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(2R,3E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-ol + O2
(3E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one + H2O2
4% conversion, 2% enantiomeric excess
-
-
?
(2R,3E)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ol + O2
(3E)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-one + H2O2
10% conversion, 10% enantiomeric excess
-
-
?
(2R,3E)-4-(4-methylphenyl)but-3-en-2-ol + O2
(3E)-4-(4-methylphenyl)but-3-en-2-one + H2O2
13% conversion, 14% enantiomeric excess
-
-
?
(2R,3E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-ol + O2
(3E)-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one + H2O2
29% conversion, 25% enantiomeric excess
-
-
?
(2R,3E)-oct-3-en-2-ol + O2
(3E)-oct-3-en-2-one + H2O2
16% conversion, 19% enantiomeric excess
-
-
?
(R)-1-phenylethanol + O2
acetophenone + H2O2
-
-
-
?
(S)-1-phenylethanol + O2
acetophenone + H2O2
-
-
-
?
1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanethiol + O2
1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane-1-thione + (R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanethiol
-
-
-
?
1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanethiol + O2
1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethane-1-thione + (R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanethiol
-
-
-
?
1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanethiol + O2
1-(4-methylphenyl)ethane-1-thione + (R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanethiol
-
-
-
?
1-phenylethanethiol + O2
1-phenylethane-1-thione + (R)-1-phenylethanethiol
-
-
-
?
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
2,5-diformylfuran + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid + ?
2,5-diformylfuran + O2
formylfurancarboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
2,5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid + O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
very low activity
-
-
?
3-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
3-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
4-(hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde + O2 + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
4-anisaldehyde + O2
4-anisic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
4-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
4-methoxybenzyl aldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + O2
2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + ?
very low activity
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid + ?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + O2
furan-2-carbaldehyde-5-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + ?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + H2O2
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + O2
benzaldehyde + H2O2
cinnamyl alcohol + O2
cinnamaldehyde + H2O2
formylfurancarboxylic acid + O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde
-
-
-
?
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + O2
furan-2-carbaldehyde-5-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
furan-2-carbaldehyde-5-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
terephthaldehyde + O2 + H2O
?
-
-
-
?
vanillyl alcohol + O2
vanillin + H2O2
veratryl alcohol + O2
veratryl aldehyde + H2O2
additional information
?
-
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
ir
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
2,5-diformylfuran + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
2,5-diformylfuran + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
3-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
3-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
3-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
3-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
4-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol + O2
4-methoxybenzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
spontaneous formation of 5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate from 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
spontaneous formation of 5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate from 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
overall reaction
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
overall reaction. the enzyme is involved in degradation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
overall reaction
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
-
overall reaction
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
overall reaction
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
the enzyme is involved in the degradation and detoxification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
spontaneous formation of 5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde from furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
spontaneous formation of 5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde from furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + ?
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + O2
benzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + O2
benzaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
benzyl alcohol + O2
benzaldehyde + H2O2
19% conversion
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + O2
cinnamaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
cinnamyl alcohol + O2
cinnamaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
vanillyl alcohol + O2
vanillin + H2O2
-
-
-
?
