Information on EC 2.4.2.31 - NAD+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase

-

four mol of ADP-ribose are incorporated into 1 mol of A1 peptide. Modification of the A1 peptide increases its enzymatic activity up to 4fold

638119

-

?

actin + NAD+

?

-

728041

-

?

actin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

agmatine + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

arginine + NAD+

nicotinamide + ADP-ribose-L-arginine

-

-

?

basic fibroblast growth factor FGF-2 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

beta-lactoglobulin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

bovine plasma albumin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

bovine serum albumin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

poor ADP-ribose acceptor

638096

-

?

casein + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

diethylamino-(benzylidineamino)guanidine + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

638117

-

?

DNase I + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

FGF-2 + NAD+

?

guanidine + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

guanidinobutyrate + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

guanidinopropionate + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

histone + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

histone + NAD+

Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-histone-L-arginine + nicotinamide + H+

-

isozyme ART2 is active with high and low molecular weight histones, membrane-bound and PI-PLC released ART2 preferentially ADP-ribosylate high or low MW histones, respectively

-

?

histone f1 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

histone f2a + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

histone f2b + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

histone f3 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

histone H2B + NAD+

Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-histone H2B-L-arginine + nicotinamide

Meleagris sp.

-

-

?

human alpha-defensin-1 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

human alpha-globulin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

Vibrio cholerae serotype O1

-

?

human beta-defensin-1 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

human beta-globulin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

human gamma-globulin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

human neutrophil peptide-1 + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine-human neutrophil peptide-1 + nicotinamide

karyopherin-beta1 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

723565

-

?

L-arginine methyl ester + NAD+

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine

L-arginine methyl ester + NADP+

nicotinamide + N2-(2'-phospho-ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine

-

638094, 638095, 638096, 638097

-

?

lysozyme + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)n-acceptor

nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)n+1-acceptor

-

agmatine as ADPribose acceptor is used

722703

-

?

NAD+ + actin

nicotinamide + H+ + (ADP-ribosyl)-actin

NAD+ + agmatine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-agmatine

NAD+ + alpha-actin-L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-alpha-actin-L-arginine

-

skeletal muscle alpha actin

-

?

NAD+ + beta-actin

nicotinamide + H+ + (ADP-ribosyl)-beta-actin

-

modification occurs at residue Arg177

-

?

NAD+ + beta/gamma-actin-L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-beta/gamma-actin-L-arginine

-

non-muscle beta/gamma actin

-

?

NAD+ + eEF2 L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-eEF2-L-arginine

-

-

?

NAD+ + gamma-actin

nicotinamide + H+ + (ADP-ribosyl)-gamma-actin

-

modification occurs at residue Arg177

-

?

NAD+ + gamma-actin-L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-gamma-actin-L-arginine

-

smooth muscle gamma actin

-

?

NAD+ + glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa/immunoglobulin heavy-chainbinding protein L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa/immunoglobulin heavy-chainbinding protein-L-arginine

P52961

-

735914

-

?

NAD+ + human neutrophil peptide-1

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-human neutrophil peptide-1

NAD+ + MazF L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-MazF-L-arginine

Tequatrovirus T4

-

the enzyme ADP-ribosylates MazF at an arginine residue at position 4

736834

-

?

NAD+ + muscle actin

nicotinamide + H+ + (ADP-ribosyl)-muscle actin

substrate source rabbit skeletal muscle

modification occurs at residue Arg177

-

?

NAD+ + non-muscle actin from human platelets

nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-non-muscle actin from human platelets

-

-

?

NAD+ + polyarginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-polyarginine

-

-

?

NAD+ + protein L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine

8 entries

NAD+ + protein poly-L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-poly-L-arginine

-

-

?

NAD+ + protein R10H6 L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein N10H6-L-arginine

-

-

?

NAD+ + rabbit muscle actin

nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-rabbit muscle actin

-

-

?

NAD+ + [actin]-L-arginine177

nicotinamide + [actin]-N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine177 + H+

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-agmatine-L-arginine

NAD+ + agmatine L-arginine

-

-

r

ovalbumin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

p-nitrobenzylidine aminoguanidine + NAD+

nicotinamide + mono-ADP-ribosylated p-nitrobenzylidine aminoguanidine

P2X7 purinoceptor protein + NAD+

Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-P2X7 purinoceptor protein-L-arginine + nicotinamide

-

isozyme ART2

669719

-

?

