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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [alpha-synuclein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[alpha-synuclein]
full-length alpha-synuclein
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [NLRP1B]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[NLRP1B]
NLRP1B inflammasome is ubiquitinylated at the N-terminal Leu248
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [NLRP1B]-N-terminal-leucine248
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[NLRP1B]
NLRP1B inflammasome
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [Rnf4]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[Rnf4]
S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [SUMO-2]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[SUMO-2]
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N-terminal mono-ubiquitylation of SUMO-2 primes it for poly-ubiquitylation by the Ubc13-UEV1 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1) heterodimer
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [tau tetra-repeat domain]-N-terminal-Lys18
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[tau tetra-repeat domain]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [Ube2W]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[Ube2W]
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isoform Ube2W ubiquitylates its own N-terminus
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S-ubiquitinyl-[N-terminal E2 ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme]-L-cysteine + [CARP2 protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[N-terminal E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-ubiquitinyl-[ CARP2 protein]-N-terminal amino acid
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S-ubiquitinyl-[N-terminal E2 ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme]-L-cysteine + [cIAP2 protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[N-terminal E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-ubiquitinyl-[ cIAP2 protein]-N-terminal amino acid
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S-ubiquitinyl-[N-terminal E2 ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme]-L-cysteine + [MDM2 protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[N-terminal E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-ubiquitinyl-[ MDM2 protein]-N-terminal amino acid
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[ubiquitin-carrier protein E2]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [ataxin-3]-NH2
[ubiquitin-carrier protein E2]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[ataxin-3]
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[ubiquitin-carrier protein E2]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [protein-tau]-NH2
[ubiquitin-carrier protein E2]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[protein-tau]
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[ubiquitin-carrier protein Ubc16]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [CHIP]-NH2
[ubiquitin-carrier protein Ubc16]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[CHIP]
CHIP is a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase known to interact productively with many E2 enzymes
isoform Ubc16 N-terminally mono-ubiquitinates the ubiquitin E3 ligase CHIP
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[ubiquitin-carrier protein Ubc16]-S-ubiquitinyl-L-cysteine + [SUMO-2]-NH2
[ubiquitin-carrier protein Ubc16]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[SUMO-2]
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isoform Ubc16 shows specific protein N-terminal monoubiquitylation activity. Ubc16 conjugates ubiquitin not only to its own N-terminus, but also to that of the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO in a manner dependent on the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase RNF4, i.e. RING finger protein 4. N-terminal mono-ubiquitylation of SUMO-2 primes it for poly-ubiquitylation by the Ubc13-UEV1 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 heterodimer
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additional information
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
the relatively disordered nature of the N-terminal domain of HTT predicts it to be a potential candidate target for Ube2W
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
the relatively disordered nature of the N-terminal domain of HTT predicts it to be a potential candidate target for Ube2W
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [Rnf4]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[Rnf4]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [Rnf4]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[Rnf4]
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additional information
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Ube2w is not reactive toward free lysine and contains novel residues in its active site that are important for activity
to confirm N-terminal ubiquitination lysine-less and N-terminally blocked substrates are generated. The lysine-less substrate is ubiquinated, but not the N-terminally blocked one
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additional information
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in vitro, UBE2W can modify the N-terminus of both alpha-synuclein and a tau tetra-repeat domain with a single ubiquitin. The reaction does not continue beyond monoubiquitination as UBE2W specifically recognizes disordered sequences at the N-terminus of the substrate
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additional information
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the enzyme UBE2W is specific for N-terminal amine group, it interacts with E3 ligase of type RING, HECT, and RBR. Ube2W exhibits no intrinsic activity towards free lysine. Instead, Ube2W attaches Ub to the N-terminal alpha-amino group of proteins to form a Ub-fusion protein product.While still an aminolysis reaction and therefore not fundamentally different from the reaction with lysine, intrinsic reactivity assays revealed that Ube2W can transfer Ub to the alpha-amino group of small lysine-less peptides but not to free lysine. The preference for N-terminal modification by Ube2W may not be absolute, as the retroviral restriction RING E3 TRIM5alpha is monoubiquitylated by Ube2W despite being acetylated on its N-terminus. Ube2W may also facilitate isopeptide bond formation, possibly if an N-terminus is blocked. Nevertheless, the preference of Ube2W for disordered N-termini gives it a (so far) unique target selection mechanism for a primary modification event that can subsequently be exploited by other E2 enzymes to form Ub chains. The E2 Ube2W shows unique ability to monoubiquitylate proteins on their N-termini. Ube2W appears to monoubiquitylate the RING E3 ligases TRIM5alpha and TRIM21, a prerequisite for their K63 polyubiquitylation by Ube2N/Ube2V2
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [NLRP1B]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[NLRP1B]
NLRP1B inflammasome is ubiquitinylated at the N-terminal Leu248
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
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S-ubiquitinyl-[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [huntingtin]-N-terminal-amino acid
[E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N-terminal-ubiquitinyl-[huntingtin]
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Adenocarcinoma of Lung
Expression of UBE2C in lung adenocarcinoma based on database analysis and its clinical significance.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
High ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T mRNA expression and its prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma: A study based on the TCGA database.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 H (UBE2H) Is Linked to Poor Outcomes and Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
African Swine Fever
A ubiquitin conjugating enzyme encoded by African swine fever virus.