vanillyl alcohol + O2
vanillin + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
veratryl alcohol + O2
veratryl aldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
veratryl alcohol + O2
veratryl aldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is active on short-chain alkane diols and glycerol, and aryl alcohols, with similar specific activity values. Highest specific activity is observed on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Galactose and galactosylated oligosaccharides are poor substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme displays weak activity on carbohydrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme displays weak activity on carbohydrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has a broad substrate range that overlaps with EC 1.1.3.7, aryl-alcohol oxidase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme has a broad substrate range that overlaps with EC 1.1.3.7, aryl-alcohol oxidase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
for sec-allylic alcohol substrates, exclusively oxidation of the allylic alcohol to the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone is observed. The reaction is enantioselective for the R-enantiomer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the ability of fungal aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) to oxidize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) results in almost complete conversion into 2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid (FFCA) in a few hours. The reaction starts with alcohol oxidation, yielding 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), which is rapidly converted into FFCA by carbonyl oxidation, most probably without leaving the enzyme active site. AAO is combined with an unspecific peroxygenase, UPO, EC 1.11.2.1, from Agrocybe aegerita for full oxidative conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in an enzymatic cascade. This peroxygenase belongs to the recently described superfamily of hemethiolate peroxidases, and is capable of incorporating peroxide-borne oxygen into diverse substrate molecules. In contrast to AAO, the UPO reaction starts with oxidation of the HMF carbonyl group, yielding 2,5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic, which is converted into 2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid and some 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme AAO is also able to oxidize some furanic compounds such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), it has very low activity on 2,5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid, no activity with 2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid. NMR analysis of the compounds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
for complete oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, the rate-limiting step lies in the final oxidation of the intermediate 5-formyl-furancarboxylic acid to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. Wild-type AAO is not able to catalyze 5-formyl-furancarboxylic acid oxidation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
major reaction product of the cascade is furan-2-carbaldehyde-5-carboxylate. The oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural is significantly boosted in the presence of catalase, leading to 70% yield
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
major reaction product of the cascade is furan-2-carbaldehyde-5-carboxylate. The oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural is significantly boosted in the presence of catalase, leading to 70% yield
-
-
-
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2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde + O2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate + O2
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate + H2O
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde + H2O
5-(dihydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the ability of fungal aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) to oxidize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) results in almost complete conversion into 2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid (FFCA) in a few hours. The reaction starts with alcohol oxidation, yielding 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), which is rapidly converted into FFCA by carbonyl oxidation, most probably without leaving the enzyme active site. AAO is combined with an unspecific peroxygenase, UPO, EC 1.11.2.1, from Agrocybe aegerita for full oxidative conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in an enzymatic cascade. This peroxygenase belongs to the recently described superfamily of hemethiolate peroxidases, and is capable of incorporating peroxide-borne oxygen into diverse substrate molecules. In contrast to AAO, the UPO reaction starts with oxidation of the HMF carbonyl group, yielding 2,5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic, which is converted into 2,5-formylfurancarboxylic acid and some 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
-
-
?
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
ir
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
2,5-diformylfuran + 2 O2
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
overall reaction. the enzyme is involved in degradation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
overall reaction
-
-
?
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
furan-2,5-dicarboxylate + 3 H2O2
the enzyme is involved in the degradation and detoxification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxymethylfurfural + O2
2,5-diformylfuran + H2O2
-
-
-
?
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20 - 98
(S)-1-phenylethanol
3.3 - 10
2,5-diformylfuran
6.5 - 6.7
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
0.15
4-(Hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.2 - 2
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
0.028 - 59
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
3.1 - 42
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
0.63 - 21.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
0.61 - 1.4
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
-
0.21 - 4
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
1.6 - 53
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
0.18 - 38.9
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
0.085
terephthaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.8
Vanillyl alcohol
-
pH 7, 25°C
20
(S)-1-phenylethanol
mutant enzyme W466A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
98
(S)-1-phenylethanol
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
3.3
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 6.0, 25°C
3.7
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 7.5, 25°C
10
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 7.5, 25°C
6.5
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
6.7
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.2
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.28
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V367R, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.29
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V367K, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.72
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.82
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme H467A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.92
