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acetyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
O-acetylcarnitine + CoASH
-
-
487399, 487416, 487418, 487421, 487422, 487423, 487424, 487426, 487427, 487428, 487430, 487431, 487433 -
-
r
acetyl-CoA + L-(-)carnitine
O-acetylcarnitine + CoASH
-
-
487399, 487416, 487418, 487421, 487422, 487423, 487424, 487426, 487427, 487428, 487430, 487431, 487433 -
-
r
acetyl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + carnitine
acylcarnitine + CoASH
-
-
487399, 487416, 487418, 487421, 487422, 487423, 487424, 487426, 487427, 487428, 487430, 487431, 487433 -
-
r
acyl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-acylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
?
acylcarnitine + CoASH
acyl-CoA + carnitine
-
-
487399, 487416, 487418, 487421, 487422, 487423, 487424, 487426, 487427, 487428, 487430, 487431, 487433 -
-
r
butyryl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-butyrylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
?
decanoylcarnitine + CoASH
decanoyl-CoA + carnitine
-
-
-
-
r
hexanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-hexanoyl-L-carnitine
-
-
-
-
?
n-butyryl-CoA + carnitine
n-butyrylcarnitine + CoASH
-
-
-
-
r
n-butyrylcarnitine + CoASH
n-butyryl-CoA + carnitine
-
-
-
-
r
O-acetylcarnitine + CoASH
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
-
-
487399, 487416, 487418, 487421, 487422, 487423, 487424, 487426, 487427, 487428, 487430, 487431, 487433 -
-
r
O-acetylcarnitine + CoASH
acetyl-CoA + L-(-)carnitine
-
-
487399, 487416, 487418, 487421, 487422, 487423, 487424, 487426, 487427, 487428, 487430, 487431, 487433 -
-
r
octanoyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-octanoylcarnitine
-
-
-
?
octanoyl-CoA + carnitine
octanoylcarnitine + CoASH
-
-
-
-
r
octanoyl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-octanoylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
?
octanoylcarnitine + CoASH
octanoyl-CoA + carnitine
-
-
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-palmitoylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-propionylcarnitine
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + L-(-)carnitine
propionylcarnitine + CoASH
-
-
-
-
r
propionyl-CoA + L-carnitine
CoA + O-propionylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
?
propionylcarnitine + CoASH
propionyl-CoA + L-(-)carnitine
-
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
-
-
-
-
r
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
-
-
-
r
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
-
modulates acetyl-CoA and CoA availability for a wide range of acyl-transfer reactions, involved in fatty acid metabolism
-
-
r
acetyl-CoA + carnitine
CoA + O-acetylcarnitine
modulates acetyl-CoA and CoA availability for a wide range of acyl-transfer reactions, involved in fatty acid metabolism
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
palmitoyl-CoA is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
palmitoyl-CoA is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows some activity with acyl-CoAs of longer chain length including C12- and C14-CoA, but not with C16-CoA. Trans-2-enoyl-CoA intermediates such as trans-2-ene-C4-CoA (crotonyl-CoA, trans-2-C4:1-CoA), trans-2-ene-3-methyl-C4-CoA (3-methylcrotonyl-CoA), and trans-2-ene-2-methyl-C4-CoA are poor substrates for the enzyme and no activity is found with dicarboxylic acyl-CoA esters
-
-
?
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Alzheimer Disease
Carnitine acetyltransferase activity in the human brain and its microvessels is decreased in Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease
Carnitine acyltransferases are not changed in Alzheimer disease.
Alzheimer Disease
Chromatographic separation of reaction products from the choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase assay: differential ChAT and CrAT activity in brain extracts from Alzheimer's disease versus controls.
Asthma
Assessment of asthma control using CARAT in patients with and without Allergic Rhinitis: A pilot study in primary care.
Asthma
Asthma and pregnancy in the 2020 decade: still a matter of concern.
Asthma
Asthma control in the Portuguese National Asthma Survey.
Asthma
Characteristics of Reliever Inhaler Users and Asthma Control: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study in Portuguese Community Pharmacies.
Asthma
Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT): dissemination and applications in primary care.
Asthma
MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation.
Asthma
Self-management research of asthma and good drug use (SMARAGD study): a pilot trial.
Asthma
The control of allergic rhinitis in real life: a multicenter cross-sectional Italian study.