P2X7(k) + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

the P2X7(k) variant is sensitive to activation by ADP-ribosylation whereas the P2X7(a) variant is insensitive

723579

-

?

P33 + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

p33 protein + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

Q49L19, Q49L21

-

657869

-

?

polyarginine + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

polylysine + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

poor ADP-ribose acceptor

638096

-

?

Ras + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-

ADP-ribosylation of Ras at Arg41 and Arg 128. The double mutant RasR141K/R128K is ribosylated at an alternative sitem Arg135

638114

-

?

RhoA + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine41-RhoA + nicotinamide

-

the enzyme modifies the low-molecular-mass GTPase RhoA specifically at Asn41

-

?

RhoB + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine41-RhoB + nicotinamide

-

the enzyme modifies the low-molecular-mass GTPase RhoB specifically at Asn41

-

?

RhoC + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine41-RhoC + nicotinamide

-

the enzyme modifies the low-molecular-mass GTPase RhoC specifically at Asn41

Lysinibacillus sphaericus

-

?

soy bean trypsin inhibitor + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

658028

-

?

soybean trypsin inhibitor + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine-soybean trypsin inhibitor + nicotinamide

-

-

?

trypsin inhibitor + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

-

?

wild-type exoenzyme C3 + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine86-wild-type exoenzyme C3 + nicotinamide

-

the recombinant mutant Q217E enzyme modifies the recombinant wild-type enzyme at Arg86

-

?

additional information

?

-

31 entries

actin + NAD+

nicotinamide + ?

-

the ADP ribosylation of actin in the heterophils may be involved in the cellular processes such as phagocytosis, secretion and migration

-

?

FGF-2 + NAD+

?

histone + NAD+

Nomega-[(2'-phospho-ADP)-D-ribosyl]-histone-L-arginine + nicotinamide + H+

-

isozyme ART2 is active with high and low molecular weight histones, membrane-bound and PI-PLC released ART2 preferentially ADP-ribosylate high or low MW histones, respectively

-

?

human neutrophil peptide-1 + NAD+

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine-human neutrophil peptide-1 + nicotinamide

-

human neutrophil peptide-1, HNP-1, from neutrophil cell surface, ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 is primarily an activity of ART1 and occurs in inflammatory conditions and disease, lack of modified HNP-1 due to enzyme deficiency in the sputum leads to cystic fibrosis

674578

-

?

NAD+ + agmatine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-agmatine

-

the enzyme labels L-arginine with ADP-ribose from the NAD(+) substrate at the amino nitrogen of the guanidinium side chain

-

r

NAD+ + glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa/immunoglobulin heavy-chainbinding protein L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa/immunoglobulin heavy-chainbinding protein-L-arginine

P52961

-

735914

-

?

NAD+ + MazF L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-MazF-L-arginine

Tequatrovirus T4

-

the enzyme ADP-ribosylates MazF at an arginine residue at position 4

736834

-

?

NAD+ + polyarginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-polyarginine

-

-

?

NAD+ + protein L-arginine

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-protein-L-arginine

NAD+ + [actin]-L-arginine177

nicotinamide + [actin]-N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginine177 + H+

nicotinamide + Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-agmatine-L-arginine

NAD+ + agmatine L-arginine

-

-

r

additional information

?

-

10 entries

NAD+

NADP+

Fe2+

-

enzyme binds iron through a Fe-S center, which is crucial for the catalytic activity

722703

Iron

required for activity

Mg2+

-

NaCl

-

activates AT2 transferase

1,2-naphthoquinone

-

1,4-Naphthoquinone

-

2-mercaptoethanol

-

marked decrease in activity, NAD+ and dithiothreitol protects

3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole

Meleagris sp.

-

i.e. Trp-P-1, 53% inhibition at 5 mM, IC50: 2.8 mM

4-amino-1-naphthol

-

638121

5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone

-

638121

ADP-ribose

-

partial competitive inhibition

AMP

Tequatrovirus T4

-

7.8 mM, decreases activity to 78% of the uninhibited control

beta-NMN

CD38

-

CD38, a potent ecto-NAD-glycohydrolase, controls ADP-ribosyltransferase-2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of T cell surface proteins, CD38 decreases ART2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in trans by reducing the amount of ART substrate NAD+

669719

-

dithiothreitol

-

20% inhibition by 5 mM, 25% inhibition by 10 mM

638103

glycerol

-

human alpha-defensin-1

-

-

human neutrophil peptide-1

-

K2HPO4

NaCl

NEM

-

inhibition of RT6.1, no affect on Rt6.2 and Glu207 mutant of RR6.1

nicotinamide

novobiocin

theophylline

-

thymidine

-

Triton X-100

-

detergent solubilization of cell membranes specifically abolishes ADP-ribosylation of high MW histones

additional information

-

2-mercaptoethanol

-

required by AT1 transferase, activates AT2 transferase

3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole

Meleagris sp.