African Swine Fever
An ARID family protein binds to the African swine fever virus encoded ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, UBCv1.
Alzheimer Disease
A human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, L-UBC, maps in the Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14q24.3.
Alzheimer Disease
Deficiency in the Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme UBE2A in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is Linked to Deficits in a Natural Circular miRNA-7 Sponge (circRNA; ciRS-7).
Autoimmune Diseases
The haplotype of UBE2L3 gene is associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a Chinese Han population.
Breast Neoplasms
Identifying breast cancer subtypes associated modules and biomarkers by integrated bioinformatics analysis.
Breast Neoplasms
Inhibition of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2C reduces proliferation and sensitizes breast cancer cells to radiation, doxorubicin, tamoxifen and letrozole.
Breast Neoplasms
Lysine 394 is a novel Rad6B-induced ubiquitination site on beta-catenin.
Breast Neoplasms
Prognostic value of ubiquitin E2 UBE2W and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Stromal cell extracellular vesicular cargo mediated regulation of breast cancer cell metastasis via ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N pathway.
Carcinogenesis
BIR repeat-containing ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) regulation of ?-catenin signaling in the progression of drug-induced hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis
Combined elevation of AURKB and UBE2C predicts severe outcomes and therapy resistance in glioma.
Carcinogenesis
Identification of key candidate genes and pathways in endometrial cancer: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis.
Carcinogenesis
Inhibiting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N by microRNA-590-3p reduced cell growth of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis
[Selecting functional siRNA target sites of hUBE2W based on H1-U6 dual promoter RNAi plasmid]
Carcinoma
Inhibiting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N by microRNA-590-3p reduced cell growth of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinoma
Overexpression of UBE2C in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and molecular analysis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease.
Colitis
RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)-EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Colitis, Ulcerative
RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)-EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Crohn Disease
RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)-EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Endometrial Neoplasms
MLN4924 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting the activated neddylation pathway in endometrial carcinoma.
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Overexpression of UBE2C in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and molecular analysis.
Fanconi Anemia
UBE2W interacts with FANCL and regulates the monoubiquitination of Fanconi anemia protein FANCD2.
Fatty Liver
The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease.
Glioma
Combined elevation of AURKB and UBE2C predicts severe outcomes and therapy resistance in glioma.
Huntington Disease
The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ube2W regulates solubility of the Huntington's disease protein, huntingtin.
Hypersensitivity
Loss of ubiquitin E2 Ube2w rescues hypersensitivity of Rnf4 mutant cells to DNA damage.
Infections
PDPK1 regulates autophagosome biogenesis by binding to PIK3C3.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)-EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Leukemia
Identification of novel lipid droplet factors that regulate lipophagy and cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells.
Leukemia, T-Cell
Identification of novel lipid droplet factors that regulate lipophagy and cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells.
Liver Diseases
BIR repeat-containing ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) regulation of ?-catenin signaling in the progression of drug-induced hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis.
Liver Diseases
The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Identification of hub genes associated with esophageal cancer progression using bioinformatics analysis.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Long non-coding RNA UBE2CP3 enhances HCC cell secretion of VEGFA and promotes angiogenesis by activating ERK1/2/HIF-1?/VEGFA signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Stromal cell extracellular vesicular cargo mediated regulation of breast cancer cell metastasis via ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N pathway.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 H (UBE2H) Is Linked to Poor Outcomes and Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
Neoplasms
A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of UBE2C in Cancers.
