical and histochemical data to distribution, young to elderly men
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
physiological function
mutations in the enzyme cause an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS). ABAT functions in the mitochondrial nucleoside salvage pathway to facilitate conversion of dNDPs to dNTPs. Inhibition of ABAT by Vigabatrin causes depletion of mtDNA in photoreceptor cells that is prevented through addition of dNTPs in cell culture media
additional information
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
GABT_HUMAN
500
0
56439
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
X5D8S1_HUMAN
500
0
56439
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
H3BNQ7_HUMAN
515
0
57924
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
H3BRN4_HUMAN
515
0
58141
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
B7Z1V4_HUMAN
515
0
58229
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
100000
-
SDS-PAGE, absence of 2-mercaptoethanol
50000
57000
-
2 * 57000, SDS-PAGE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
-
x * 50000, SDS-PAGE
dimer
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
C321M
-
no enzymic activity, behaves as monomer even in absence of 2-mercaptoethanol
C321S
-
no enzymic activity, behaves as monomer even in absence of 2-mercaptoethanol
K357A
-
no enzymic activity, even not by addition of exogenous pyridoxal 5’-phosphate
K357B
-
no enzymic activity, even not by addition of exogenous pyridoxal 5’-phosphate
K357N
-
no enzymic activity, even not by addition of exogenous pyridoxal 5’-phosphate
K357Q
-
no enzymic activity, even not by addition of exogenous pyridoxal 5’-phosphate
L211F
homozygous missense mutation idientified in in a family with encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
50 - 60
-
slow decrease of activity, rapid inactivation above 60°C
55
-
slow inactivation
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene ABAT, genetic regulation, quantitative reverse transcription and quantitative reverse PCR enzyme expression analysis in bone marrow samples, and coexpression analsis of of lncRNAs (DELs) and mRNAs (DEMs)
RENATURED/Commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
apoenzyme reconstituted with exogenous pyridoxal 5’-phosphate almost completely regains catalytic activity
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
in a family with encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, the homozygous missense mutation L211F in ABAT results in elevated GABA in subjects' brains as well as decreased mtDNA levels in subjects' fibroblasts
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Cooper, A.J.L.
Glutamate-gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase
Methods Enzymol.
113
80-82
1985
Oryctolagus cuniculus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Matre, M.; Ciesielski, L.; Cash, C.; Mandel, P.
Comparison of the structural characteristics of the 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate transaminases from rat and human brain, and of their affinities for certain inhibitors
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
522
385-399
1978
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cash, C.; Matre, M.; Ciesielski, L.; Mandel, P.
Purification and partial characterisation of 4-aminobutyrate 2-ketoglutarate transaminase from human brain
FEBS Lett.
47
199-203
1974
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cavallotti, D.; Artico, M.; De Santis, S.; Cavallotti, C.
Occurrence of gamma-aminobutyric acid-transaminase activity in nerve fibers of human thymus
Hum. Immunol.
60
1072-1079
1999
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Jeon, S.G.; Bahn, J.H.; Jang, J.S.; Park, J.; Kwon, O.S.; Cho, S.W.; Choi, S.Y.
Human brain GABA transaminase tissue distribution and molecular expression
Eur. J. Biochem.
267
5601-5607
2000
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Schor, D.S.; Struys, E.A.; Hogema, B.M.; Gibson, K.M.; Jakobs, C.
Development of a stable-isotope dilution assay for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase in isolated leukocytes and evidence that GABA and beta-alanine transaminases are identical
Clin. Chem.
47
525-531
2001
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yoon, C.S.; Kim, D.W.; Jang, S.H.; Lee, B.R.; Choi, H.S.; Choi, S.H.; Kim, S.Y.; An, J.J.; Kwon, O.S.; Kang, T.C.; Won, M.H.; Cho, S.W.; Lee, K.S.; Park, J.; Eum, W.S.; Choi, S.Y.
Cysteine-321 of human brain GABA transaminase is involved in intersubunit cross-linking
Mol. Cells
18
214-219
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kim, D.W.; Yoon, C.S.; Eum, W.S.; Lee, B.R.; An, J.J.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, S.R.; Ahn, J.Y.; Kwon, O.S.; Kang, T.C.; Won, M.H.; Cho, S.W.; Lee, K.S.; Park, J.; Choi, S.Y.
Site-directed mutagenesis of human brain GABA transaminase: lysine-357 is involved in cofactor binding at the active site
Mol. Cells
18
314-319
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tao, Y.H.; Yuan, Z.; Tang, X.Q.; Xu, H.B.; Yang, X.L.
Inhibition of GABA shunt enzymes activity by 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
16
592-595
2006
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yuan, H.; Silverman, R.B.
Structural modifications of (1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenecyclopentanecarboxylic acid, a potent irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
17
1651-1654
2007
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tao, Y.H.; Xu, H.B.; Yang, X.L.
Inactivation of GABA transaminase by 3-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
19
731-734
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tsuji, M.; Aida, N.; Obata, T.; Tomiyasu, M.; Furuya, N.; Kurosawa, K.; Errami, A.; Gibson, K.M.; Salomons, G.S.; Jakobs, C.; Osaka, H.
A new case of GABA transaminase deficiency facilitated by proton MR spectroscopy
J. Inherit. Metab. Dis.
33
85-90
2010
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Besse, A.; Wu, P.; Bruni, F.; Donti, T.; Graham, B.H.; Craigen, W.J.; McFarland, R.; Moretti, P.; Lalani, S.; Scott, K.L.; Taylor, R.W.; Bonnen, P.E.
The GABA transaminase, ABAT, is essential for mitochondrial nucleoside metabolism
Cell Metab.
21
417-427
2015
Homo sapiens (P80404)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Iftikhar, H.; Batool, S.; Deep, A.; Narasimhan, B.; Sharma, P.; Malhotra, M.
In silico analysis of the inhibitory activities of GABA derivatives on 4-aminobutyrate transaminase
Arab. J. Chem.
10
S1267-S1275
2017
Sus scrofa (P80147), Homo sapiens (P80404)
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Chen, Y.; Zhao, G.; Li, N.; Luo, Z.; Wang, X.; Gu, J.
Role of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) and the lncRNA co-expression network in the development of myelodysplastic syndrome
Oncol. Rep.
42
509-520
2019
Homo sapiens (P80404)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Moschitto, M.J.; Silverman, R.B.
Synthesis of (S)-3-amino-4-(difluoromethylenyl)-cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (OV329), a potent inactivator of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase
Org. Lett.
20
4589-4592
2018
Homo sapiens (P80404)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team