-

i.e. Trp-P-2, 71% activation at 3 mM

App(NH)p

-

10 mM, stimulates

ATP

-

half-maximal stimulation with 2.5 mM

Br-

-

activates NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A

CHAPS

Cl-

-

activates NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A, NaCl is maximally effective at 250 mM

dithiothreitol

-

activity of RT6.1 increases fivefold, no effect on activity of RT6.2. Cys201 confers thiol sensitivity

638125

DNA

-

enhances activity

638126

DTT

-

dependent on, the DTT cencentration influences the target specificity of ART2

F-

-

activates NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A

GTP

-

10 mM, stimulates

heparin

histone

-

increases activity in absence of salt

human alpha-defensin-1

-

strongly influences NarE by inhibiting its transferase activity while enhancing its auto-ADP-ribosylation

-

lysolecithin

-

stimulates 4-6fold in the order of declining effectiveness: C14, C12, C10, C8

lysophosphatidylcholine

-

increases activity in the order of declining effectiveness C18, C16, C14, C12, C10, C8, NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A

NAD+

PO43-

-

activates NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A

SCN-

-

activates NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A, NaSCN is maximally effective at 100 mM

Tetrapolyphosphate

-

10 mM, stimulates

tripolyphosphate

-

10 mM, stimulates

Triton X-100

-

enhances activity

Triton X-114

-

enhances activity

Triton X-305

-

enhances activity

-

Tween 20

-

enhances activity

additional information

-

more than 85% of the enzyme activity is lost within 1 min Vortex-mixing at room temperature of dilute enzyme. When the less-active form of the enzyme is treated with 10 mM dithiothreitol plus 0.2 M NaCl under anaerobic conditions, more than 50% of the enzyme activity is restored

638118

-

0.26 - 15

1-(4-aminobutyl)guanidine

1 - 9.4

agmatine

0.0025

alpha-actin-L-arginine

-

1.3 - 3

Arginine methyl ester

0.015

beta/gamma-actin-L-arginine

-

-

0.01

gamma-actin-L-arginine

-

0.0007 - 8.67

NAD+

36 entries

0.272

Nomega-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-agmatine-L-arginine

-

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

0.000067 - 10.6

NAD+

11 entries

0.0049

1,4-Naphthoquinone

-

638121

0.37 - 4

nicotinamide

2.8

3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole

Meleagris sp.

-

i.e. Trp-P-1, 53% inhibition at 5 mM, IC50: 2.8 mM

40 - 50

K2HPO4

50 - 100

NaCl

0.2 - 0.4

novobiocin

1.32

-

638126

14

-

353

53

7.6

-

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase C

638102

additional information

7

Meleagris sp.

-

assay at

7 - 7.5

-

638109

7 - 8.5

Coturnix sp.

-

638109

7.4

-

assay at

7.5

7.6

-

assay at

8

-

8.5

9

6 - 9

Tequatrovirus T4

-

pH 6: about 50% of maximal activity, pH 9: about 80% of maximal activity

7.5

assay at

20

Tequatrovirus T4

-

30

30 - 37

-

assay at

37

20 - 37

Tequatrovirus T4

-

20°C: optimum, 37°C: about 35% of maximal activity

7.8

isoelectric focusing

-

-

Bacillus thuringiensis

-

UniProt

-

-

-

-

Clostridioides difficile CD196

-

727615

Q7WUH3

UniProt

Clostridium botulinum

-

727400, 738873

-

Lysinibacillus sphaericus

Coturnix sp.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

658028

-

-

638094, 638095, 638096, 638097, 638099, 638100, 638101, 638102, 638108

-

Meleagris sp.

