The substrate, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione, forms spontaneously from glutathione and formaldehyde; its rate of formation is increased in some bacteria by the presence of EC 4.4.1.22, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase. This enzyme forms part of the pathway that detoxifies formaldehyde, since the product is hydrolysed by EC 3.1.2.12, S-formylglutathione hydrolase. The human enzyme belongs to the family of zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Also specifically reduces S-nitrosylglutathione.
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Drosophila melanogaster The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
nitroreductase, gsnor, s-nitrosoglutathione reductase, gsno reductase, gsnor1, adh iii, gsno-r, alcohol dehydrogenase class iii, slgsnor, formic dehydrogenase, more
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione:NAD+ oxidoreductase
The substrate, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione, forms spontaneously from glutathione and formaldehyde; its rate of formation is increased in some bacteria by the presence of EC 4.4.1.22, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione synthase. This enzyme forms part of the pathway that detoxifies formaldehyde, since the product is hydrolysed by EC 3.1.2.12, S-formylglutathione hydrolase. The human enzyme belongs to the family of zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Also specifically reduces S-nitrosylglutathione.
overexpression of the fdh in the central nervous system significantly increases GSNOR activity and induces visual pattern memory defects of Drosophila melanogaster. Overexpression of the fdh in the fan-shaped body induces memory defect, while overexpression in the mushroom body does not. The visual pattern memory defect can be rescued by co-expression with exogenous cGMP-dependent protein kinase
the enzyme controls the nitric oxide metabolism, which plays a crucial role in visual pattern memory in Drosophila melanogaster. The role of fdh in learning and memory is independent of development and is neuron-specific
overexpression of the fdh in the central nervous system significantly increases GSNOR activity and induces visual pattern memory defects of Drosophila melanogaster, Overexpression of fdh results in NO imbalance, thereby affecting the NO-cGMPPKG pathway and protein S-nitrosation and, ultimately, learning and memory function, regulation of protein S-nitrosation by fdh in transgenic flies, overview. elav-Gal4 driven pan-neuronal GSNOR and PKG co-expression flies restore normal memory performance completely
Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from yeast and plant: implications for the general functional and structural significance of class III alcohol dehydrogenase
Luque, T.; Atrian, S.; Danielsson, O.; Jornvall, H.; Gonzalez-Duarte, R.
Structure of the Drosophila melanogaster glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase/octanol dehydrogenase gene (class III alcohol dehydrogenase). Evolutionary pathway of the alcohol dehydrogenase genes
Medium- and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene and protein families: Dual functions of alcohol dehydrogenase 3: implications with focus on formaldehyde dehydrogenase and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activities
Nitric oxide metabolism controlled by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (fdh, homolog of mammalian GSNOR) plays a crucial role in visual pattern memory in Drosophila