Neoplasms
BIR repeat-containing ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) regulation of ?-catenin signaling in the progression of drug-induced hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis.
Neoplasms
Combined elevation of AURKB and UBE2C predicts severe outcomes and therapy resistance in glioma.
Neoplasms
High ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T mRNA expression and its prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma: A study based on the TCGA database.
Neoplasms
Inhibiting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N by microRNA-590-3p reduced cell growth of cervical carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Long non-coding RNA UBE2CP3 enhances HCC cell secretion of VEGFA and promotes angiogenesis by activating ERK1/2/HIF-1?/VEGFA signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Manipulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in cachexia: pentoxifylline suppresses the activation of 20S and 26S proteasomes in muscles from tumor-bearing rats.
Neoplasms
miRNA?101?3p.1 as an independent diagnostic biomarker aggravates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via activation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Neoplasms
Oncogene UBE2I enhances cellular invasion, migration and proliferation abilities via autophagy-related pathway resulting in poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Neoplasms
RAD6 promotes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
Neoplasms
RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)-EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
Neoplasms
Sumoylation of transcription factor ETV1 modulates its oncogenic potential in prostate cancer.
Neoplasms
The Positive Correlations between the Expression of Histopathological Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2O Staining and Prostate Cancer Advancement.
Neoplasms
UBE2C Drives Human Cervical Cancer Progression and Is Positively Modulated by mTOR.
Neoplasms
UBE2C is involved in the functions of ECRG4 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Neoplasms
UBE2C mRNA expression controlled by miR-300 and HuR determines its oncogenic role in gastric cancer.
Neoplasms
UBE2C promotes the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Ube2S regulates Wnt/?-catenin signaling and promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer.
Neoplasms
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 H (UBE2H) Is Linked to Poor Outcomes and Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
Neoplasms
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 L3 promoted tumor growth of NSCLC through accelerating p27kip1 ubiquitination and degradation.
Neoplasms
Uev1A-Ubc13 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through regulating CXCL1 expression via NF-?B activation.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
The ménage à trois of autophagy, lipid droplets and liver disease.
Osteoarthritis
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 M promotes apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes via Wnt/?-catenin signaling.
Ovarian Neoplasms
RAD6 promotes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
Parkinson Disease
USP33 deubiquitinates PRKN/parkin and antagonizes its role in mitophagy.
Prostatic Neoplasms
miR-499a inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer via targeting UBE2V2.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Sumoylation of transcription factor ETV1 modulates its oncogenic potential in prostate cancer.
Retinoblastoma
An ARID family protein binds to the African swine fever virus encoded ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, UBCv1.
Retinoblastoma
Identification of novel lipid droplet factors that regulate lipophagy and cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells.
Sarcoma
Identification of novel lipid droplet factors that regulate lipophagy and cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells.
Sarcoma
Using mRNA deep sequencing to analyze differentially expressed genes during Panax notoginseng saponin treatment of ischemic stroke.
Sepsis
Muscle wasting in a rat model of long-lasting sepsis results from the activation of lysosomal, Ca2+ -activated, and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways.
Stomach Neoplasms
UBE2C mRNA expression controlled by miR-300 and HuR determines its oncogenic role in gastric cancer.
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcH5b by a triterpenoid PC3-15 from Schisandra plants sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to lapatinib.