-

-

10 entries

Photorhabdus luminescens

-

738011

-

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-

-

-

-

Tequatrovirus T4

Vibrio cholerae serotype O1

-

-

-

Xanthomonas citri pv. citri

-

-

759368

A0A0U5GCU5

UniProt

Xanthomonas citri pv. citri XW19

-

UniProt

-

aortic arch endothelium

-

ART1, ART3 and ART5 present in myotubes. Absent from mesenchymal progenitor cells and, with the exception of ART3, in myoblasts

-

-

colorectal cancer cell

-

-

epithelial cells lining human airways and cells, isozyme ART1, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

-

-

low level

638113

granulocyte

-

peripheral polymorphonuclear

-

-

-

-

-

-

high activity

-

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

from BALB/c mouse

-

Art7.1, but not Art7.2, is predominant on T-cells

-

672357

additional information

-

endoplasmic reticulum

extracellular

-

serum

-

-

nucleus

-

98% of NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A is located to the nucleus

sarcoplasmic reticulum

-

additional information

malfunction

physiological function

17 entries

3zg6, download, 3D-view

Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1

5ol0, download, 3D-view

Q8I6E4

Streptomyces scabiei 87.22

Tetrahymena thermophila SB210

16000

-

722703

18000

x * 18000, SDS-PAGE

25300

-

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A, gel filtration

25500

-

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A, gel filtration

26000

27500

28000

28300

-

x * 28300, SDS-PAGE

638095

31000

Cricetulus griseus

-

calculated from cDNA

722180

32000

34000

-

x * 34000, AT2 transferase, SDS-PAGE

35318

-

x * 35318, AT1 transferase, calculation from nucleotide sequence

36134

-

x * 36134, calculation from nucleotide sequence

638105

37000

38500

-

x * 38500, enzyme type beta, SDS-PAGE

39000

-

x * 39000, enzyme type alpha, SDS-PSGE

40000

-

x * 40000, SDS-PAGE

638126

42000

-

x * 42000, SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions

638123

43000

Q7WUH3

x * 43000, SDS-PAGE

727615

44000

-

x * 44000, SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions

45000

x * 45000, SDS-PAGE

47000

-

x * 47000, SDS-PAGE

738873

49000

Clostridium botulinum

-

x * 49000, SDS-PAGE

50000

SDS-PAGE

?

monomer

additional information

-

the enzyme contains an ADP-ribosylating turn-turn motif, i.e. ARTT-motif, with the key residue Q217, that is involved in substrate specificity and recognition

glycoprotein

Lysinibacillus sphaericus

-

N-glycosyl modification

638123

proteolytic modification

-

activation of enzyme by proteolytic cleavage releasing the active enzyme, amino acids 30-264, and a 70 kDa C-terminal inhibitory fragment

658028

additional information

catalytic subunit CdtA in its native form at pH 4.0, 8.5, and 9.0 and in complex with ADP-ribose donors, NAD+ and NADPH at pH 9.0. The crystal structures of the native protein show pronounced conformational flexibility confined to the active site region of the protein and enhanced disorder at low pH. The suggested catalytically important residues Glu385 and Glu387 seem to play no role or a less important role in ligand binding

Q9KH42

727863

high-resolution structures of NAD(+)-iota toxin-actin and iota toxin-ADPR-actin obtained by soaking apo-iota toxin-actin crystal with NAD(+) under different conditions and structures of mutants E378S, E380A, E380S in complex with actin. The structures of NAD(+)-iota toxin-actin and iota toxin-ADPR-actin represent the pre- and postreaction states. A simple strain-alleviation model explains arginine ADP ribosylation occuring via two oxocarbenium ion intermediates

structure of the Ia complex with NADH at 1.8 A. Vapor diffusion method

-

the crystal structure of human ARTD15/PARP16 is shown. ARTD15 features an alpha-helical domain that packs against its transferase domain without making direct contact with the NAD+-binding crevice or the donor loop

722766

apoenzyme and in complex with NAD+ and inhibitors, vapor diffusion method

-

Xanthomonas citri pv. citri

hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using either 15% (w/v) PEG 400, 5.5% (w/v) PEG 20000, and 50 mM KH2PO4, pH 8.0 or 16.5% (w/v) PEG 400, 6.5% (w/v) PEG 20000, and 50 mM KH2PO4, pH 8.0

A0A0U5GCU5

759368

E301A

-

no NADase activity detected

E378S

mutation eliminates ADP-ribosylation activity and reduces the weak NAD+ glycohydrolase activity in absence of actin to 50%

E380A

mutation eliminates both ADP-ribosylation activity and the weak NAD+ glycohydrolase activity in absence of actin

E380S

mutation eliminates both ADP-ribosylation activity and the weak NAD+ glycohydrolase activity in absence of actin