Asthma
The impact of weight loss beyond lung function: benefit with respect to asthma outcomes.
Asthma
The Measurement of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control in Children and Adolescents.
Asthma
Transfer of innovation on allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in the elderly (MACVIA-ARIA) - EIP on AHA Twinning Reference Site (GARD research demonstration project).
Asthma
Turkish language validity and reliability of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test and its comparison with other scales.
Asthma
Use of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test and pulmonary function tests to assess asthma control in pregnancy.
Asthma
Validation of a questionnaire (CARAT10) to assess rhinitis and asthma in patients with asthma.
Brain Diseases
CRAT missense variants cause abnormal carnitine acetyltransferase function in an early-onset case of Leigh syndrome.
Brain Diseases
Fatal ataxic encephalopathy and carnitine acetyltransferase deficiency: a functional defect of pyruvate oxidation?
Breast Neoplasms
CARAT: A novel method for allelic detection of DNA copy number changes using high density oligonucleotide arrays.
carnitine o-acetyltransferase deficiency
CRAT missense variants cause abnormal carnitine acetyltransferase function in an early-onset case of Leigh syndrome.
carnitine o-acetyltransferase deficiency
Fatal ataxic encephalopathy and carnitine acetyltransferase deficiency: a functional defect of pyruvate oxidation?
Cholecystitis
[Mechanisms of reversibility of fatty degeneration]
Cholestasis
Inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase activities by bile acids in rat liver peroxisomes.
Coronary Artery Disease
Effect of serial infusions of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (CER-001) on coronary atherosclerosis: rationale and design of the CARAT study.
COVID-19
The COVID-19 Army Rapid Assessment Tool (CARAT) for Management of COVID-19 in the Deployed Setting.
Dental Calculus
Captures of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) and nontarget insects on red spheres versus yellow spheres and panels.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Carnitine acyltransferases and acyl-CoA hydrolases in human and rat liver.
Hepatomegaly
Comparative induction of cytochrome P450IVA1 and peroxisome proliferation by ciprofibrate in the rat and marmoset.
Hepatomegaly
Species differences in induction of hepatic enzymes by BM 17.0744, an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).
Hypersensitivity
MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation.
Hypersensitivity
Transfer of innovation on allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in the elderly (MACVIA-ARIA) - EIP on AHA Twinning Reference Site (GARD research demonstration project).
Hypertension
Carotid Arterial Calcium Scoring Using Upper Airway Computed Tomography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy as a Clinical Predictor of Cerebrocardiovascular Disease.
Infections
Candida albicans CTN gene family is induced during macrophage infection: homology, disruption and phenotypic analysis of CTN3 gene.
Infections
Peroxisomal carnitine acetyl transferase is required for elaboration of penetration hyphae during plant infection by Magnaporthe grisea.
Insulin Resistance
Carnitine acetyltransferase: A new player in skeletal muscle insulin resistance?
Insulin Resistance
Carnitine Orotate Complex Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis Through Carnitine Acetyltransferase Pathway.
Insulin Resistance
Retention of acetylcarnitine in chronic kidney disease causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
Intracranial Aneurysm
Predictors and outcomes of intraprocedural rupture in patients treated for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the CARAT study.
Ischemic Stroke
Measurement of platelet aggregation during antiplatelet therapy in ischemic stroke.
Keratosis
5-fluorouracil 0.5% cream for multiple actinic or solar keratoses of the face and anterior scalp.
Leigh Disease
CRAT missense variants cause abnormal carnitine acetyltransferase function in an early-onset case of Leigh syndrome.
Lung Neoplasms
Human calcitonin gene regulation by helix-loop-helix recognition sequences.
Metabolic Syndrome
Control of mitochondrial metabolism and systemic energy homeostasis by microRNAs 378 and 378.
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
Muscle carnitine acetyltransferase and carnitine deficiency in a case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Downregulation of carnitine acyltransferases and organic cation transporter OCTN2 in mononuclear cells in healthy elderly and patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Myocardial Infarction
Beneficial effects of tender coconut water against isoproterenol induced toxicity on heart mitochondrial activities in rats.
Neoplasms
Human calcitonin gene regulation by helix-loop-helix recognition sequences.
Neoplasms
Peroxisome-associated enzymes and serum lipids in tumour-bearing rats treated with peroxisome-proliferating agents.