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evolution
humans have about 40 E2s that are involved in the transfer of Ub or Ub-like (Ubl) proteins (e.g. SUMO and NEDD8). Common functional and structural features that define unifying themes among E2s, overview. Highly specific chain builders such as Ube2N, Ube2S, and Ube2R1 can only transfer their conjugated Ub to another Ub molecule. This leads to a division of labor among E2s in which one E2 initiates or primes chain synthesis and a second E2 builds and extends the polyUb chain. Ube2W is fundamentally different in its reactivity (and therefore, its substrates) from all other characterized E2s. Along with its unique reactivity profile, Ube2W has an unusual UBC domain
malfunction
knockdown of two E2s, Ube2o or Ube2t (EC 2.3.2.23), appears to be capable of suppressing LT-stimulated caspase-1 activation. siRNA knockdown of Ube2o expression in the engineered RAW-RA cells efficiently blocks RFP-ASC specks formation as well as release of cellular EGFP in response to LT stimulation
malfunction
the absence of Ube2W in HdhQ200 KI mice significantly increases levels of soluble monomeric mHTT while reducing insoluble oligomeric species. Ube2W null mice show an incompletely penetrant multi-organ defect and post-natal lethality. Mutational analysis reveals that neither wild-type Ube2W nor enzyme mutants alter cell viability. Ube2W deficiency results in decreased mHTT inclusion formation and reduced neurotoxicity, overview. Ube2W deficiency does not alter transcript levels of Htt or striatal markers in HdhQ200 mice
malfunction
the expression levels of UBE2W in mouse testes are significantly deceased in the testes with hypospermatogenesis. When UBE2W expression is successfully downregulated in spermatogenic cells, the rate of apoptosis is significantly increased and the P53/Bcl-2/caspase 6/caspase 9 signal pathways are activated. UBE2W downregulation promotes cell apoptosis and correlates with hypospermatogenesis
malfunction
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the absence of Ube2W in HdhQ200 KI mice significantly increases levels of soluble monomeric mHTT while reducing insoluble oligomeric species. Ube2W null mice show an incompletely penetrant multi-organ defect and post-natal lethality. Mutational analysis reveals that neither wild-type Ube2W nor enzyme mutants alter cell viability. Ube2W deficiency results in decreased mHTT inclusion formation and reduced neurotoxicity, overview. Ube2W deficiency does not alter transcript levels of Htt or striatal markers in HdhQ200 mice
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malfunction
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the expression levels of UBE2W in mouse testes are significantly deceased in the testes with hypospermatogenesis. When UBE2W expression is successfully downregulated in spermatogenic cells, the rate of apoptosis is significantly increased and the P53/Bcl-2/caspase 6/caspase 9 signal pathways are activated. UBE2W downregulation promotes cell apoptosis and correlates with hypospermatogenesis
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metabolism
the N-end rule E3 ligase UBR2 is required for LT-induced NLRP1B inflammasome activation. LT is known to cleave NLRP1B after Lys44. The cleaved NLRP1B, bearing an N-terminal leucine, is targeted by UBR2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. UBR2 partners with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2O in this process. NLRP1B undergoes constitutive autocleavage before the C-terminal CARD domain. UBR2-mediated degradation of LT-cleaved NLRP1B thus triggers release of the noncovalent-bound CARD domain for subsequent caspase-1 activation. Metabolic pathway, overview
metabolism
the proteasome can target soluble oligomers assembled from ubiquitin-modified proteins independently of its peptidase activity, consistent with our recently reported fibril-fragmenting activity. Proteasomes are able to target oligomers assembled from N-terminally ubiquitinated proteins. The results suggest a possible disassembly mechanism by which N-terminal ubiquitination and the proteasome may together impede aggregate formation
metabolism
UBE2W expression correlates with testis development and hypospermatogenesis. UBE2W expression affects cell apoptosis by P53/Bcl-2/caspase 6/caspase 9 signal pathways, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, overview
metabolism
ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation requires the sequential action of enzymes to target ubiquitin to substrates: Ub activating enzyme (E1), Ub conjugating enzyme (E2) and Ub ligase (E3). Given the diversity in Ub-chain lengths, linkages and substrate attachment sites, dramatically different kinds of ubiquitination can occur. Ube2W can function with various ubiquitin ligases including the C-terminus of Hsc-70-interacting protein (CHIP) and the BRCA1/BARD1 complex to mono-ubiquitinate select substrates at their N-termini
metabolism
ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are the central players in the trio of enzymes responsible for the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to cellular proteins. E2 regulation mechanisms, overview
metabolism
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ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation requires the sequential action of enzymes to target ubiquitin to substrates: Ub activating enzyme (E1), Ub conjugating enzyme (E2) and Ub ligase (E3). Given the diversity in Ub-chain lengths, linkages and substrate attachment sites, dramatically different kinds of ubiquitination can occur. Ube2W can function with various ubiquitin ligases including the C-terminus of Hsc-70-interacting protein (CHIP) and the BRCA1/BARD1 complex to mono-ubiquitinate select substrates at their N-termini