F349A

-

the ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the NADase reaction is 1% of the wild-type ratio. The ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity is 1.9% of the wild-type ratio with rabbit muscle actin as substrate and 4% of the wild-type ratio with non-muscle actin from human platelets as substrate

F349Y

-

the ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the NADase reaction is 110% of the wild-type ratio

N255A

-

the ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the NADase reaction is 90% of the wild-type ratio. The ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity is 20% of the wild-type ratio with rabbit muscle actin as substrate and 77% of the wild-type ratio with non-muscle actin from human platelets as substrate

R352A

Y246A

-

the ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the NADase reaction is 90% of the wild-type ratio. The ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity is 1.9% of the wild-type ratio with rabbit muscle actin as substrate and 19% of the wild-type ratio with non-muscle actin from human platelets as substrate

Y251A

-

the ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the NADase reaction is 10% of the wild-type ratio

Y251F

-

the ratio of turnover-number to Km-value in the NADase reaction is 40% of the wild-type ratio

E207G/E209G

Cricetulus griseus

-

abolished ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Mutated protein localises to the plasma membrane

722180

E209G

Cricetulus griseus

-

single point mutant of cARTC2.1 cannot hydrolyse NAD+, although it retains low arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Mutated protein localises to the plasma membrane

722180

E219Q

-

site-directed mutagenesis, almost inactive mutant

Q217E

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation results in inhibition of the enzyme's ADP-ribosyltransferase activity toward RhoA, the mutant protein is still capable of NAD+-binding and possesses NAD+ glycohydrolase activity, the mutant is capable of ADP-ribosylation of poly-arginine but not poly-asparagine

R151A

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme

R61A

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme

R86A

-

site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme

DELTA278-322

a deletion mutant lacking the region encompassing the putative transmembrane domain (aminoacids 278-322) shows a diffuse, cytosolic localization compared with full length ARTD15

723565

K242E

-

displays no activity

Y187R

-

displays no activity

Y187R/K242E

-

double mutant contains the R-S-EXE motif, but displays no activity, thus additional residues besides the intact R-S-EXE motif are involved in catalyzing the enzymatic reaction

C201F

-

mutant enzyme of RT6.1, mutant enzyme loses thiol-dependency

638125

C80S

-

mutant enzyme of RT6.1 remains thiol-dependent

638125

C11S

the mutation results in an auto-ADP-ribosylation comparable to the wild type enzyme

C128S

the mutant does not have a stable Fe-S cluster and reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity

C130S

the mutation results in an auto-ADP-ribosylation comparable to the wild type enzyme

C67S

the mutant does not have a stable Fe-S cluster and reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity

E109D

the mutation results in an auto-ADP-ribosylation comparable to the wild type enzyme

E111D

E120D

R7K

R204E

-

isoform ART2b, no auto-ADP-ribosylation

R204K

-

isoform ART2b, no auto-ADP-ribosylation

R204Y

-

isoform ART2b, no auto-ADP-ribosylation

Y204R

-

isoform ART2a, unlike wild-type, is autoribosylated and has increased enzymic activity

E579Q

the mutant shows reduced biotinylation intensity compared to the wild type enzyme

E581Q

the mutant exhibits strongly reduced biotinylation intensity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R426K/R451K/R473K/R479K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R525K/R535K/R540K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows no auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R451K/R473K/R479K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R535K/R540K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows no auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R451K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R525K/R535K/R540K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and severely reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R451K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R535K/R540K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R451K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R540K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R473K/R479K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R540K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R540K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R543K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R473K/R506K/R519K/R522K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows increased auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R426K/R473K/R506K/R566K/R629K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R451A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R473A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R479A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R506A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R506K

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R506K/R566K

the mutant shows reduced auto-ADP-ribosylation activity and reduced NAD+ glycohydrolase activity compared to the wild type enzyme

R506Q

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R519A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R522A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R525A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R525K

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R525Q

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R530A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R530K

inactive

R530Q

inactive

R535A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R540A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R543A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R566A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

R629A

the mutant exhibits lower levels of NAD+ glycohydrolase activity than the wild type enzyme

Y493A

inactive

Y493A/E579Q/E581Q

inactive

Y493A/E581Q

inactive

additional information

both propylene glycol and NaCl stabilize

-

638095

highly unstable both in routine storage and in assay, can be stabilized by addition of 30-50% glycerol to the storage buffer and by addition of nontransferase protein to the assay

