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Information on EC 2.4.1.11 - glycogen(starch) synthase and Organism(s) Bos taurus

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.4 Glycosyltransferases
             2.4.1 Hexosyltransferases
                2.4.1.11 glycogen(starch) synthase
IUBMB Comments
The accepted name varies according to the source of the enzyme and the nature of its synthetic product (cf. EC 2.4.1.1, phosphorylase). Glycogen synthase from animal tissues is a complex of a catalytic subunit and the protein glycogenin. The enzyme requires glucosylated glycogenin as a primer; this is the reaction product of EC 2.4.1.186 (glycogenin glucosyltransferase). A similar enzyme utilizes ADP-glucose (EC 2.4.1.21, starch synthase).
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Bos taurus
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Bos taurus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
glycogen synthase, gbssi, granule-bound starch synthase, starch synthase i, granule bound starch synthase, gsy2p, glycogen synthase 2, gys-2, glycogen synthase-2, cg-gys, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen
-
-
-
-
glycogen synthetase (starch)
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-
-
-
GSY2p
-
-
-
-
UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase
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-
-
-
UDP-glycogen synthase
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-
-
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UDPG-glycogen synthetase
-
-
-
-
UDPG-glycogen transglucosylase
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-
-
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uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase
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-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n = UDP + [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
show the reaction diagram
reaction mechanism
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
The accepted name varies according to the source of the enzyme and the nature of its synthetic product (cf. EC 2.4.1.1, phosphorylase). Glycogen synthase from animal tissues is a complex of a catalytic subunit and the protein glycogenin. The enzyme requires glucosylated glycogenin as a primer; this is the reaction product of EC 2.4.1.186 (glycogenin glucosyltransferase). A similar enzyme utilizes ADP-glucose (EC 2.4.1.21, starch synthase).
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9014-56-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-glucose + glycogen
glycogen + UDP
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-glucose + glycogen
glycogen + UDP
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Mg2+
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activation
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ATP
-
-
phosphate
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-
UDP
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UDP-glucose
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-
UTP
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affects glucose-6-phosphate binding
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
glucose 6-phosphate
SO42-
-
stimulatory effect increases as the enzyme becomes more phosphorylated
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.26 - 0.9
UDP-glucose
additional information
additional information
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
21
-
synthase D
21 - 25
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synthase I
30 - 35
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synthase D
4.7
-
-
9.83
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synthase I
additional information
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-
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6.7
-
synthase I, enzyme form 1, absence of Na2SO4
7.1
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synthase I, enzyme form 2, absence of Na2SO4
7.7
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synthase I, enzyme form 1, presence of Na2SO4
7.8
-
assay at
8
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synthase I, enzyme form 2, presence of Na2SO4
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
GYS1_BOVIN
736
0
83814
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A3Q1MNY2_BOVIN
672
0
77202
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
E1B9X7_BOVIN
710
0
81536
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
Q58CX0_BOVIN
604
0
69108
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A3Q1LJJ0_BOVIN
678
0
78176
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
340000
-
native enzyme
85000
-
4 * 85000
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
tetramer
-
4 * 85000
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-70°C, at least 6 months
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-70°C, stable for at least 3 months
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-70°C, stable up to 6 months
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liquid N2, 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.0, 1 mM DTT, 50% glycerol
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Dickey-Dunkirk, S.; Killilea, S.D.
Purification of bovine heart glycogen synthase
Anal. Biochem.
146
199-205
1985
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mitchell, J.W.; Thomas, J.A.
Phosphorylation of bovine heart glycogen synthase by two protein kinases. Kinetic properties of phosphorylated forms of the enzyme
J. Biol. Chem.
256
6160-6169
1981
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Rasmussen, L.H.; Pedersen, K.M.; Juhl, H.
Purification and properties of glycogen synthase I from bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Biochimie
67
615-623
1985
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nakai, C.; Thomas, J.A.
Effects of magnesium on the kinetic properties of bovine heart glycogen synthase D
J. Biol. Chem.
250
4081-4086
1975
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Thomas, J.A.; Larner, J.
Purification and properties of glycogen synthase I from bovine heart: two kinetic forms
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
293
62-72
1973
Bos taurus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team