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V465A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W466A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.1
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W369A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.2
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme F434A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.8
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme M103A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
2
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme N511A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.028
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 6 mM formylfurancarboxylic acid
0.031
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 15 mM H2O2
0.0318
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C
0.0335
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 1 mM H2O2
0.038
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 0.8 mM formylfurancarboxylic acid
51
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
59
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
3.1
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 7.5, 25°C
4.4
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 7.5, 25°C
26.9
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
wild-type, pH 7,25°C
27
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y334F, pH 7,25°C
42
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y334W, pH 7,25°C
0.63
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
mutant I73V/H74Y/G356H/V367L/T414K/A419Y/A435E, pH 8.0, 25°C
1.4
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 8.0, 25°C
1.4
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 7.0, 25°C
1.5 - 2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
wild-type, pH 8.0, 25°C
5.1
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
pH 7, 25°C
5.87
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 6, 30°C
6.35
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 6, 30°C
9.1
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 7, 25°C
21.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.61
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
pH 6, 30°C
-
1.4
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
pH 6, 30°C
-
0.21
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme V367R/W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.6
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.7
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
pH 7, 25°C
1.4
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme V367R, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
3
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
4
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
Km above 4.0 mM, wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.6
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 6.0, 25°C
1.6
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
wild-type, pH 6, 25°C
6.5
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
wild-type, pH 7,25°C
12.4
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant H91N/L170M/F501W, pH 6, 25°C
13
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant H91N/L170M, pH 6, 25°C
14
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 7.5, 25°C
14
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant Y334F, pH 7,25°C
17
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 7.5, 25°C
53
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant Y334W, pH 7,25°C
30
benzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
86
benzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.18
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 6, 30°C
0.21
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 6, 30°C
1.7
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
4.8
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
pH 7, 25°C
6.8
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 7, 25°C
38.9
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
pH 7, 25°C
3
veratryl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
3.7
veratryl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
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0.01 - 0.011
(S)-1-phenylethanol
1.4 - 31.4
2,5-diformylfuran
34 - 52
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
8.6
4-(Hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.11 - 0.12
4-anisaldehyde
0.0047 - 21
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
1.03 - 108
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
3.7 - 28.3
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
0.24 - 13.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
0.04 - 2
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
-
0.002 - 0.46
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
0.67 - 201
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
0.01 - 4.8
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
1.3
terephthaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
1
Vanillyl alcohol
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.01
(S)-1-phenylethanol
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.011
(S)-1-phenylethanol
mutant enzyme W466A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.4
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 7.5, 25°C
3.6
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 7.5, 25°C
31.4
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 6.0, 25°C
34
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
52
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.11
4-anisaldehyde
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 1 mM H2O2
0.11
4-anisaldehyde
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 15 mM H2O2
0.12
4-anisaldehyde
pH 6, 25°C
0.0047
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme H467A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.75
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W466A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme N511A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.5
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V465A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.7
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
3.3
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme M103A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
4.3
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W369A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
5.1
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V367K, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
6
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V367R, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
15
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme F434A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
21
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.03
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 6 mM formylfurancarboxylic acid
1.32
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 0.8 mM formylfurancarboxylic acid
32
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
34
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
97
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 15 mM H2O2
104
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 1 mM H2O2
108
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C
3.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y334W, pH 7,25°C
3.8
