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Information on EC 2.3.1.16 - acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens

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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme, found in both eukaryotes and in prokaryotes, is involved in degradation pathways such as fatty acid beta-oxidation. The enzyme acts on 3-oxoacyl-CoAs to produce acetyl-CoA and an acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. The reaction starts with the acylation of a nucleophilic cysteine at the active site by a 3-oxoacyl-CoA, with the concomitant release of acetyl-CoA. In the second step the acyl group is transferred to CoA. Most enzymes have a broad substrate range for the 3-oxoacyl-CoA. cf. EC 2.3.1.9, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase.
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This record set is specific for:
Homo sapiens
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
hide(Overall reactions are displayed. Show all >>)
Synonyms
elovl6, elovl5, 3-ketoacyl-coa thiolase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase, acaa2, 3-ketothiolase, elovl-6, thiolase i, thiolase a, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
2-enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
3-KAT
-
-
3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
3-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase
-
-
-
-
3-ketoacyl coenzyme-A thiolase
-
-
3-ketoacyl thiolase
-
-
-
-
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
3-ketothiolase
-
-
-
-
3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
3-oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase
-
-
-
-
6-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
acetoacetyl-CoA beta-ketothiolase
-
-
-
-
acetyl-CoA acyltransferase
-
-
-
-
acyltransferase, acetyl coenzyme A
-
-
-
-
beta-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase
-
-
-
-
beta-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
beta-ketoadipyl coenzyme A thiolase
-
-
-
-
beta-ketoadipyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
beta-ketothiolase
-
-
-
-
KAT
-
-
-
-
ketoacyl-CoA acyltransferase
-
-
-
-
ketoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase
-
-
-
-
long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
mitochondrial 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase
-
-
-
-
pro-3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
SCP2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
-
-
-
thiloase B
-
-
-
-
thiolase A
-
-
-
-
thiolase I
-
-
-
-
thiolase II
-
-
-
-
thiolase III
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acyl group transfer
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
The enzyme, found in both eukaryotes and in prokaryotes, is involved in degradation pathways such as fatty acid beta-oxidation. The enzyme acts on 3-oxoacyl-CoAs to produce acetyl-CoA and an acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. The reaction starts with the acylation of a nucleophilic cysteine at the active site by a 3-oxoacyl-CoA, with the concomitant release of acetyl-CoA. In the second step the acyl group is transferred to CoA. Most enzymes have a broad substrate range for the 3-oxoacyl-CoA. cf. EC 2.3.1.9, acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9029-97-4
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 acetyl-CoA
CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
reaction of EC 2.3.1.9
-
-
r
3-oxodecanoyl-CoA + CoA
acetyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
degradation of 3-oxodecanoyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA by human mitochondrial 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, substrate binding mode and reaction mechanism, overview
-
-
?
acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
2 acetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 acetyl-CoA
CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
reaction of EC 2.3.1.9
-
-
r
acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
enzyme catalyses step of fatty acid beta-oxidation
-
-
?
CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA
2 acetyl-CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(1R',4S',6R')-(+)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
-
selective over other human ELOVL sub-types, good microsomal stability
(1R',4S',6R')-(+/-)-2-(butylsulfonyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
-
racemic mixture of endo-isomers, the exo isomers are inactive
(1R',4S',6R')-(+/-)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
-
racemic mixture of endo-isomers, the exo isomers are inactive
(1R',4S',6R')-(+/-)-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-(thiophen-3-ylsulfonyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
-
racemic mixture of endo-isomers, the exo isomers are inactive
3-(phenylsulfonyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
-
-
3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6,6-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
-
-
4-fluoro-N-[[2-oxo-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]benzamide
-
4-fluoro-N-[[2-oxo-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]benzamide
-
4-fluoro-N-[[2-oxo-6-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]benzamide
the S-isomer shows potent and selective inhibitory activity toward human ELOVL6
4-[4-[6,6-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzonitrile
-
-
6,6-dimethyl-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
-
-
6,6-dimethyl-3-[5-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
-
-
6,6-dimethyl-3-[5-methyl-3-oxo-1-[4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
-
-
6,6-dimethyl-3-[5-methyl-3-oxo-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
-
-
N-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
-
lead compound
N-[4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)phenyl]-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
-
-
N-[4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)phenyl]-3-(pyridin-2-ylsulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
-
excellent selectivity over the other human ELOVL subtypes, with IC50 above 5 microM for ELOVL1, -2, -3, and -5, selective against the hERG K+ channel
N-[[6-chloro-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]-4-fluorobenzamide
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ranolazine
-
-
trimetazidine
-
-
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0092
acetoacetyl-CoA
pH 7.0, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, degradative reaction
0.25
acetyl-CoA
pH 7.0, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, synthesis reaction
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
14.8
acetoacetyl-CoA
pH 7.0, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, degradative reaction
1.4
acetyl-CoA
pH 7.0, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, synthesis reaction
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00022
(1R',4S',6R')-(+)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.00012
(1R',4S',6R')-(+/-)-2-(butylsulfonyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.00007
(1R',4S',6R')-(+/-)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.000067
(1R',4S',6R')-(+/-)-N-[4-(propan-2-yloxy)phenyl]-2-(thiophen-3-ylsulfonyl)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-6-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.000032