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metabolism
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UBE2W expression correlates with testis development and hypospermatogenesis. UBE2W expression affects cell apoptosis by P53/Bcl-2/caspase 6/caspase 9 signal pathways, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, overview
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physiological function
Ube2W is an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme with specific protein N-terminal monoubiquitylation activity. Ube2W conjugates ubiquitin to its own N-terminus, but also to that of the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO in a manner dependent on the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase RNF4, i.e.RING finger protein 4
physiological function
humans have about 40 E2s that are involved in the transfer of Ub or Ub-like (Ubl) proteins (e.g. SUMO and NEDD8). Although the majority of E2s are only twice the size of Ub, this remarkable family of enzymes performs a variety of functional roles. Ube2W exhibits no intrinsic activity towards free lysine. Instead, Ube2W attaches Ub to the N-terminal alpha-amino group of proteins to form a Ub-fusion protein product. While still an aminolysis reaction and therefore not fundamentally differ not from the reaction with lysine, intrinsic reactivity assays revealed that Ube2W can transfer Ub to the alpha-amino group of small lysine-less peptides but not to free lysine. This feature distinguishes Ube2W as fundamentally different in its reactivity (and therefore, its substrates) from all other characterized E2s. Along with its unique reactivity profile, Ube2W has an unusual UBC domain. Ube2W recognizes and modifies disordered N-termini independently of substrate sequence through interactions between its own disordered C-terminal region and the substrate backbone. The requirement of a disordered N-terminus on its substrate explains the strict monoubiquitylating activity of Ube2W, as the N-terminus of Ub is highly structured and is therefore not a good substrate for Ube2W. The preference for N-terminal modification by Ube2W may not be absolute, as the retroviral restriction RING E3 TRIM5alpha is monoubiquitylated by Ube2W despite being acetylated on its N-terminus. Ube2W may also facilitate isopeptide bond formation, possibly if an N-terminus is blocked. Nevertheless, the preference of Ube2W for disordered N-termini gives it a (so far) unique target selection mechanism for a primary modification event that can subsequently be exploited by other E2 enzymes to form Ub chains. Ube2W may work as a chain-initiating E2 in the innate immune response where K63-linked chains play a critical role
physiological function
the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ube2W regulates solubility of the Huntington's disease protein, huntingtin (HTT). Potential function of the non-canonical ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Ube2W, in the polyQ neurodegenerative disease, Huntington's Disease (HD). Ube2W increases HTT inclusion formation in cultured cells. The effect of Ube2W on HTT most likely occurs post-translationally. But as an E2 that ubiquitinates N-termini, Ube2W can act cotranslationally by interacting with the nascent N-terminal polypeptide as it exits the ribosome and thus alter the rate of HTT protein synthesis itself
physiological function
UBE2O can mediate the ubiquitination of many different substrates. It is involved in cancer. UBE2O may also regulate other biological processes through UBR2-dependent or UBR2-independent N-end rule pathways. The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2O partners with UBR2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule degradation pathway. UBR2 functions together with UBE2O mediating NLRP1B inflammasome activation. UBE2O is the bona fide E2 enzyme controlling LT-induced NLRP1B inflammasome activation. UBR2-UBE2O ubiquitination pathway mediates degradation of LT-cleaved NLRP1B, which releases its C-terminal CARD domain for subsequent caspase-1 activation
physiological function
UBE2W can modify the N-terminus of proteins with ubiquitin. An engineered N-terminal ubiquitin modification changes the aggregation process of both proteins, resulting in the formation of structurally distinct aggregates. The mammalian proteasome holoenzyme can target oligomers assembled from ubiquitinated tau aggregation domain (tauK18) and alpha-synuclein (alphaS), both tauK18 and alphaS may become ubiquitinated on the N-terminus by UBE2W enabling the proteasomes to target and remove oligomers assembled from these modified proteins. The reaction does not continue beyond monoubiquitination as UBE2W specifically recognizes disordered sequences at the N-terminus of the substrate
physiological function
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) is crucial for mediating N-terminal ubiquitination. Enzyme UBE2W is involved in male infertility, correlation between UBE2W expression and hypospermatogenesis, overview. UBE2W promotes ubiquitin chain formation in response to DNA damage by interacting with Rnf4
physiological function
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the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ube2W regulates solubility of the Huntington's disease protein, huntingtin (HTT). Potential function of the non-canonical ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Ube2W, in the polyQ neurodegenerative disease, Huntington's Disease (HD). Ube2W increases HTT inclusion formation in cultured cells. The effect of Ube2W on HTT most likely occurs post-translationally. But as an E2 that ubiquitinates N-termini, Ube2W can act cotranslationally by interacting with the nascent N-terminal polypeptide as it exits the ribosome and thus alter the rate of HTT protein synthesis itself