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 7.5, 25°C
5.2
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 7.5, 25°C
15.4
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y334F, pH 7,25°C
28.3
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
wild-type, pH 7,25°C
0.24
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.56
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 6, 30°C
0.75
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 6, 30°C
1
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
pH 7, 25°C
1.38
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 7, 25°C
9.9
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 8.0, 25°C
9.9
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 7.0, 25°C
11.8
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
mutant I73V/H74Y/G356H/V367L/T414K/A419Y/A435E, pH 8.0, 25°C
13.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
wild-type, pH 8.0, 25°C
0.04
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
pH 6, 30°C
-
2
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
pH 6, 30°C
-
0.002
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.008
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.056
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme V367R, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.079
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.46
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme V367R/W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.67
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
wild-type, pH 6, 25°C
6.8
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant H91N/L170M, pH 6, 25°C
18.8
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant H91N/L170M/F501W, pH 6, 25°C
20.1
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 6.0, 25°C
26
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 7.5, 25°C
29
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 7.5, 25°C
71
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant Y334W, pH 7,25°C
126
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
wild-type, pH 7,25°C
201
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant Y334F, pH 7,25°C
31
benzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
37
benzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.01
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.017
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.1
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 7, 25°C
1.28
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 6, 30°C
1.6
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
4.8
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 6, 30°C
25
veratryl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
41
veratryl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
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0.0001 - 0.00055
(S)-1-phenylethanol
0.157 - 0.38
2,5-diformylfuran
0.0167
2,5-hydroxymethylfurancarboxylic acid
pH 6.0, 25°C
5.1 - 8
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
57
4-(Hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.0057 - 29
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
0.29 - 3390
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
0.0167 - 1.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
0.047 - 18.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
0.072 - 1.44
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
-
0.001 - 2.2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
0.215 - 19.4
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
0.0025 - 23.4
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
15
terephthaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
1.3
Vanillyl alcohol
-
pH 7, 25°C
8.3 - 11
veratryl alcohol
0.0001
(S)-1-phenylethanol
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.00055
(S)-1-phenylethanol
mutant enzyme W466A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.157
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 6.0, 25°C
0.36
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.38
2,5-diformylfuran
pH 7.5, 25°C
5.1
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
8
3-Methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.0057
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme H467A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.55
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme N511A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.75
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W466A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.6
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V465A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
1.8
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme M103A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
3.9
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W369A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
8.5
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
12
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme F434A, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
18
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V367K, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
21
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
mutant enzyme V367R, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
29
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.29
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.54
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
2080
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 0.8 mM formylfurancarboxylic acid
2250
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 6 mM formylfurancarboxylic acid
3100
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 1 mM H2O2
3120
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C, presence of 15 mM H2O2
3390
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
pH 6, 25°C
0.0167
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 6.0, 25°C
0.088
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y334W, pH 7,25°C
0.57
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
mutant Y334F, pH 7,25°C
0.86
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 7.5, 25°C
1.1
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
wild-type, pH 7,25°C
1.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.047
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.05
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.096
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 6, 30°C
0.118
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 6, 30°C
0.15
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 7, 25°C
7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 7.0, 25°C
7.1
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
pH 8.0, 25°C
9
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
wild-type, pH 8.0, 25°C
18.7
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural
mutant I73V/H74Y/G356H/V367L/T414K/A419Y/A435E, pH 8.0, 25°C
0.072
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
pH 6, 30°C
-
1.44
5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid
pH 6, 30°C
-
0.001
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
pH 7, 25°C
0.0015
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.0023
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.005
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.026
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.041