3-(phenylsulfonyl)-N-[4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.000012
3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6,6-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.000026
4-fluoro-N-[[2-oxo-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]benzamide
Homo sapiens
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.000022
4-fluoro-N-[[2-oxo-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]benzamide
Homo sapiens
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.000004
4-fluoro-N-[[2-oxo-6-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]benzamide
Homo sapiens
pH 6.5, 37°C
0.000014
4-[4-[6,6-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzonitrile
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.00029
6,6-dimethyl-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.0000087
6,6-dimethyl-3-[5-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.00001
6,6-dimethyl-3-[5-methyl-3-oxo-1-[4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.0000089
6,6-dimethyl-3-[5-methyl-3-oxo-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.00175
N-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.000078
N-[4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)phenyl]-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.000079
N-[4-(1,1-difluoroethyl)phenyl]-3-(pyridin-2-ylsulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxamide
Homo sapiens
-
-
0.000026
N-[[6-chloro-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-yl]methyl]-4-fluorobenzamide
Homo sapiens
pH 6.5, 37°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
8
thiolase reaction
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
25
assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
the rate-limiting steps are different in the degradative and biosynthetic thiolases. Thiolases share a structurally conserved thiolase core domain composed of topologically similar N-terminal and C-terminal subdomains and a more variable loop domain with structural features involved in the tetramerization and substrate specificity
physiological function
additional information
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
THIK_HUMAN
424
0
44292
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
ECHB_HUMAN
474
0
51294
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
SCP2_HUMAN
547
0
58994
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 5)
THIM_HUMAN
397
0
41924
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 3)
B2R761_HUMAN
547
0
59022
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A384NY87_HUMAN
547
0
58994
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
ELOV6_HUMAN
265
6
31376
Swiss-Prot
-
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
homotetramer
thiolases share a structurally conserved thiolase core domain composed of topologically similar N-terminal and C-terminal subdomains and a more variable loop domain with structural features involved in the tetramerization and substrate specificity
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
purified recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes in apoform and in complex with CoA, hanging drop vapour diffusion method, mixing of 0.002 ml of 4.4 mg/ml protein in 25 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 1 mM DTT, with 0.002 ml of reservoir solution containing 100 mM MES, pH 6.6, or MOPS, pH 7.2, and 14-15% PEG MME 5000, equilibration against 1 ml of reservoir solution, 22°C, method optimization, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.0-3.3 A resolution, modeling
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
C382A
site-directed mutagenesis
C92A
site-directed mutagenesis
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration, tag cleavage by thrombin
trifunctional enzyme: 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene ACAA2, recombinant expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
-
3-ketoacyl coenzyme-A thiolase inhibition could be a treatment for patients with heart failure
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Middleton, B.
The mitochondrial long-chain trifunctional enzyme: 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
22
427-431
1994
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Carpenter, K.; Pollitt, R.J.; Middleton, B.
A unique, membrane-bound, multifunctional enzyme from human liver mitochondria catalysing three steps of fatty acid beta-oxidation
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
21
35S
1992
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Fragasso, G.; Spoladore, R.; Cuko, A.; Palloshi, A.
Modulation of fatty acids oxidation in heart failure by selective pharmacological inhibition of 3-ketoacyl coenzyme-A thiolase
Curr. Clin. Pharmacol.
2
190-196
2007
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sasaki, T.; Nagase, T.; Takahashi, T.; Nagumo, A.; Shimamura, K.; Miyamoto, Y.; Kitazawa, H.; Kanesaka, M.; Yoshimoto, R.; Aragane, K.; Tokita, S.; Sato, N.
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane class of long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) inhibitors
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
17
5639-5647
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Takahashi, T.; Nagase, T.; Sasaki, T.; Nagumo, A.; Shimamura, K.; Miyamoto, Y.; Kitazawa, H.; Kanesaka, M.; Yoshimoto, R.; Aragane, K.; Tokita, S.; Sato, N.
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel indoledione class of long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) inhibitors
J. Med. Chem.
52
3142-3145
2009
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Nagase, T.; Takahashi, T.; Sasaki, T.; Nagumo, A.; Shimamura, K.; Miyamoto, Y.; Kitazawa, H.; Kanesaka, M.; Yoshimoto, R.; Aragane, K.; Tokita, S.; Sato, N.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel 3-sulfonyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane class of long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) inhibitors
J. Med. Chem.
52
4111-4114
2009
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mizutani, T.; Ishikawa, S.; Nagase, T.; Takahashi, H.; Fujimura, T.; Sasaki, T.; Nagumo, A.; Shimamura, K.; Miyamoto, Y.; Kitazawa, H.; Kanesaka, M.; Yoshimoto, R.; Aragane, K.; Tokita, S.; Sato, N.
Discovery of novel benzoxazinones as potent and orally active long chain fatty acid elongase 6 inhibitors
J. Med. Chem.
52
7289-7300
2009
Homo sapiens (Q9H5J4), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kiema, T.R.; Harijan, R.K.; Strozyk, M.; Fukao, T.; Alexson, S.E.; Wierenga, R.K.
The crystal structure of human mitochondrial 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (T1): insight into the reaction mechanism of its thiolase and thioesterase activities
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D
70
3212-3225
2014
Homo sapiens (P42765), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Choi, S.; Pfleger, J.; Jeon, Y.; Yang, Z.; He, M.; Shin, H.; Sayed, D.; Astrof, S.; Abdellatif, M.
Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 selectively associate with H2A.Z-occupied promoters and are required for histone modifications
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1862
194436
2019
Homo sapiens (P42765), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q8BWT1), Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team