-

more than 85% of the enzyme activity is lost within 1 min Vortex-mixing at room temperature of dilute enzyme. When the less-active form of the enzyme is treated with 10 mM dithiothreitol plus 0.2 M NaCl under anaerobic conditions, more than 50% of the enzyme activity is restored

-

638118

unstable during dialysis, loss of activity can be strongly reduced by using buffers containing 40% glycerol

Tequatrovirus T4

-

0-4°C, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.1, 100 mM NaCl, NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase B, stable

-

-

9 entries

by affinity chromatography

B6RDZ5

enzyme type alpha and enzyme type beta

-

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase A

-

638097, 638102

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase B

-

638096, 638097

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase C

-

638102

Ni-NTA column chromatography

Ni-NTA column chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration

partial

-

638103

recombinant GST-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli by glutathione affinity chromatography, the GST-tag is cleaved off by thrombin

-

recombinant membrane-bound His-tagged ART2 maltose-binding fusion protein from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, anion echange chromatography, and amylose resin affnity chromataography, the maltose-binding protein is cleaved off

-

-

ART5

-

At6-1 and RT6-2 cDNA

-

expressed in Escherichia coli

expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells

Xanthomonas citri pv. citri

expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)RIL cells

A0A0U5GCU5

759368

expressed in Escherichia coli LC1062 cells

expressed in HUVEC cells

-

736267

expression Escherichia coli

723565

expression in Escherichia coli

expression of Art 1 in 293T cells as a recombinant fusion protein with the Fc portion of human IgG1

-

638113

expression of GST-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli

-

expression of His-tagged ART2 as maltose-binding fusion protein in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), expression of the membrane-bound ART2 in COS1 cells

-

expression of isozymes ART1, ART3, ART4, ART5, ART2.2 in Escherichia coli, isozyme ART1synthesized in Escherichia coli, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored ART1 released with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from transfected NMU cells, or ART1 expressed endogenously on C2C12 myotubes modifiy arginine 14 on HNP-1 with a secondary site on arginine 24

-

674578

expression of isozymes ART1, ART5, ART2.2 in Escherichia coli, ART1 expressed endogenously on C2C12 myotubes modifies arginine 14 on HNP-1 with a secondary site on arginine 24

-

674578

gene ART3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, structural analysis of the untranslated regions, splicing variants differing in the 5'-UTR, genomic organization, expression analysis, recombinant expression in HEK-293T cells

672357

in COS 7 cells transiently transfected with AT1 cDNA activity is detected in the culture medium. In COS 7 cells transfected with AT2 CDNA activity is found in both culture medium and cell lysate

-

mutated amplification products transformed into the Escherichia coli DH 5alpha strain. HEK 293-T cells stably transfected with ART1 or ART3

-

702912

N-terminal Flag-tagged ART4 (amino acids 20-270) cloned (Asp718I/XhoI) into the pSecTagB plasmid. HEK-293T cells stably transfected with the plasmid. C-33A cells stably transfected with an expression plasmid containing the sequence of ART4 encoding amino acids 20-289

B6RDZ5

plasmid pcDNA3-Art7.1 transfected into chicken B cell lymphoma DT40 cells

-

705674

wild-type and mutants cloned into the pcDNA3.1/Zeo (+) plasmid, expression in C-33A cells

-

Yac-1 and Yac-2 enzymes are expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli

P70352

638115

Art7.1, but not Art7.2, is predominantly expressed on immune cells

-

705674

enzyme expression is activated during the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

P52961

735914

enzyme expression is increased in colon adenocarcinoma tissues

-

736275

expression of ART1, ART3 and ART5 mRNA in myogenic cell lines during skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. ART1 expression is restricted to myotube formation. ART5 similar to ART1 mRNA is strongly upregulated during muscle cell differentiation. Upregulation of ART3 mRNA only in C3H10T1/2 cells. Differentiation-dependent upregulation of ART1 mRNA is induced by the binding of myogenin to an E box and of MEF-2 to an A/T-rich element in the proximal promoter region of the ART1 gene

-

702912

mutating the DNA consensus sequence of either the E box or the A/T-rich element results in a nearly complete loss of ART1 promoter inducibility

-

702912

Peptoclostridium difficile can be divided into at least five diffent toxin-producing groups: large clostridial cytotoxins producers, large clostridial cytotoxins and binary toxin producers, toxin B-only producers, toxin B and binary toxin producers and binary toxin-only producers. These groupings add further support to the theory Peptoclostridium difficile is divided into stable subpopulations that have evolved from common ancestors