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme V367R, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
2.2
5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate
mutant enzyme V367R/W466F, at pH 7.5 and 25°C
0.215
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 6.0, 25°C
0.42
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
wild-type, pH 6, 25°C
0.52
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant H91N/L170M, pH 6, 25°C
1.34
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant Y334W, pH 7,25°C
1.5
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 7.5, 25°C
1.51
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant H91N/L170M/F501W, pH 6, 25°C
2.1
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
pH 7.5, 25°C
14.4
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
mutant Y334F, pH 7,25°C
19.4
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
wild-type, pH 7,25°C
0.43
benzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
1
benzyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
3
cinnamyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
3.2
cinnamyl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.0025
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.003
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
-
pH 7, 25°C
0.015
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 7, 25°C
0.94
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 7.0, 25°C
7.268
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 6, 30°C
23.4
furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde
pH 6, 30°C
8.3
veratryl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
11
veratryl alcohol
pH 7.5, 25°C
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Y334F
mutant exhibits specific activities comparable to the wild-type for carbohydrates, diols, aryl alcohols, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid
Y334W
mutant exhibits increased specific activity toward carbohydrates and decreased activity toward diols, aryl alcohols, and furans
Y334F
-
mutant exhibits specific activities comparable to the wild-type for carbohydrates, diols, aryl alcohols, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid
-
Y334W
-
mutant exhibits increased specific activity toward carbohydrates and decreased activity toward diols, aryl alcohols, and furans
-
F434A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
I73V/H74Y/G356H/V367L/T414K/A419Y/A435E
most thermostable variant isolated with an improvement of melting temperature of 12 degrees compared to wild-type
I73V/H74Y/G356H/V367R/T414K/A419Y/A435E/W466F
introduction of mutation W466F to mutant I73V/H74Y/G356H/V367L/T414K/A419Y/A435E leads to a decrease in thermostability but improved synthesis of furan-2,5-dicarboxylate. At 25°C, an almost full conversion in 24 h can be achieved
M103A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
N511A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
synthesis
expression of HMFO and HMF/furfural oxidoreductase HmfH from Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 in Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60 results in an increase in 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production from 51.0 to 93.6 mM, and the molar conversion ratio of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid increases from 51.0 to 93.6%
V367
the mutant shows increased activity with 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate compared to the wild type enzyme
V367K
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
V465A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
V465T/W466H
significant improvement of conversion rate
W369A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
W466A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
W466F
the mutant shows increased activity with 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate compared to the wild type enzyme
F397Y
mutant shows improved production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, with 70% yield
F501H
mutant shows improved production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, with 97% yield
H91N/L170M
mutant with increased activity on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oxidation products
H91N/L170M/F501W
mutant with increased activity on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oxidation products
H91N/L170M/I500M/F501W
mutant with increased activity on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oxidation products
I500M
mutant shows improved production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, with 80% yield
I500M/F501 W
mutant shows improved production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, reaching a total turnover number over 16,000 in presence of 15 mM 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
H467A
catalysis of the mutant enzyme is severely reduced compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. With vanillyl alcohol as the substrate, the kcat value of the mutant enzyme is 4400 times lower than that of the wild-type enzyme
H467A
the mutant shows reduced activity with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol compared to the wild type enzyme
V367R/W466F
the mutant shows strongly increased activity with 5-formylfuran-2-carboxylate compared to the wild type enzyme
V367R/W466F
significant improvement of conversion rate
V465S
significant improvement of conversion rate
V465S
the active site is additionally enlarged by a Thr residue. This residue establishes a hydrogen-bonding interaction with the substrates and allows for enantioselective oxidation of a range of sec-thiols
V465T
significant improvement of conversion rate and enantioselectivity with sec-allylic alcohols
V465T
the active site is additionally enlarged by a Thr residue. This residue establishes a hydrogen-bonding interaction with the substrates and allows for enantioselective oxidation of a range of sec-thiols
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biotechnology
development of a facile gene shuffling approach to rapidly combine stabilizing mutations in a one-pot reaction. This allows the identification of the optimal combination of several beneficial mutations. The approach quickly discriminates stable and active multi-site variants, making it a very useful addition to FRESCO (framework for rapid enzyme stabilization by computational libraries) method
biofuel production
current large-scale pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass are generally accompanied by the formation of toxic degradation products, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which inhibit cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation by ethanol-producing yeast. Overcoming these toxic effects is a key technical barrier in the biochemical conversion of plant biomass to biofuels. Pleurotus ostreatus, a white-rot fungus, can efficiently degrade lignocellulose, and it can tolerate and metabolize HMF involving HMF oxidase (HMFO) encoded by HmfH
biofuel production
-
current large-scale pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass are generally accompanied by the formation of toxic degradation products, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which inhibit cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation by ethanol-producing yeast. Overcoming these toxic effects is a key technical barrier in the biochemical conversion of plant biomass to biofuels. Pleurotus ostreatus, a white-rot fungus, can efficiently degrade lignocellulose, and it can tolerate and metabolize HMF involving HMF oxidase (HMFO) encoded by HmfH
