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Information on EC 1.5.1.15 - methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) and Organism(s) Homo sapiens

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Homo sapiens
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
mthfr, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, nmdmc, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, mthfr1, mthfr2, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase, msmeg_6596, msmeg_6649, nad-dependent dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5,10-CH2-THF dehydrogenase
-
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
-
-
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase
-
methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
-
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
-
-
Mg2+-/phosphate-dependent dehydrogenase
-
-
MTHFR
-
-
additional information
-
cf. EC 1.5.1.20
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
82062-90-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP+
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+
show the reaction diagram
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate + NAD+
5,10-methenyltetrahydropteroylglutamate + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate + NADP+
5,10-methenyltetrahydropteroylglutamate + NADPH + H+
show the reaction diagram
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate + NAD+
5,10-methenyltetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate + NADP+
5,10-methenyltetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate + NADPH + H+
show the reaction diagram
L-5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate + NADH
L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
r
L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+
5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADP+
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+
show the reaction diagram
L-5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate + NADH
L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
r
L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+
5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in folate metabolism playing a major role in provision of methyl groups for DNA methylation and in production of dTMP for DNA synthesis
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NADP+
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(2S)-2-[[4-[(6aR)-3-amino-1,9-dioxo-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-f]pteridin-8-yl]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
i.e. LY345899
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
phosphate
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.123 - 0.133
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate
0.302 - 0.359
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate
0.0046 - 0.005
L-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
0.096
methenyltetrahydrofolate
-
-
0.171 - 0.18
Mg2+
0.132 - 3.88
NAD+
0.255 - 2.12
NADP+
0.19
phosphate
-
-
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1.5 - 12.4
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate
6.4 - 15.4
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
12 - 93
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylglutamate
21 - 43
5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.0003
0.0005
-
human liver tumor
0.0012
-
cell line Hl-60
0.0015
-
cell line HEP-2
0.0024
-
cell line M4, human cutaneous melanoma
0.0027
-
cell line MCF-7, 100% confluent
0.0028
-
cell line KB
0.0031
-
cell line K562, human chronic myeolcytic leukemia
0.0033
-
cell line TL3, EBV-transformed
0.0035
-
cell line MCF-7, 50% confluent
0.004
-
cell line CCRF-CEM
0.0042
-
cell line HCT-8R, human intestinal carcinoma
0.0046
-
cell line TL4, EBV-transformed
0.0047
-
cell line MG-63, human osteosarcoma
0.0049
-
cell line BeWo, human choriocarcinoma
0.005
-
cell line Raji, Burkitt lymphoma
0.0055
-
cell line MNNG/HOS, human osteosarcoma
0.0063
-
cell line MOLT-4
0.0069
-
cell line MCF-7, human breast carcinoma
0.0078
-
cell line CCRF-CEM, human leukemia
0.024
mutant D190E, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
0.156
mutant R198A, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
0.16
mutant D133A, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
0.17
mutant R198A, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
0.207
mutant R198S, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
0.392
mutant D133A, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
1.01
mutant D133S, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
1.24
mutant R198K, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
1.54
mutant R198S, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
12.6
mutant R198K, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
2 - 2.5
wild-type, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
2.92
wild-type, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
3.64
mutant D190N, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
3.96
mutant D190N, cosubstrate NADP+, pH 7.3
3.99
mutant D133S, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
4.6
mutant D133N, cosubstrate NAD+, pH 7.3
4.7
-
osteosarcoma
40 - 44
-
-
6.9
-
breast carcinoma
7.8
-
leukemia
8.9
-
adenocarcinoma
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
highly expressed in many cancer types
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
both Mthfd2 and Mthfd2l are expressed during embryogenesis but differ in timing of expression. Mthfd2l expression is low in early developmental stages but begins to increase at embryonic day 10.5 and remains elevated through birth while Mthfd2 is expressed more abundantly during early developmental stages and begins to taper off, with little or no expression observed in most adult tissues
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
cell line TL3and TL4, EBV-transformed
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
upregulation and overexpression in cancer cells
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
MTD2L_HUMAN
347
0
37315
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
MTDC_HUMAN
350
0
37895
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37000
-
-
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
construction of homology model
crystal structure of the enzyme (MTHFD2) in complex with a substrate-based inhibitor and the enzyme cofactors NAD+ and inorganic phosphate
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
C677T
-
one of several polymorphisms, leads to increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, determination of genotypes in liver transplant patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma and in healthy persons
D133A
cosubstrate NAD+, 1.7% of wild-type activity, cosubstrate NADP+, 5.5% of wild-type activity
D133E
no enzymic activity
D133N
cosubstrate NAD+, 20.4% of wild-type activity, cosubstrate NADP+, 82.2% of wild-type activity
D133S
cosubstrate NAD+, 17.8% of wild-type activity, cosubstrate NADP+, 34.5% of wild-type activity
D190A
no enzymic activity
D190E
cosubstrate NAD+, 1% of wild-type activity
D190N
cosubstrate NAD+, 16% of wild-type activity
D190S
no enzymic activity
R166A
no enzymic activity
R166K
no enzymic activity
R166S
no enzymic activity
R198A
cosubstrate NAD+, 0.7% of wild-type activity, cosubstrate NADP+, 5.3% of wild-type activity
R198K
cosubstrate NAD+, 56% of wild-type activity, cosubstrate NADP+, 42% of wild-type activity
R198S
cosubstrate NAD+, 0.9% of wild-type activity, cosubstrate NADP+, 53% of wild-type activity
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-80°C, enzyme is stable in 20-30% glycerol buffer and can be frozen for months without loss of activity
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant enzyme, expressed in Escherichia coli
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
6His-tagged enzyme is expressed in Escherichia coli
cloned cDNA for the human enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli K-38
-
expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
recombinant enzyme, expressed in Escherichia coli
-
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
upregulation and overexpression in cancer cells
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
the enzyme (MTHFD2) is highly relevant as an anticancer target
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Mejia, N.; Mackenzie, R.E.
NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is expressed by immortal cells
J. Biol. Chem.
260
14616-14620
1985
Cricetulus griseus, Cricetus cricetus, Homo sapiens, Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mackenzie, R.E.; Mejia, N.; Yang, X.M.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenases in normal and transformed mammalian cells
Adv. Enzyme Regul.
27
31-39
1988
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Barlowe, C.K.; Appling, D.R.
Isolation and characterization of a novel eukaryotic monofunctional NAD+-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
Biochemistry
29
7089-7094
1990
Acetobacterium woodii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium formicaceticum, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae KSY8
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Smith, G.K.; Banks, S.D.; Monaco, T.J.; Rigual, R.; Duch, D.S.; Mullin, R.J.; Huber, B.E.
Activity of an NAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in normal tissue, neoplastic cells, and oncogene-transformed cells
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
283
367-371
1990
Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus norvegicus Fischer
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Peri, K.G.; Mackenzie, R.E.
NAD(+)-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase: detection of the mRNA in normal murine tissues and transcriptional regulation of the gene in cell lines
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1171
281-287
1993
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Price, B.D.; Laughon, A.
The isolation and characterization of a Drosophila gene encoding a putative NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1173
94-98
1993
Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yang, X.M.; Mackenzie, R.E.
NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase is the mammalian homolog of the mitochondrial enzyme encoded by the yeast MIS1 gene
Biochemistry
32
11118-11123
1993
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tremblay, G.B.; Sohi, S.S.; Retnakaran, A.; Mackenzie, R.E.
NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase is targeted to the cytoplasm in insect cell lines
FEBS Lett.
368
177-182
1995
Antheraea eucalypti, Choristoneura fumiferana, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Malacosoma disstria, Mus musculus, Spodoptera frugiperda
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Appling, D.R.; West, M.G.
Monofunctional NAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Methods Enzymol.
281
178-188
1997
Acetobacterium woodii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium formicaceticum, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mackenzie, R.E.
Mitochondrial NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
Methods Enzymol.
281
171-177
1997
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Spodoptera frugiperda
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Patel, H.; Christensen, K.E.; Mejia, N.; Mackenzie, R.E.
Mammalian mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
403
145-148
2002
Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Saffroy, R.; Pham, P.; Chiappini, F.; Gross-Goupil, M.; Castera, L.; Azoulay, D.; Barrier, A.; Samuel, D.; Debuire, B.; Lemoine, A.
The MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
Carcinogenesis
25
1443-1448
2004
Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Christensen, K.E.; Mirza, I.A.; Berghuis, A.M.; Mackenzie, R.E.
Magnesium and phosphate ions enable NAD binding to methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
J. Biol. Chem.
280
34316-34323
2005
Homo sapiens (P13995), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Shin, M.; Momb, J.; Appling, D.R.
Human mitochondrial MTHFD2 is a dual redox cofactor-specific methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase
Cancer Metab.
5
11
2017
Homo sapiens (P13995), Homo sapiens (Q9H903)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gustafsson, R.; Jemth, A.S.; Gustafsson, N.M.; Faernegardh, K.; Loseva, O.; Wiita, E.; Bonagas, N.; Dahllund, L.; Llona-Minguez, S.; Haeggblad, M.; Henriksson, M.; Andersson, Y.; Homan, E.; Helleday, T.; Stenmark, P.
Crystal structure of the emerging cancer target MTHFD2 in complex with a substrate-based inhibitor
Cancer Res.
77
937-948
2017
Homo sapiens (P13995)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hitzel, J.; Lee, E.; Zhang, Y.; Bibli, S.I.; Li, X.; Zukunft, S.; Pflueger, B.; Hu, J.; Schuermann, C.; Vasconez, A.E.; Oo, J.A.; Kratzer, A.; Kumar, S.; Rezende, F.; Josipovic, I.; Thomas, D.; Giral, H.; Schreiber, Y.; Geisslinger, G.; Fork, C.; Yang, X.; Sigala, F.; Romanoski, C.E.; Kroll, J.; Jo, H.; Lan, L.a.n.d.
Oxidized phospholipids regulate amino acid metabolism through MTHFD2 to facilitate nucleotide release in endothelial cells
Nat. Commun.
9
2292
2018
Homo sapiens (P13995)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team