Neoplasms
The tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate increases the activities of some peroxisome-associated enzymes in in vitro cell culture.
Obesity
Control of mitochondrial metabolism and systemic energy homeostasis by microRNAs 378 and 378.
Obesity
Obesity and lipid stress inhibit carnitine acetyltransferase activity.
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Muscle carnitine deficiency in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease.
Rhinitis
Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT): dissemination and applications in primary care.
Rhinitis
Transfer of innovation on allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in the elderly (MACVIA-ARIA) - EIP on AHA Twinning Reference Site (GARD research demonstration project).
Rhinitis
Use of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test and pulmonary function tests to assess asthma control in pregnancy.
Rhinitis, Allergic
Assessment of asthma control using CARAT in patients with and without Allergic Rhinitis: A pilot study in primary care.
Rhinitis, Allergic
Asthma and pregnancy in the 2020 decade: still a matter of concern.
Rhinitis, Allergic
Effect of nasal irrigation on allergic rhinitis control in children; complementarity between CARAT and MASK outcomes.
Rhinitis, Allergic
MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation.
Rhinitis, Allergic
The control of allergic rhinitis in real life: a multicenter cross-sectional Italian study.
Rhinitis, Allergic
The Measurement of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Control in Children and Adolescents.
Rhinitis, Allergic
Transfer of innovation on allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in the elderly (MACVIA-ARIA) - EIP on AHA Twinning Reference Site (GARD research demonstration project).
Rhinitis, Allergic
Use of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test and pulmonary function tests to assess asthma control in pregnancy.
Sepsis
Rat liver peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in sepsis.
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Human calcitonin gene regulation by helix-loop-helix recognition sequences.
Starvation
The effect of starvation on obese mice.
Stroke
Impact of a Computerized Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool on the Prescription of Thromboprophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation: Hospital Setting.
Stroke
Measurement of platelet aggregation during antiplatelet therapy in ischemic stroke.
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White, H.L.; Wu, J.C.
Choline and carnitine acetyltransferases of heart
Biochemistry
12
841-846
1973
Columba sp., Oryctolagus cuniculus, Homo sapiens
brenda
Bloisi, W.; Colombo, I.; Garavaglia, B.; Giardini, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Didonato, S.
Purification and properties of carnitine acetyltransferase from human liver
Eur. J. Biochem.
189
539-546
1990
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
brenda
Kispal, G.; Cseko, J.; Alkonyi, I.; Sandor, A.
Isolation and characterization of carnitine acetyltransferase from S. cerevisiae
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1085
217-222
1991
Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, Columba sp., Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Torulopsis bovina
brenda
Alhomida, A.S.
Inhibition studies of the carnitine acetyltransferase from skeletal muscle of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) by sulfhydryl reagents and metal ions
Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int.
39
923-931
1996
Camelus dromedarius, Columba sp., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Alhomida, A.S.; Al-Jafari, A.A.; Duhaiman, A.S.; Rabbani, N.; Junaid, M.A.
Kinetic properties of purified carnitine acetyltransferase from the skeletal muscle of Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Biochimie
78
204-208
1996
Camelus dromedarius, Columba sp., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
brenda
Alhomida, A.S.; Duhaiman, A.S.; Al-Jafari, A.A.; Junaid, M.A.
Purification of carnitine acetyltransferase from skeletal muscle of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Mol. Cell. Biochem.
165
95-101
1996
Bos taurus, Camelus dromedarius, Columba sp., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Jernejc, K.; Legisa, M.
Purification and properties of carnitine acetyltransferase from citric acid producing Aspergillus niger
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
60
151-158
1996
Aspergillus niger, Bos taurus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum, Candida tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Columba sp., Homo sapiens, Lipomyces starkeyi, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa
brenda
Kawachi, H.; Atomi, H.; Ueda, M.; Tanaka, A.
Peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferases of the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Candida tropicalis. Analysis of gene structure and translation products
Eur. J. Biochem.
238
845-852
1996
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, Columba sp., Homo sapiens
brenda
Sheridan, R.; Ratledge, C.
Changes in cell morphology and carnitine acetyltransferase activity in Candida albicans following growth on lipids and serum and after in vivo incubation in mice
Microbiology
142
3171-3180
1996
Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Homo sapiens
-
brenda
Brunner, S.; Kramar, K.; Denhardt, D.T.; Hofbauer, R.