-
synthesis
biocatalytic production of furan-2,5-dicarboxylate, a biobased platform chemical for the production of polymers
synthesis
AAO is able to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from formylfurancarboxylic acid, allowing full oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. During 5-hydroxymethylfurfural reactions, an inhibitory effect of the H2O2 produced in the first two oxidation steps is the cause of the lack of AAO activity on formylfurancarboxylic acid. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is successfully converted into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid when the AAO reaction is carried out in the presence of catalase
synthesis
biooxidation of benzylic alcohols in the presence of various organic (co)solvents. The enzyme activity decreases at elevated concentrations of water-miscible polar solvents, while the presence of (halogenated) hydrocarbons is tolerated up to 90% (v/v), which leads to drastically improved conversions of up to >99% in case of hexafluorobenzene. This effect is correlated with the improved solubility of O2 in the employed solvents
synthesis
enantioselective oxidation of sec-allylic alcohols using variants of the berberine bridge enzyme analogue from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtBBE15) and the 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural oxidase (HMFO) and its variants V465T, V465S, V465T/W466H and V367R/W466F. The enantioselectivity can be tuned by applying either pressure or by the addition of cosolvents
synthesis
expression of HMFO in Pseudomonas putida S12 for the biocatalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to FDCA. 35.7 mM 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is produced from 50 mM 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in 24 h without notable inhibition. When the initial 5-ydroxymethylfurfural concentration is elevated to 100 mM, remarkable inhibition on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production is observed. Increasing the inoculum density solves the substrate inhibition. Using a fed-batch strategy, 545 mM of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid can be accumulatively produced after 72 h
synthesis
HMFO is used to convert 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran and 5-formylfuroic acid (FFA), which is consecutively transformed to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid by lipase Novozym 435. To facilitate the purification, a coupled alkali precipitation was developed to recover 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from organic solvent with an improved purity from 84.4 to 99.0% and recovery of 78.1%
synthesis
one-pot synthetic pathway to yield 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from furfural. An oxidase and a prenylated flavin mononucleotide-dependent reversible decarboxylase, catalyze furfural oxidation and carboxylation of 2-furoic acid, respectively. The reversible decarboxylase is identified in Paraburkholderia fungorum KK1, whereas hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase from Methylovorus sp. MP688 exhibits furfural oxidation activity
synthesis
oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic sec-thiols by enzyme variants, yielding the corresponding thioketones and nonreacted R-configured thiols with excellent enantioselectivities (E+200)
synthesis
production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid by biotransformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Genes encoding 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural/furfural oxidoreductase from Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 are introduced into Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60. The 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid production in the engineered whole-cell biocatalyst increases from 51.0 to 93.6 mM, and the molar conversion ratio of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid increases from 51.0 to 93.6%
synthesis
synthetic pathway to yield 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from furfural, produced from lignocellulosic biomass. The pathway consists of an oxidase and a prenylated flavin mononucleotide (prFMN)-dependent reversible decarboxylase, catalyzing furfural oxidation and carboxylation of 2-furoic acid, respectively. Upon coexpression in Escherichia coli, as well as a flavin prenyltransferase, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid can be produced from furfural via 2-furoic acid in one pot
synthesis
the combination of alcohol oxidase and catalase is most effective in converting over 97% 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran in 72 h
synthesis
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utilization of whole-cell Paraburkholderia azotifigens F18 for selective reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or oxidation to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA). The whole-cell system can proceed an efficient hydrogenation reaction toward 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with a good selectivity of 97.6% to yield the BHMF at 92.2%. BHMF can be further oxidized to HMFCA and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The genes encoding HMF oxidoreductase/oxidase of whole-cell F18 are then deleted to prevent the further conversion of HMFCA to FDCA, which leads to a 10-fold decrease of FDCA. An 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion of 100% with an HMFCA yield of 98.3% is finally achieved, with an selectivity of 96.3% and a yield of 85.1% even at a high substrate concentration of up to 200 mM
synthesis
-
utilization of whole-cell Paraburkholderia azotifigens F18 for selective reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or oxidation to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA). The whole-cell system can proceed an efficient hydrogenation reaction toward 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with a good selectivity of 97.6% to yield the BHMF at 92.2%. BHMF can be further oxidized to HMFCA and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The genes encoding HMF oxidoreductase/oxidase of whole-cell F18 are then deleted to prevent the further conversion of HMFCA to FDCA, which leads to a 10-fold decrease of FDCA. An 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion of 100% with an HMFCA yield of 98.3% is finally achieved, with an selectivity of 96.3% and a yield of 85.1% even at a high substrate concentration of up to 200 mM
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synthesis
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the combination of alcohol oxidase and catalase is most effective in converting over 97% 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran in 72 h
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Improved production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid by overexpression of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural/furfural oxidoreductase in Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60
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Creating a more robust 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase by combining computational predictions with a novel effective library design
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