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physiological function
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ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) is crucial for mediating N-terminal ubiquitination. Enzyme UBE2W is involved in male infertility, correlation between UBE2W expression and hypospermatogenesis, overview. UBE2W promotes ubiquitin chain formation in response to DNA damage by interacting with Rnf4
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additional information
amino acid W144 near the C-terminus of Ube2W is critically important for substrate binding
additional information
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amino acid W144 near the C-terminus of Ube2W is critically important for substrate binding
additional information
E2 structure-function analysis, overview. Ube2W recognizes and modifies disordered N-termini independently of substrate sequence through interactions between its own disordered C-terminal region and the substrate backbone. The requirement of a disordered N-terminus on its substrate explains the strict monoubiquitylating activity of Ube2W, as the N-terminus of Ub is highly structured and is therefore not a good substrate for Ube2W
additional information
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amino acid W144 near the C-terminus of Ube2W is critically important for substrate binding
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C91A
site-directed mutagenesis of an active site residue, the mutation eliminates the ability of Ube2W to transfer ubiquitin (Ub) to substrates while still allowing Ube2W to bind substrates, it disrupts Ube2W-mediated ubiquitination
W144E
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation eliminates substrate binding and disrupts Ube2W-mediated ubiquitination
C91A
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site-directed mutagenesis of an active site residue, the mutation eliminates the ability of Ube2W to transfer ubiquitin (Ub) to substrates while still allowing Ube2W to bind substrates, it disrupts Ube2W-mediated ubiquitination
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W144E
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation eliminates substrate binding and disrupts Ube2W-mediated ubiquitination
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additional information
to obtain homogenous and pure ubiquitin (Ub)-modified alphasynuclein (alphaS) and tauK18, engineered constructs that expressed fusion proteins with a single Ub moiety immediately before the first residue of alphaS or tauK18 (Ub-alphaS and Ub-tauK18) are genetically engineered. These engineered N-terminal Ub-fusion proteins are protected from deubiquitination by a Gly76Ser substitution of the C-terminal residue of Ub. No filamentous aggregates from Ub-alphaS are detected under TEM, thus, the morphology of filamentous aggregates is affected by N-terminal Ub modification. Meanwhile, oligomers from both tauK18 and Ub-tauK18 are reproducibly detected early in the aggregation process. An apparent reduction of the fraction of soluble oligomers with time is detected in both unmodified and Ub-modified tauK18 beyond 50 and 70 h, respectively. Comparisons of modified and unmodified proteins' aggregation behaviour, overview. Proteasomes are able to target Ub-modified aggregates
additional information
absence of Ube2W increases soluble, monomeric mutant huntingtin (HTT) in a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. The absence of Ube2W in HdhQ200 KI mice significantly increases levels of soluble monomeric mHTT while reducing insoluble oligomeric species
additional information
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absence of Ube2W increases soluble, monomeric mutant huntingtin (HTT) in a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. The absence of Ube2W in HdhQ200 KI mice significantly increases levels of soluble monomeric mHTT while reducing insoluble oligomeric species
additional information
generation of E2-knockdown macrophages, siRNA knockdown of Ube2o expression in engineered RAW-RA cells, Ube2o knockdown efficiency is measured by quantitative PCR
additional information
specific downregulation of enzyme UBE2W in spermatogenic cells by murine UBE2W-specific shRNA. UBE2W downregulation promotes cell apoptosis and correlates with hypospermatogenesis. UBE2W upregulation is performed by a recombinant lentivirus containing murine UBE2W
additional information
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specific downregulation of enzyme UBE2W in spermatogenic cells by murine UBE2W-specific shRNA. UBE2W downregulation promotes cell apoptosis and correlates with hypospermatogenesis. UBE2W upregulation is performed by a recombinant lentivirus containing murine UBE2W
additional information
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specific downregulation of enzyme UBE2W in spermatogenic cells by murine UBE2W-specific shRNA. UBE2W downregulation promotes cell apoptosis and correlates with hypospermatogenesis. UBE2W upregulation is performed by a recombinant lentivirus containing murine UBE2W
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additional information
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absence of Ube2W increases soluble, monomeric mutant huntingtin (HTT) in a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. The absence of Ube2W in HdhQ200 KI mice significantly increases levels of soluble monomeric mHTT while reducing insoluble oligomeric species
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