Cloning and characterization of murine carnitine acetyltransferase: evidence for a requirement during cell cycle progression
Biochem. J.
322
403-410
1997
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Columba sp., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Mus musculus (P47934), Sus scrofa, Mus musculus S3T3(ATCC CCL-92)
-
brenda
Ramsay, R.R.
The carnitine acyltransferases: modulators of acyl-CoA-dependent reactions
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
28
182-186
2000
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Lian, W.; Govindasamy, L.; Gu, Y.; Kukar, T.; Agbandje-McKenna, M.; McKenna, R.; Wu, D.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies on recombinant human carnitine acetyltransferase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
58
1193-1194
2002
Columba sp., Homo sapiens
brenda
Jogl, G.; Tong, L.
Crystal structure of carnitine acetyltransferase and implications for the catalytic mechanism and fatty acid transport
Cell
112
113-122
2003
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Mus musculus (P47934)
brenda
Wu, D.; Govindasamy, L.; Lian, W.; Gu, Y.; Kukar, T.; Agbandje-McKenna, M.; McKenna, R.
Structure of human carnitine acetyltransferase. Molecular basis for fatty acyl transfer
J. Biol. Chem.
278
13159-13165
2003
Homo sapiens
brenda
Govindasamy, L.; Kukar, T.; Lian, W.; Pedersen, B.; Gu, Y.; Agbandje-McKenna, M.; Jin, S.; McKenna, R.; Wu, D.
Structural and mutational characterization of L-carnitine binding to human carnitine acetyltransferase
J. Struct. Biol.
146
416-424
2004
Homo sapiens (P43155), Homo sapiens
brenda
Ramsay, R.R.; Naismith, J.H.
A snapshot of carnitine acetyltransferase
Trends Biochem. Sci.
28
343-346
2003
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
brenda
En-Nosse, M.; Hartmann, S.; Trinkaus, K.; Alt, V.; Stigler, B.; Heiss, C.; Kilian, O.; Schnettler, R.; Lips, K.S.
Expression of non-neuronal cholinergic system in osteoblast-like cells and its involvement in osteogenesis
Cell Tissue Res.
338
203-215
2009
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (P47934), Mus musculus
brenda
Bailey, J.A.; Lahiri, D.K.
Chromatographic separation of reaction products from the choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase assay: differential ChAT and CrAT activity in brain extracts from Alzheimers disease versus controls
J. Neurochem.
122
672-680
2012
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Violante, S.; Ijlst, L.; Ruiter, J.; Koster, J.; van Lenthe, H.; Duran, M.; de Almeida, I.T.; Wanders, R.J.; Houten, S.M.; Ventura, F.V.
Substrate specificity of human carnitine acetyltransferase: Implications for fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1832
773-779
2013
Homo sapiens
brenda
Seiler, S.E.; Koves, T.R.; Gooding, J.R.; Wong, K.E.; Stevens, R.D.; Ilkayeva, O.R.; Wittmann, A.H.; DeBalsi, K.L.; Davies, M.N.; Lindeboom, L.; Schrauwen, P.; Schrauwen-Hinderling, V.B.; Muoio, D.M.
Carnitine acetyltransferase mitigates metabolic inertia and muscle fatigue during exercise
Cell Metab.
22
65-76
2015
Homo sapiens
brenda
Sharma, S.; Sun, X.; Agarwal, S.; Rafikov, R.; Dasarathy, S.; Kumar, S.; Black, S.
Role of carnitine acetyl transferase in regulation of nitric oxide signaling in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
14
255-272
2013
Homo sapiens
brenda
Berg, S.M.; Beck-Nielsen, H.; Faergeman, N.J.; Gaster, M.
Carnitine acetyltransferase A new player in skeletal muscle insulin resistance?
Biochem. Biophys. Rep.
9
47-50
2017
Homo sapiens (P43155), Homo sapiens
brenda
Laera, L.; Punzi, G.; Porcelli, V.; Gambacorta, N.; Trisolini, L.; Pierri, C.L.; De Grassi, A.
CRAT missense variants cause abnormal carnitine acetyltransferase function in an early-onset case of Leigh syndrome
Hum. Mutat.
41
110-114
2020
Homo sapiens (P43155), Homo sapiens
brenda